Suchergebnisse

Цель: Представление классификации угроз в особенности по субъектным, предметным и про странственным критериям. Методы: С целью реализации задачи были выделены критерии классификации и применены теоретические методы для выделения групп угроз. Результаты: Размышления на тему угроз есть достаточно сложны. Угрозы всегда были, есть и будут. Они сопровождают человека в разном масштабе и форме на протяжении многих лет. Меняется только их интенсивность и вид. Вышеуказанная ситуация является результатом меняющейся, среди прочего, ситуации на международной и национальной аренах. Их предотвращение всегда требовало, требует и бу дет требовать исследований. Эффективность исследований возможна благодаря, например, успешной классификации тех самых угроз. Нестабильность среды безопасности может вызвать изменения критериев классификации угроз. Изменениям будет подвергаться их характер, затем будут меняться также критерии классификации угроз. Только часть из существующих угроз не будет подвергаться этим изменениям. К ним, вероятнее всего, можно отнести субъект, предмет и время. В условиях т аких изменений необходим мониторинг этих угроз и на основе этого проведение познавательных процессов. В процессе проведения исследований на тему классификации угроз, проходит постоянный поиск критериев, сумма которых позволит её полностью представить. К этим критериям следует отнести: источник происхождения угрозы, место происхождения источника угрозы, наличие милитарного фактора, актуальность угроз, знания об угрозе, времени, частоте, интенсивности, диапазоне, симптомах, числе угрожающий факторов, а также степени и области деструкции. Каталог критериев постоянно проверяется и пополняется в зависимости от меняющейся окружающей среды. Процесс познания в этой области постоянно продолжается. Выводы: При проведении исследования угроз, проводится их разделение с учётом выделенных критериев. Вышеуказанные принципы применяется для более точного исследования области угроз. Это трудный и сложный процесс, однако он возможен. Дискуссии в вышеуказанной сфере происходят во многих областях и сферах науки. Это указывает на интердисциплинарный характер этой проблематики. Научное представление проблематики, связанной с угрозами, не позволяет в данный момент выделить общие критерии во многих научных областях и отраслях, которые однозначно позволили бы ввести в наук у общую классификацию угроз. Однако вышеуказанное не освобождает от необходимости поиска таких решений. Данная статья является попыткой такого обзорного представления. В основе этого положения лежат решения, которые использовались в статье и являются выводами в исследованиях, проведённых экспертами, принадлежащими к разным научным отраслям и областям. Это показывает четкую необходимость консолидации усилий специалистов во многих областях безопасности. Представленная в статье информация является только голосом в дискуссии, который может стать вдохновением для дальнейших размышлений в данной области.Aim: To categorise threats according to given criteria, in particular: subjective, objective and time related. Method: In order to achieve the desired purpose, categories were exposed and theoretical approaches harnessed to differentiate threat groups. Results: The discourse concerning threats is complex. Threats emerged in the past, occur now and will prevail in the future. They accompanied humans in different forms and scale for many years. One element which is changing concerns the intensity of threats. The aforementioned scenario is the consequence of the changing environment, at national and international level. A pre-requisite to the eradication of threats is the conduct of research. The changing state of security in the environment will contribute towards a change in classification of threat criteria. There will be changes in the nature of threats and, correspondingly, threat categorisation criteria will also vary. Only a part of today's model will be unaffected by such variations. Most probably subjective, objective and time related threats will prevail as they are. Any variability will require monitoring and, on that basis, will call for the conduct of cognitive processes. The processes involving classification of risks requires constant updating to the extent where the aggregate of classes will represents the whole. The criteria list should incorporate the following: source of threat, location of the source of threat, presence of a military factor, verity of threat, knowledge of threat, time, frequency, intensity, range, symptoms, number of threat elements as well as the degree and range of destruction. The criteria list is constantly exposed to validation and updating, in tandem with the changing environment. This identification process is continuous. Conclusions: Research of threats is accompanied by identification and classification of discrete criteria. This is necessary so that the extent of a threat can be examined further. The process is complex and difficult, but not impossible. Discourse concerning this issue is found in a range of scientific research disciplines. Consequently, this indicates an interdisciplinary character of the problem. Scientific exploitation of problems associated with threats, does not allow for fragmentation of criteria which, are common to many fields of science and which, could benefit from a common approach to the classification of threats. Encountered difficulties, do not relieve researches from an obligation to search for solutions. The review contained in this article, provides an attempt at such an exploitation. The basis for such a view is contained in solutions exposed by the article which, reproduces research conclusions determined by experts from a range of science disciplines. This article highlights a clear need for a joint expert approach in many areas dealing with safety. Presented material is simply a voice in a discussion which, may provide a springboard for further research of the topic.

