Suchergebnisse

Socialism and the Common Good brings together a set of writings by some of the leading social and political thinkers at work in Britain today. Its object is to place before the public some seminal discussions of a central theme which is both theoretical and practical, namely the role of the state in achieving social justice in modern market systems from a socialist perspective. These essays touch many subjects, such as state ownership, collectivism, communitarianism, individualism, equality, citizenship, and national identity. Is state ownership essential to the common good? Is it only one among many possible means of securing social justice? Is communitarianism a threat to civil liberty? Is it, by contrast, a necessary condition for efficacy and fairness?

Abstract
The use of digital platforms for managing work grew considerably in Portugal, especially in the aftermath of the Great Recession. This new form of digital and platform work intensified the use of an on-demand workforce, not involved in the bargaining process, subject to indecent working conditions, social control and surveillance and the possibility of accessing social benefits, creating new obstacles for organising. Between 2019 and 2021, semi-structured interviews with workers, activists involved in associations and social movements, trade unionists and key informers were conducted. Also desk research involved five case-studies in Portugal, as part of a European research project. Results allowed to establish a typification of digital platform workers and to analyse collective action and voice in the country.

This paper aims at discussing the concept of realism in Grisham's novel, Gray Mountain. Grisham's works are based on his profession, as an attorney. He is an interesting author, a politician and an activist. As a social activist as well as a politician, he has great concern for social justice. This paper explores the author's ideas about injustice reflected in the Gray Mountain. The impacts of the coal mining industry on the social, political and economic condition of the people in this region are also explored in this paper. The study shows that the events depicted in Gray Mountain were based on the reality of the occurrences in Appalachian society. The novel can be considered as a reflection or criticism of this community.

Les établissements sociaux qui hébergent des familles sans logement proposent des conditions d'hébergement très variées, de l'institution collective à l'hébergement en appartement autonome. De plus, ils relèvent de différents secteurs des politiques sociales. Si les centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale, qu'ils soient collectifs ou « diffus », visent prioritairement l'accès au logement, les centres maternels (souvent collectifs) et les centres parentaux, de création plus récente et fonctionnant davantage en logement diffus, s'inscrivent dans le dispositif de la protection de l'enfance. En se basant sur trois recherches menées auprès de personnes hébergées dans ces différentes structures, cet article a pour objectif d'explorer l'articulation entre l'agencement spatial des espaces de vie et les pratiques d'interventions sociales en direction des familles, en fonction des missions de l'institution.

Regarding social background, German academia still represents a highly selective field. The paper discusses to what extent recent structural changes in academia lead to increased social selectivity. It is argued that, on the one hand, informal practices of promoting and recruiting strengthen the importance of cultural and habitual matching while, on the other hand, politically initiated competition and the rise of precarious short-term and part-time employment deepen the correlation between academic careers and social background. This trend shows itself quantitatively in a high level of competition amongst early-career researchers and qualitatively in precarious employment conditions and insufficient career-prospects. Moreover, these mechanisms seem to operate within periods of qualification, only to become visible during periods of transition.

Globalization, rising inequality, polarization, lack of trust, unpredictability, deregulation, destabilization, fragmentation, and flux in working life – and in society in general – seems to be signs of our time. Social scientists have characterized these signs as the postmodern condition, late modernity, liquid modernity, etc., and described how these processes are transforming both our societal institutions and social life in general in undesirable ways. However, in this gloomy characterization of our times, many have been looking toward the Nordic societies to find inspiration for welfare models that might stem the tide of societal disintegration and bring hope of solidarity, social cohesion, regulation, and temper capitalism. The Nordic societies have served as exemplary cases to be emulated by Third Way and progressive politics around the world. (.)

The problem of relationship of civil society with the state within its theoretical, historical, social and political aspects was analyzed. The attention was paid to the institutional pre-conditions of both civil and political societies differentiation as well as to features of democratic governance in the terms of social and state transformation.Key words: a civil society, state, developed democracy, quasi democracy, social transformation, "state-minimum", minarchism. ; Проаналізовано проблему взаємодії громадянського суспільства і держави в теоретичному, історичному і соціально-політичному аспектах. Увагу зосереджено на інституційних передумовах розмежування громадянського і політичного суспільств та пов'язаних із цим особливостях демократичного врядування в умовах суспільної і державної трансформації. Ключові слова: громадянське суспільство, держава, розвинута демократія, квазі-демократія, суспільна трансформація, "держава-мінімум", мінархізм.

