Legal responses to trafficking in women for sexual exploitation in the European Union
In: Modern studies in European law v. 14
1. Introduction 1 -- 1.1. THE BACKGROUND, AIM AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK -- 1.2. DIVERGENCE, CONVERGENCE AND COUNTRY STUDIES -- 1.3. SOME COMMENTS ON TERMINOLOGY AND THE NATURE OF THE PROBLEM -- 2. Feminism, Prostitution and Trafficking: A Complex Approach -- 2.1. THE BACKGROUND: SEXUAL SLAVERY AND SEX WORK REVISITED -- 2.2. TALKING ABOUT TRAFFICKING: DEBATES AND DEFINITIONS -- 2.3. TOWARDS A MORE COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING? -- 3. EC Free Movement Law, Freedom and Prostitution -- 3.1. NOTIONS OF FREEDOM AND THE LEGAL REGULATION OF PROSTITUTION -- 3.2. FREEDOM IN EUROPEAN LAW -- 3.2.1. The Common (Sex) Market? Freedom and Prostitution in EC Law -- 3.2.2. Some Girls are Freer Than Others: EC Law and its Outsiders -- 3.3. CONCLUSIONS -- 4. Trafficking as Irregular Migration -- 4.1. THE EUROPEAN MIGRATION POLICY CONTEXT -- 4.1.1. Crowded Houses, People's Homes or Fortress(es in) Europe -- 4.1.2. (Im)Migration Policy Dilemmas and the European Union -- 4.2. FEMALE MIGRANTS, MIGRATION POLICIES AND EXPLOITATION -- 4.2.1. From Structural Causes to Exploitative Situations -- 4.2.2. Helping Trafficking Victims through Short-term Residence Permits? -- 4.3. CONCLUSIONS -- 5. Criminal Justice Co-Operation Against Trafficking -- 5.1. TRAFFICKING OFFENCES IN THE MEMBER STATES -- 5.1.1. On the Goals and Contents of the Criminal Provisions -- 5.1.2. Applying the Laws: Female Caricatures and Invisible Men -- 5.2. TRAFFICKING AND THE THIRD PILLAR -- 5.2.1. Harmonising or Not-Repressive Emphasis with Vague Results -- 5.2.2. Anti-trafficking Co-operation: Security, Justice or Freedom? -- 5.3. CONCLUSIONS -- 6. Trafficking and Human Rights -- 6.1. FEMALE MIGRANTS AND INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS -- 6.1.1. Actual Victims of Trafficking: Included if Invisible? -- 6.1.2. Potential Victims of Trafficking: Marginalisation of the Marginalised? -- 6.2. EXCLUSION OF MIGRANT WOMEN FROM DEBATES ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS -- 6.3. THE EUROPEAN UNION'S HUMAN RIGHTS DIMENSION -- 6.4. CONCLUSIONS -- 7. Towards a More Comprehensive Approach to Trafficking? -- 7.1. ANTI-TRAFFICKING IN THE SHORT TO MEDIUM TERM -- 7.2. PREVENTING TRAFFICKING IN WOMEN IN THE LONG RUN -- 7.2.1. Development, Migration and Gender Empowerment -- 7.2.2. Sexual Ideologies and the Market for Sexual Services -- 7.3. FINAL REMARKS