Education has undergone many changes and adaptations due to the uncanny times we live in caused by the pandemic that spread to the world in the first months of 2020. Speaking and writing about the effects of Covid-19 in all areas of life has become a common practice if one thinks of the numerous reports and news put forth by the media about the impact of the virus on people, on the economy, on work and school. No one knows for sure the consequences of Coronavirus. We can only focus and reflect on its short-term effects. Apart from realising that Covid-19 has taken its toll on people, it has forced us to readjust our lives in an unforeseeable way. Working and studying from home became a common practice of life put on hold. Lockdowns, enforced differently by the governments, have tried to bring the pandemic under control to drop transmission rates. In addition, they have dictated (the temporary) course of education and business. Online classes, online meetings, via Zoom or the Microsoft platform Teams, for instance, have given way to a virtual environment to which schools and universities had to adhere. To avoid letting ourselves to be under the sway of Covid-19, we have to carry on with our so-called normal lives, under all accepted constraints, and try to deal with this new situation the best we can. That means that one has to continue teaching, learning and doing research in the search for knowledge, new challenges to unravel less explored fields, and, ultimately, to find a balance between life and work. Starting this preface with the mention of the pandemic was neither innocent nor purposeless. As teachers and researchers, we felt we had to convey a message to all the people involved in the field of education and research. We must resolutely not fear the virus and fight it by doing what we know best. Despite the need to abide by safety rules, we have to continue working. Regarding education, we can already draw some conclusions about the effects of the pandemic throughout these last ten months. Schools and universities have made all the efforts to overcome the constraints caused by Covid-19, facilitating the work of teachers/lecturers, educators, and researchers by fostering collaborative work and technology-enhanced learning. If, on the one hand, many complained about a myriad of negative aspects, namely the reduction of class interaction, technological devices and network problems, on the other, some bravely embraced the idea of going online, despite all the obstacles they would encounter. Overall, everyone adapted and continued working, upholding their beliefs in democratic education. Conferences have also been postponed, cancelled, or transferred to an online context. The Erasmus Week, which was to be held at the IPB in May this year, was regretfully cancelled. Teaching Crossroads was not put off by the virus. It hasn't stopped the publication process since May last year. As such, we are pleased to have this year's edition ready, comprising some of the works presented during the 15th and 16th IPB Erasmus Weeks. Finally, we would like to thank the authors who kindly sent us their works to be published, undergoing a thorough review process. Consequently, our last word of appraisal goes to the reviewers who helped us to keep the quality level we aim to maintain. We do hope that both students and teachers enjoy reading the texts published in this number, in the sense they find common teaching intersections that will benefit them throughout the teaching-learning process. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

El ausentismo laboral es un problema social, económico y laboral que tiene un gran impacto sobre el trabajador que se ausenta, pero además sobre la empresa quien ve afectada su productividad, lo que al final se traduce en una desaceleración del crecimiento económico y social en diferentes sectores de la sociedad. En tal virtud resulta de gran utilidad hacer una revisión de la literatura con el suficiente rigor científico y epistemológico para encontrar los factores asociados al ausentismo a causa de enfermedad común y laboral, la normativa y legislación emanada de los entes internacionales tales como la OIT y OMS, para encontrar las mejores estrategias en su control, a partir de un planteamiento transversal a todas las organizaciones, que resulte efectiva. Los factores comunes encontrados en la literatura en las empresas que reportan altas tasas de ausentismo, fueron las bajas mediciones de clima organizacional, remuneración, relaciones interpersonales y factores sociales relacionados con la normativa propia de cada país, donde se observó que cuando los subsidios por enfermedad son mayores, las personas tienen una mayor tendencia a ausentarse del trabajo. Por lo anterior, este trabajo plantea como primera propuesta de control del ausentismo, el análisis del clima organizacional y factores psicolaborales para elaborar una estrategia adaptada a la empresa, en paralelo con un análisis completo del ausentismo que fortalezca las estrategias dentro de los Programas Médicos Empresariales, para prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud, así como la vacunación para la influenza la cual ha demostrado ser una estrategia efectiva para el control de ausentismos por enfermedades respiratorias. En definitiva, todas aquellas estrategias que busquen reducir las tasas de ausentismo en una empresa determinada deben enfocarse en la implementación de ambientes saludables desde la óptica de salud física, así como de salud mental. ; Absenteeism is a social, economic and labor issue that has a major impact on the worker who is absent but also about the company that affected its productivity, which ultimately results in a slowing economic and social growth in different sectors of the society. By virtue it is useful to make a review of the literature with sufficient scientific and epidemiological rigor to find the factors associated with absenteeism due to common illness and occupational disease, regulations and legislation emanating from international bodies such as the ILO and WHO; and likewise find the best strategies to control this problem, this in order to devise a strategy that can be transversal to all organizations and to be effective in controlling absenteeism due to common illnesses and / or labor. The common factor found in the literature on companies reporting high absenteeism rates were low measurements of organizational climate, organizational issues such as remuneration, interpersonal relationships and social factors related to the own regulations of each country where it was observed that in countries where health benefits are older people are more likely to be absent from work. That's why the work is presented as first control strategy absenteeism, analysis of organizational climate and Labor Psychology factors to develop the strategy adapted to the company, this in parallel with a complete analysis of absenteeism to generate strategies within Programs Business Medicos for disease prevention and health promotion, as well as vaccination for influenza which has proven to be an effective strategy to control absenteeism from respiratory diseases. Ultimately all those strategies that seek to reduce absenteeism rates in a particular company should focus on implementing healthy environments from the standpoint of physical health and mental health.