Relationships in non-linear systems are unstable. Considering that, chaos theory aims to understand and to explain the unpredictable aspects of nature, social life, uncertainties, nonlinearities, disorders and confusion. Small differences in initial conditions - such as those due to rounding errors in numerical computation may perform diverging outcomes tracking to systems chaotic behaviour. In these circumstances, long-term predictions become impossible in general. A brilliant metaphor on this is the so-called butterfly effect, about the way how the flapping of the wings of a butterfly may cause huge phenomena either they are physical, atmospheric or social. In this work, the drop of honey effect metaphor is proposed for representing this kind of butterfly effect for chaos in social phenomena, in particular in economics and politics.

Relationships in non-linear systems are unstable. Considering that, chaos theory aims to understand and to explain the unpredictable aspects of nature, social life, uncertainties, nonlinearities, disorders and confusion. Small differences in initial conditions - such as those due to rounding errors in numerical computation – may perform diverging outcomes tracking to systems' chaotic behaviour. In these circumstances, long-term predictions become impossible in general. A brilliant metaphor on this is the so-called butterfly effect, about the way how the "flapping of the wings of a butterfly" may cause huge phenomena either they are physical, atmospheric or social. In this work, the drop of honey effect metaphor is proposed for representing this kind of butterfly effect for chaos in social phenomena, in particular in economics and politics. ; peer-reviewed

Relationships in non-linear systems are unstable. Considering that, chaos theory aims to understand and to explain the unpredictable aspects of nature, social life, uncertainties, nonlinearities, disorders and confusion. Small differences in initial conditions - such as those due to rounding errors in numerical computation – may perform diverging outcomes tracking to systems' chaotic behaviour. In these circumstances, long-term predictions become impossible in general. A brilliant metaphor on this is the so-called butterfly effect, about the way how the "flapping of the wings of a butterfly" may cause huge phenomena either they are physical, atmospheric or social. In this work, the drop of honey effect metaphor is proposed for representing this kind of butterfly effect for chaos in social phenomena, in particular in economics and politics.

The sociology of technology and the sociology of science still make little use of findings in rhetorical and linguistic fields. This article analyzes the conditions under which an invention might become an innovation, paying particular attention to the symbolic level. The article, thus, analyzes the role of communication in the social process of innovation and proposes to use the concepts of discourse community and communicative genre to tackle the symbolic dimension of innovation processes, applying them to the case of e-books, taken as an invention that has not yet become a true social innovation. A textual analysis, together with the discussion of the results of two empirical studies, is proposed to analyze the social, linguistic, and communicative aspects of the innovation process.

Вопрос о причинных факторах, приводящих в движение социальные процессы, является важной проблемой теории социального прогресса. При этом возникают определенные трудности с разделением причинных факторов на внутренние и внешние. При модернизации российского социума наиболее благоприятные условия для социального развития возникают в случае совмещения внутренних (целесообразная человеческая деятельность) и внешних (действия политической власти) факторов. ; The question of casual factors driving social processes is an important issue of social theory. This entails the issue of differentiating within the casual factors the internal and external ones. For the improvement of the Russian society the most favourable conditions for social development emerge in the case of the combination the internal (reasonable human activities) and external (activities of political power) factors.

Рассматриваются культурно-политические условия и цели участия молодежи в общественно-политической жизни страны; особенно выделяется влияние на молодежную среду российской власти как важного фактора «конструирования» ее адаптационных и культурных стратегий, генерирующих не только направления ее социально-политической активности, но и ее «размерности» в поле социальных взаимодействий. ; Cultural and political conditions and aims of youth participation in social and political life of the country have been considered in the article; especially the influence of the Russian power on the youth environment, as a very important factor of its (the youth environment) adaptive and cultural strategies' «construction» generating not only the directions of its social and political activity but also its «dimension» in the field of social interactions.

Résumé L'objet de cet article est l'influence des rapports sociaux de sexe sur la connaissance de ces derniers. Le fil conducteur est la dette de la sociologie à l'égard de la pensée féministe et les questions (sociologiques) que cette dette pose. Il semble admis au sein des sciences sociales que c'est la transformation des rapports sociaux de sexe qui a permis — ou contraint — le développement de la problématique des rapports sociaux de sexe. Il semble moins bien connu et surtout reconnu que celui-ci n'est pas le produit du fonctionnement « normal » du champ scientifique. Cet article propose ainsi une contribution à l'élucidation de la genèse des problématiques de sexe dans les sciences sociales en interrogeant les conditions sociales de leur renouvellement.

This paper explores print media's representations of the phenomenon of violence or killing for clothing and other fashion apparel items. Using the social constructionist definition of social problems, condition‐categories used by both primary and secondary claims‐makers are examined through rhetorical idioms and forms of talk representing motives, settings, and solutions. Typifications of the problem by primary claims‐makers were related to the vested interest of those making the claims. Media claims were framed differently in different types of news stories. While some overlap was found in the rhetorics of primary and secondary claims‐makers, their differences were sufficient to establish support for the need to examine social problems from the perspectives of various claims‐makers.