The PhD. I completed in political philosophy asks the following question: to what extent transparency is desirable for democracy? To what extent the conditions of a desirable transparency can help us to define a legitimate political regime? The thesis begins with the most common meaning given to political transparency: political publicity. Leaning on the discourse of the European New Public Governance, I tried to analyze the possible objects and functions of publicity. I took up then the tensions and limits of the concept. For some, secrecy is preferable to publicity when it responds to a state of political exception or when it favors the capacity of the government to take a rational decision. For others, publicity would not meet the conditions of democracy and particularly the expression of the sovereign will. Both lines are riddled with inconsistencies mostly due to the limited theories upon which they are based, namely Reason of State, the deliberative model, and the ideal of political similarity. The work then examines European Public governance discourse and it attempts to surpass these theories through the notion of inclusive transparency, where transparency relies on the participation of all actors in the decision-making process including the recursive integration of different phases and spaces in political decision-making. This model of transparency develops a « deliberative and reflexive » discussion which tries to bridge the modern ideal of rationality with the recognition of a pluralist and dynamic social space. I analyzed the characteristics of the deliberative reflexive model via the practical case of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC), a governance process designed to implement a common social and economical model within the European Union. The Open Method of Coordination (OMC) however demonstrates that the deliberative reflexive model can not be both efficient and legitimate, and that its failure relies on a problematic conception of transparency: the idea that the legitimacy of transparency is related to its hability to promote a common good through the production of a right and representative political outcome. Finally, the thesis generates principles for desirable transparency and, more largely, the criteria of a legitimate political regime on which these principles could rely on: the approach my thesis tries to give of transparency helps to radicalize the legitimacy conditions of democracy and political liberalism, and the statute that democracy could have in the absence of an epistemic justification. To this end, I began to contest the ambition that the deliberative theories sustain to constitute both a justificatory model of the political decision - the reason why a decision is supposed to be fair, moral or justified - and a legitimation model of a political regime - the reason why citizens must obey to the decisions. I tried then to define what could constitute a legitimate political regime. I defined it as the access for each citizen to a chance of same nature to assert his claim to power – such a claim understood as a capacity to form, express and impose to the social world a proposition that the citizen think desirable to be universalized to his environment. I imagined the conditions under which this definition of a legitimate political regime could be reached: a condition of expression – for which each citizen must have an equal prerogative to impose his point of view; and a condition of exit – which implies to give each citizen the possibility to quit the public discussion in order to protect his capacity to form and express his political judgment. I finally tried to apply these conditions to the particular case of political transparency. ; (ISP 3) -- UCL, 2009

The PhD. I completed in political philosophy asks the following question: to what extent transparency is desirable for democracy? To what extent the conditions of a desirable transparency can help us to define a legitimate political regime? The thesis begins with the most common meaning given to political transparency: political publicity. Leaning on the discourse of the European New Public Governance, I tried to analyze the possible objects and functions of publicity. I took up then the tensions and limits of the concept. For some, secrecy is preferable to publicity when it responds to a state of political exception or when it favors the capacity of the government to take a rational decision. For others, publicity would not meet the conditions of democracy and particularly the expression of the sovereign will. Both lines are riddled with inconsistencies mostly due to the limited theories upon which they are based, namely Reason of State, the deliberative model, and the ideal of political similarity. The work then examines European Public governance discourse and it attempts to surpass these theories through the notion of inclusive transparency, where transparency relies on the participation of all actors in the decision-making process including the recursive integration of different phases and spaces in political decision-making. This model of transparency develops a « deliberative and reflexive » discussion which tries to bridge the modern ideal of rationality with the recognition of a pluralist and dynamic social space. I analyzed the characteristics of the deliberative reflexive model via the practical case of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC), a governance process designed to implement a common social and economical model within the European Union. The Open Method of Coordination (OMC) however demonstrates that the deliberative reflexive model can not be both efficient and legitimate, and that its failure relies on a problematic conception of transparency: the idea that the legitimacy of transparency is related to its hability to promote a common good through the production of a right and representative political outcome. Finally, the thesis generates principles for desirable transparency and, more largely, the criteria of a legitimate political regime on which these principles could rely on: the approach my thesis tries to give of transparency helps to radicalize the legitimacy conditions of democracy and political liberalism, and the statute that democracy could have in the absence of an epistemic justification. To this end, I began to contest the ambition that the deliberative theories sustain to constitute both a justificatory model of the political decision - the reason why a decision is supposed to be fair, moral or justified - and a legitimation model of a political regime - the reason why citizens must obey to the decisions. I tried then to define what could constitute a legitimate political regime. I defined it as the access for each citizen to a chance of same nature to assert his claim to power – such a claim understood as a capacity to form, express and impose to the social world a proposition that the citizen think desirable to be universalized to his environment. I imagined the conditions under which this definition of a legitimate political regime could be reached: a condition of expression – for which each citizen must have an equal prerogative to impose his point of view; and a condition of exit – which implies to give each citizen the possibility to quit the public discussion in order to protect his capacity to form and express his political judgment. I finally tried to apply these conditions to the particular case of political transparency. ; (ISP 3) -- UCL, 2009

The Agbiotech Bulletin, Volume 4 Issue 12, December 1996 Published by AG-WEST BIOTECH INC. Code Number:NL96023 Sizes of Files: Text: 51.2K Graphics: No associated graphics files Commons Committee Recommends Biotech Commission Canada needs a National Advisory Commission on Biotechnology to assess the risks associated with the new technology, according to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. The Environment Committee tabled its report, entitled Biotechnology Regulation in Canada A Matter of Public Confidence on November 8, and requested a comprehensive response from government within 150 days. IBAC Supports Existing Regulatory Structure In response to the Committee's recommendations, the Industrial Biotechnology Association of Canada (IBAC) has reasserted its view that "Products produced using biotechnology should be treated no differently from those products using other processes. Canada has in place the infrastructure and mechanisms to properly regulate the introduction, testing, approval, and use of products to be used in agriculture, health care, environment, and industry." Legal Issues Surrounding Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology (This is the third in a series of articles on key Intellectual Property Rights issues. The first and second articles in the series offered private and public sector perspectives. This article, by Cory Furman of the Furman & Kallio law office, provides a legal perspective. New Patent Rules in Effect Can Laws Evolve as Quickly as Science? News CANOLAB Launched The federal government has launched a unique educational science project for elementary students across Canada. Laurate Canola to Be Grown in Canada Much of the high laurate transgenic canola developed by Calgene Inc. of California will be grown on Canadian farms, according to an article in the Manitoba Cooperator. High laurate canola, derived by inserting a gene from the California bay tree into canola, produces a high value oil useful in making shampoos, detergents, cocoa butter substitutes, and whipped toppings. Liberty Link Hybrid Canola Available Canola growers in southern Manitoba now have access to a world first for canola production: a hybrid that is resistant to Liberty herbicide. Cooperation Agreement on Science and Technology The four western provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Government of Canada have signed an agreement which cements ongoing cooperation in science and technology throughout Western Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding will facilitate two initiatives immediately, and lead to many other initiatives tailored to support the region's industry. Opportunities for Turkish-Canadian Collaboration in Agbiotech Bio Atlantec Announced Regulatory New Substances Notification Regulations Events Outlook Agri-Food '97 BIOMINET Meeting Wood Biotechnology Symposium Trends Opportunities for Growth of Aquaculture Identified Recombinant Fungus Protects Trees Scientists may soon be able to inoculate valuable tree seedlings against pests and pollution by introducing beneficial genes into fungi that surround the tree's roots. Alliances Ceapro Amalgamation Involves Canamino, Minerva Edmonton-based Ceapro Developments Inc. will amalgamate with its Calgary-based subsidiary Vexco Healthcare Inc. Quebec Agri-Food Club Boosts Export Activity What's behind the rapid growth in Quebec's agri-food export sector? Finance VIDO Continues to Prosper Saskatoon-based VIDO (Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization) has achieved important advances in vaccine research and strategic partnerships with industry leaders over the past year, according to a report released from the 51st meeting of the Board of Directors, held recently in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Private/Public Agreement Aids Canadian Exporters Northstar Trade Finance Inc. and the Department of Western Economic Diversification (WD) are working together to promote greater access by small- and medium-sized businesses to export markets. Northstar will receive a $150,000 loan from WD to market its services to small- and medium-sized exporters in Canada. R&D Project Funds Available National biotechnology strategy funding is available for R&D projects which protect the environment from activities in the fossil fuel and mining sector. Some $97,000 will be made available in 1997/98 in the fossil fuel sector, and a similar amount in the mining sector. Support for Exports to Higher-Risk Markets A $1.5 billion commitment by the Export Development Corporation (EDC) could help more foreign customers buy Canadian products. The new funding will support sales of Canadian capital goods and projects to commercial customers in higher-risk emerging markets. Consumers' Association Comments on Biotech Regs The jurisdiction and authority for regulating products of biotechnology is best left to the government departments experienced in regulating novel and traditionally-derived foods, according to the Consumers' Association of Canada (CAC). FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Biotechnology and Food Safety The recent Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Biotechnology and Food Safety has concluded that "Food safety considerations regarding organisms produced by techniques that change the heritable traits of an organism, such as rDNA technology, are basically of the same nature as those that might arise from other ways of altering the genome of an organism, such as conventional breeding." Attitudes Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Our Future: A Student View (The essay by Amie A. Brochu of Monseigneur de Laval School in Regina was the top-graded entry in the first annual Agbiotech Essay Contest sponsored by Ag-West Biotech. Resources FOODPACK The National Research Council and the Food Research and Development Centre of Agriculture Canada have joined forces to offer the Canadian food industry a research and development program dealing with plastics and food packaging. Benchmarks For Success Deloitte & Touche Consulting Group has published Benchmarking for Success Five Year Financial Performance Trends for Canadian and United States Food Processors 1996. World Seed Market The World Seed Market: Developments and Strategies offers information on the agricultural seed sector, including biotechnology. People Watch Beef Development Centre IBAC NRC-PBI International Food Focus VIDO CAMA MOGEN International We Welcome Your Input The Agbiotech Bulletin is published 12 times per year on behalf of Ag-West Biotech Inc. by Westcross House Publications

The Agbiotech Bulletin, Volume 4 Issue 12, December 1996 Published by AG-WEST BIOTECH INC. Code Number:NL96023 Sizes of Files: Text: 51.2K Graphics: No associated graphics files Commons Committee Recommends Biotech Commission Canada needs a National Advisory Commission on Biotechnology to assess the risks associated with the new technology, according to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development. The Environment Committee tabled its report, entitled Biotechnology Regulation in Canada A Matter of Public Confidence on November 8, and requested a comprehensive response from government within 150 days. IBAC Supports Existing Regulatory Structure In response to the Committee's recommendations, the Industrial Biotechnology Association of Canada (IBAC) has reasserted its view that "Products produced using biotechnology should be treated no differently from those products using other processes. Canada has in place the infrastructure and mechanisms to properly regulate the introduction, testing, approval, and use of products to be used in agriculture, health care, environment, and industry." Legal Issues Surrounding Intellectual Property Rights in Biotechnology (This is the third in a series of articles on key Intellectual Property Rights issues. The first and second articles in the series offered private and public sector perspectives. This article, by Cory Furman of the Furman & Kallio law office, provides a legal perspective. New Patent Rules in Effect Can Laws Evolve as Quickly as Science? News CANOLAB Launched The federal government has launched a unique educational science project for elementary students across Canada. Laurate Canola to Be Grown in Canada Much of the high laurate transgenic canola developed by Calgene Inc. of California will be grown on Canadian farms, according to an article in the Manitoba Cooperator. High laurate canola, derived by inserting a gene from the California bay tree into canola, produces a high value oil useful in making shampoos, detergents, cocoa butter substitutes, and whipped toppings. Liberty Link Hybrid Canola Available Canola growers in southern Manitoba now have access to a world first for canola production: a hybrid that is resistant to Liberty herbicide. Cooperation Agreement on Science and Technology The four western provinces, the Northwest Territories, and the Government of Canada have signed an agreement which cements ongoing cooperation in science and technology throughout Western Canada. The Memorandum of Understanding will facilitate two initiatives immediately, and lead to many other initiatives tailored to support the region's industry. Opportunities for Turkish-Canadian Collaboration in Agbiotech Bio Atlantec Announced Regulatory New Substances Notification Regulations Events Outlook Agri-Food '97 BIOMINET Meeting Wood Biotechnology Symposium Trends Opportunities for Growth of Aquaculture Identified Recombinant Fungus Protects Trees Scientists may soon be able to inoculate valuable tree seedlings against pests and pollution by introducing beneficial genes into fungi that surround the tree's roots. Alliances Ceapro Amalgamation Involves Canamino, Minerva Edmonton-based Ceapro Developments Inc. will amalgamate with its Calgary-based subsidiary Vexco Healthcare Inc. Quebec Agri-Food Club Boosts Export Activity What's behind the rapid growth in Quebec's agri-food export sector? Finance VIDO Continues to Prosper Saskatoon-based VIDO (Veterinary Infectious Disease Organization) has achieved important advances in vaccine research and strategic partnerships with industry leaders over the past year, according to a report released from the 51st meeting of the Board of Directors, held recently in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Private/Public Agreement Aids Canadian Exporters Northstar Trade Finance Inc. and the Department of Western Economic Diversification (WD) are working together to promote greater access by small- and medium-sized businesses to export markets. Northstar will receive a $150,000 loan from WD to market its services to small- and medium-sized exporters in Canada. R&D Project Funds Available National biotechnology strategy funding is available for R&D projects which protect the environment from activities in the fossil fuel and mining sector. Some $97,000 will be made available in 1997/98 in the fossil fuel sector, and a similar amount in the mining sector. Support for Exports to Higher-Risk Markets A $1.5 billion commitment by the Export Development Corporation (EDC) could help more foreign customers buy Canadian products. The new funding will support sales of Canadian capital goods and projects to commercial customers in higher-risk emerging markets. Consumers' Association Comments on Biotech Regs The jurisdiction and authority for regulating products of biotechnology is best left to the government departments experienced in regulating novel and traditionally-derived foods, according to the Consumers' Association of Canada (CAC). FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Biotechnology and Food Safety The recent Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Biotechnology and Food Safety has concluded that "Food safety considerations regarding organisms produced by techniques that change the heritable traits of an organism, such as rDNA technology, are basically of the same nature as those that might arise from other ways of altering the genome of an organism, such as conventional breeding." Attitudes Biotechnology, Agriculture, and Our Future: A Student View (The essay by Amie A. Brochu of Monseigneur de Laval School in Regina was the top-graded entry in the first annual Agbiotech Essay Contest sponsored by Ag-West Biotech. Resources FOODPACK The National Research Council and the Food Research and Development Centre of Agriculture Canada have joined forces to offer the Canadian food industry a research and development program dealing with plastics and food packaging. Benchmarks For Success Deloitte & Touche Consulting Group has published Benchmarking for Success Five Year Financial Performance Trends for Canadian and United States Food Processors 1996. World Seed Market The World Seed Market: Developments and Strategies offers information on the agricultural seed sector, including biotechnology. People Watch Beef Development Centre IBAC NRC-PBI International Food Focus VIDO CAMA MOGEN International We Welcome Your Input The Agbiotech Bulletin is published 12 times per year on behalf of Ag-West Biotech Inc. by Westcross House Publications

Governments around the world use immigration detention to detain and deport irregular immigrants, which negatively affects their health. The aim of this thesis was to explore, describe and identify factors that could mitigate the effect of immigration detention on the health of detainees. This was a mixed method study using qualitative methods (Papers I and II), quantitative methods (Paper III) and descriptive case comparison (Paper IV) comparing the Swedish system to the system in the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The study design was strengthened by triangulation of methods and data sources. Detainees experienced lack of control over their own lives due to lack of information in a language they can understand, inadequate responses from detention staff and restrictions within detention centers further limiting their liberty. Duration of detention was negatively associated with satisfaction of services provided in detention and the detainees' Quality of Life (QOL). Detainees had low QOL domain scores with the psychological domain having the lowest score (41.9/100). The most significant factor positively associated with the QOL of detainees was the support received from detention staff. A sense of fear was present among detainees and staff. Detainees' fear was due to their inadequate interaction with authorities, perceiving it as threatening, and due to their worry of facing repercussions of being involved in incidents caused by others. The potential for physical threat from detainees created a sense of fear among the staff. The detention staff expressed the need for more support to manage their emotional dilemma and role conflict of being a civil servant, simultaneously enabling the deportation process while providing humane care to detainees as fellow human beings. Detention centers in the Benelux countries had more categories of staff providing different services to detainees. Compared to the Benelux countries, healthcare services at the Swedish detention centers were limited. Detainees were offered no medical screening on arrival and no regular access to mental healthcare professionals. Detaining authorities have the obligation to safeguard the health of detainees. Challenges faced by the detention staff and detainees must be addressed to create a supportive environment and fulfill that obligation.

The Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s not only highlighted the welfare consequences of transparency in the financial sector but also linked this relatively narrow problem to the broader context of transparency in governance. It has been observed that objections to transparency, often on flimsy pretexts, are common even in industrialized countries. This article argues that transparency is indispensable to the financial sector and describes its desirable characteristics: access, timeliness, relevance, and quality. The authors emphasize the need to weigh the costs and benefits of a more transparent regulatory policy, and they explore the connection between information imperfections, macroeconomic policy, and questions of risk. The article argues for developing institutional infrastructure, standards, and accounting practices that promote transparency, implementing incentives for disclosure and establishing regulations to minimize the perverse incentives generated by safety net arrangements, such as deposit insurance. Because institutional development is gradual, the authors contend that relatively simple regulations, such as limits on credit expansion, may be the most reasonable option for developing countries. They show that transparency has absolute limits because of the lack of adequate enforcement and argue that adequate enforcement may be predicated on broader reforms in the public sector.

The aim of the report is to help the state governments to develop regulations based on certain principles which makes the regulations predictable and transparent. The report suggests the way forward on how the state governments can learn from global best practices in creating uniformity in developing their pricing models, building transparency and creating more predictable policy environment through data driven and evidence-based policymaking. If the recommendations of this paper are implemented, it can help the state governments in meeting the objectives of earning higher revenue, addressing consumer health concerns, and creating employment. The recommendations can help India in bringing in more investments in to the sector, encourage innovation, improve ease of doing business, enable "Make in India", enhance exports and the country can be a key player in global value chains of alcoholic beverages.

2019 Summer. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; The first time in United States history that hemp was legally distinguished from high-THC Cannabis (marijuana) was in 2014 when the Farm Bill was passed. Although the two crops had been distinguished by their usage for thousands of years, their monospecific nature led to both psychoactive and non-psychoactive forms being legislated in tandem from the time that Americans began regulating Cannabis cultivation and usage. A simple statement in the 2014 Farm Bill distinguished hemp as Cannabis sativa L. with a tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of 0.3% or less. A second sentence enabled research into the crop and production within pilot programs in states where it is legal. This minor change in legality, followed by subsequent relaxation of laws surrounding hemp in the 2018 Farm Bill, has allowed a burgeoning hemp industry to form in the United States and enabled the return of a relict crop. Due to the long period of prohibition, hemp did not undergo the same type of crops research as other staple American crops. Consequently, little is known about the genetic mechanisms that control many of the key traits in hemp production. Understanding basic information about how traits are affected by environmental factors is highly important when regulation of the crop is based on a stringent and arbitrarily set threshold for chemical content. In 2016, we performed field trials of a diverse set of industrial hemp cultivars in multiple growing environments and assessed a wide range of traits. Expression of some traits, like days to maturity and THC content, were strongly influenced by genotype. Other traits, such as grain yield and plant height, exhibited large proportions of variance due to environmental factors and genotype-by-environment interactions. There were also varying ranges of plasticity exhibited between cultivars, underscoring the importance of selecting the right cultivar for target production environments. This highlights the importance of thoroughly characterizing genotype-by-environment interactions when breeding locally adapted hemp cultivars. Understanding genetic control of important traits and their range of plasticity enables the development of locally adapted cultivars for a wide range of end uses. Another aspect of Cannabis that is understudied is the genetic basis for differentiating hemp and high-THC Cannabis. Since the legal distinction is based on a strict threshold placed on a quantitative trait and not any known geographic or biological reproductive barriers, it is unclear whether or not there is genetic evidence to support the distinction or if the two groups are simply divergent phenotypes. A joint-site frequency and FST analysis show that individuals of the two groups mainly share common polymorphisms, with a small number of loci where differentiation occurs. These loci serve as the basis for distinguishing the two groups, but more study is needed to determine if alleles in these regions were driven to fixation via genetic drift and selection on unrelated traits, or if there is an evolutionary basis for the observed differences. When heterozygosity was assessed in these samples, the hemp group had higher overall heterozygosity levels, but the high-THC Cannabis group had more outliers which lead to a wider distribution with more extreme minimum and maximum values. Although it is clear that there are genetic differences distinguishing the two groups, extensive human vectoring and admixture between the groups, both historically and currently, makes it difficult to differentiate causes for the differences. A lack of centralized germplasm makes large-scale genomic studies of the species difficult, but, as more samples are surveyed over time, a more detailed picture of the genomic variation will emerge. These types of studies will be able to provide a more nuanced picture of the evolutionary history and current state of allelic variation within the species. In addition to plasticity and allelic diversity, genetic architecture of traits has also largely been ignored until recently. The first QTL study in Cannabis was performed in 2015 and was limited by legal restraints. Since understanding how economically relevant traits function is important to breeding improved hemp cultivars, we developed a genetic mapping population that captured variation for a wide range of traits. Utilizing whole-genome sequencing and phenotype data from a replicated field trial, we were able to detect 121 QTL associated with 38 agronomic and biochemical traits. Some traits, like days to maturity, had single loci of large effect accounting for the majority of trait variance, while other traits, like α-Pinene production, exhibited more complex polygenic architecture with epistatic interactions. Colocalization of QTL and significant trait correlations showed that there were positive relationships within both agronomic and biochemical trait groups. Although this study was limited by assessment of the population in a single environment, detecting these putative QTL serves as a substantial step forward in characterizing many relevant production traits.

Climate change presents one of the most pressing challenges of our time, impacting ecosystems, communities, and fundamental human rights. This abstract introduces an in-depth exploration of the nexus between climate justice, human rights principles, and the instrumental role of Environmental Public Interest Litigation (EPIL) in ensuring accountability and equity. With a particular emphasis on the Chinese context, the article explores the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and future prospects of attaining climate justice using EPIL. The analysis of how the Chinese model of EPIL may be modified for international climate disputes, as well as the possibilities and obstacles involved in doing so, forms the basis of this conversation. The theoretical framework emphasizes the importance of human rights in tackling climate-related challenges by incorporating concepts like the right to life, and the right to a healthy environment. This study discusses the causal and logical relationships between basic theories, such as the Precautionary Principle, Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), public trust, and the actual application of EPIL in international dispute settlement. There is a discussion of the practical applications of EPIL in climate cases, which include disclosing environmental information, fighting fossil fuel projects, advocating for climate adaptation, protecting vulnerable communities, challenging government inaction, and promoting renewable energy. Every application provides a practical example of how EPIL may be an effective instrument for attaining environmental justice. The prospects of EPIL in the Chinese setting are examined, taking into account the distinct legal environment and possible directions for future growth. In order to address the global character of climate concerns, international cooperation and legal processes are essential. The article ends by analyzing the opportunities and difficulties of adopting and enforcing the Chinese model of EPIL in transnational climate disputes. This thorough examination aims to further the conversation about human rights, climate justice, and the function of laws like EPIL in guaranteeing a sustainable and just future. EPIL foster global collaboration, apply environmental responsibility, raise public mindfulness, incentivize climate-friendly practices, uphold CBDR principles, and position nations as leaders in transnational climate action. By espousing, legalizing, and administering the Chinese mode of EPIL in international climate controversies, can be embarked on a path towards a world where responsibility is the foundation of climate action, where environmental rights are upheld as abecedarian mortal rights, and where justice transcends borders. legalizing and administering the Chinese mode of EPIL in international climate controversies requires the development of transnational agreements, the establishment of international climate courts, standardized procedures, data participating mechanisms, obligatory compliance, civil society participation, commercial responsibility norms, agreement options, monitoring, and global cooperation. This comprehensive approach can pave the way for the application of EPIL as an important tool for addressing climate justice on a global scale.

Purpose
Reciprocal abuse inside care practices remain under-studied due to their invisibility and further research is required. The purpose of this paper is to explore different levels of conflicts inside organisations.


Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a self-administered questionnaire filled out by care workers (n = 150), in 16 Portuguese care homes.


Findings
Results indicated that, overall, 54.7% of care workers had observed abuse, in their daily practice, in the preceding 12 months: 48.7% psychological; 36.0% neglectful care practices; 14.0% physical and 3.3% financial abuse. The figures decreased significantly as regards abuse committed themselves, with 16.7% of those admitting to having committed at least one of these behaviours. The highest figures were also recorded for psychological abuse (13.3%) and neglect (6.7%). However, there is a statistically significant relationship between abuse committed by care workers and abuse committed by residents. Overall, 52.0% of care workers reported having been the target of at least one such behaviour by residents.


Research limitations/implications
This paper has its limitations as the sample consisted of only 16 nursing homes (12 not-for-profit and 4 for-profit nursing homes). The fact that only 4 of the 16 LTC homes were for-profit is a potential limitation both in general and in particular because research has shown that lower quality of care and elder abuse and neglect are more common in for-profit nursing homes at least in Portugal. The results were also based on self-reported measures.


Practical implications
A reactive behaviour, the risk of retaliation, after a complaint, the difficulty in dealing with dementia and the residents' aggressive behaviour, an absence of a training and support policy in an environment where difficult working conditions prevail, are factors enhancing a reciprocal process of abuse. The analysis followed by a discussion of potential implications to prevent institutional elder abuse and neglect, based on communication and social recognition, including better working conditions and training, and a cooperative work environment.


Social implications
Conflict is much more than reducing an interpersonal relationship problem between residents and staff (care workers, professional staff, managers) and extending to the whole organisation. Therefore, there are still uncertainties on how organisations, staff and residents interact between themselves, and affect care practises.


Originality/value
Reciprocal abuse in nursing homes is an important area of research and this paper enabled a discussion of potential implications concerning the quality of care, which required the identification of levels of conflict, in an organisational system, including interactions, the context where care is provided, difficult working conditions, lack of training and levels of support. All these factors are important when considering elder abuse and neglect and this calls for special attention by policymakers and researchers.

ResumoAcidentes na infância são comuns de acontecer no ambiente escolar havendo a necessidade de conhecimentos prévios sobre primeiros socorros pelos professores da educação básica. A falta de conhecimento técnico-científico adequado pode levar a condutas inapropriadas no atendimento de crianças vítimas de acidentes, acarretando em sequelas e podendo evoluir para a morte. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar os conhecimentos sobre primeiros socorros de professores que atuam no ambiente escolar frente a situações de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de novembro de 2019, nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe Ciências da Saúde, Banco de Dados em Enfermagem e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde., utilizando-se os descritores em ciências da saúde: "Knowledge", "School teachers" e "First aid". Foram incluídos oito estudos, publicados no período de 2014-2019. Os educadores apresentam conhecimento inadequado sobre primeiros socorros diminuindo a chance dos alunos receberem assistência adequada em caso de acidente na escola. Faz-se importante o treinamento dos professores escolares quanto às práticas de primeiros socorros, assim como, o reconhecimento de ações voltadas para prevenção e promoção dos agravos na saúde do escolar, objetivando melhor qualidade de vida das crianças.
Palavras-chave: Primeiros Socorros. Saúde Escolar. Conhecimento. Professores Escolares.
AbstractAccidents in childhood are common to happen in the school environment with the need for prior knowledge about first aid by teachers of basic education. The lack of adequate technical-scientific knowledge can lead to inappropriate conduct in the care of children who are victims of accidents, resulting in sequelae and can evolve to death. This study aims to identify the knowledge about first aid by teachers who work in the school environment in the face of urgent and emergency situations. It is an integrative literature review. The research was carried out in the period of November 2019, in the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature Health Sciences, Nursing Database and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, through the Virtual Health Library., using the health science descriptors: "Knowledge", "School teachers" and "First aid". Eight studies, published in the period 2014-2019, were included. Educators have inadequate knowledge of first aid, decreasing the chance of students receiving adequate assistance in the event of an accident at school. It is important to train school teachers in first aid practices, as well as to recognize actions aimed at preventing and promoting health problems in schoolchildren, aiming at a better quality of life for children.
Keywords: First Aid. School Health. Knowledge. School Teachers.

Penanganan sampah sangatlah penting untuk membantu pemerintah dalam menangani permasalahan sampah di Indonesia. Dengan adanya penanganan sampah ini masyarakat merupakan bagian dari upaya pemerintah untuk menjalankan Implementasi Kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan didalam Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Sidoarjo Nomor 6 Tahun 2012 Tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Dan Retribusi Pelayanan Kebersihan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan penanganan sampah di Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif, dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis adalah teori implementasi menurut Donald S. Van Meter dan Carl E. Van Horn dalam Widodo (2013), meliputi ukuran dan tujuan kebijakan, sumberdaya, karakteristik agen pelaksana, sikap/kecenderungan pelaksana, komunikasi antarorganisasi dan aktivitas pelaksana, lingkungan sosial ekonomi politik. Penanganan sampah di Kecamatan Taman masih perlu banyak perbaikan di dalam pelaksanaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya implementasi kebijakan penanganan sampah bertujuan agar daerah Jl. Bringin Bendo bebas dari sampah liar dan bau sampah yang dapat mengganggu lingkungan warga. Bertujuan untuk mendisiplinkan masyarakat agar tidak ada TPS yang ilegal dan tidak ada pencemaran tempat maupun udara. Saran penelitian ini adalah Pemerintah memberikan pendekatan terhadap masing-masing organisasi pelaksana untuk saling bertukar pendapat dalam mencapai tujuan bersama, Kata kunci: implementasi kebijakan, penanganan sampah, pemerintah Waste handling is very important to assist the government in dealing with waste problems in Indonesia. With this waste management, the community is part of the government's efforts to carry out the implementation of policies that have been stipulated in the Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 6 of 2012 concerning Waste Management and Cleaning Service Retribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of waste management policies in Taman Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. The type of research used is descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The theory used to carry out the analysis is the theory of implementation according to Donald S. Van Meter and Carl E. Van Horn in Widodo (2013), which includes size and policy objectives, resources, characteristics of implementing agents, attitudes / trends of executing, communication between organizations and implementing activities, socio-economic and political environment. Waste handling in Taman Subdistrict still needs a lot of improvement in its implementation. The results showed that the implementation of waste management policies aimed at the Jl. Bringin Bendo is free from illegal trash and the smell of garbage that can disturb the environment of residents. Aim to discipline the community so that there are no illegal polling stations and no pollution of places or air. The suggestion of this research is that the government provides an approach to each implementing organization to exchange opinions in achieving common goals. Keywords: policy implementation, waste handling, government