Suchergebnisse

The first account of the relationship between religion and the constitutional order of the EU, dealing with the key questions of religious freedom and the institutional role of religion and addressing the issues that are at the centre of public debate in Europe, such as the compatibility of Islam with European models of liberal democracy

1. States of democracy : an overview / Yvonne Galligan -- 2. Formulating the Goods and Services Directive in the European Union : a lost opportunity for gender equality? / Yvonne Galligan and Sara Clavero -- 3. Topographies of gender democracy in Austria / Nora Gresch and Birgit Sauer -- 4. States of gender democracy : variations on a theme in Finland / Hanna-Kaisa Hoppania and Anne Maria Holli -- 5. Gender expectations and state inertia : the case of Greece / Yota Papageorgiou -- 6. 'Making a sow's ear from a silk purse' : gender democracy in Hungary / Roza Vajda -- 7. National and European gender equality legislation : a mismatch of agendas and hesitant feminism in Lithuania / Irmina Matonyte -- 8. Gender democracy in Poland : an empty shell / Katarzyna Zielinska -- 9. Gender democracy in Spain : undemocratic compliance and the domestication of European law / Sara Clavero -- 10. Why democracy? On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the European Union / Cathrine Holst.

A comparative and comprehensive account of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with the power of constitutional review. This monograph addresses the incidences of, and reasons for, constitutional clashes in the application and enforcement of EU law.

The character of international trade has changed dramatically over the past twenty years. Previously published as a special issue of The Journal of European Public Policy, this volume provides a 'state of the art' study of the new trade politics.

"According to the European Commission, two recent policies: the Digital Service Act and the Digital Market Act will allow for the regulation of a significant part of the EU Digital Single Market (DSM), to an extent similar to the creation of the traditional internal market in the early 1990s. The provisions are intended to improve conditions in the EU DSM to ensure that the market is as free and fair as it is safe for users of the digital economy. This interdisciplinary book analyses the impact of digital technologies on specific markets and, more broadly, the society and the economy. It identifies and assesses the different features, challenges, trends and dimensions of the EU DSM, from a legal and economic viewpoint, and also from a Polish perspective. Poland is presented as one of the EU countries participating in the creation of the EU DSM and is analysed alongside the average, as well as the best and the worst performing EU member states and compared with other non-EU members. The book addresses several broad areas in which the implications of digitalisation are particularly visible, and which are important to the "average" person: giant online platforms, freedom of speech, e-commerce, digital levy, energy infrastructure, and the labour market. The authors have presented opportunities and threats related to the functioning of the digital market. These opportunities and threats are typical of highly developed countries while reflecting the specific features of the EU DSM. The starting point of the considerations are the diverse experiences of the EU member states. The book adds a voice to the public debate on the role of the digital economy in the contemporary world and will be a useful guide for students and researchers in economics, law, and international relations"--

The birth of the European idea finds its descendance from the negative consequences created by the catastrophic menace of the Second World War. The West European Union (WEU), founded in 1954 as Europe's defensive arm against the German or the Soviet threat, proved more helpful in the cause for European integration rather than towards the aim of its inception. Nevertheless, as the forces of history worked their way, the WEU played a role of no lesser importance. According to this frame of thought the WEU functioned as the archetype on which the EU was based, supporting on varying levels of cooperation and actions in an effective manner the very cause of European integration. ; peer-reviewed

The issue of 'reverse discrimination' is a topical subject, particularly in the field of family reunification. Reverse discrimination occurs when a European Union (EU) citizen in a 'purely internal situation' is treated less favourably than an EU citizen of another nationality whose situation is largely governed by EU law. Reverse Discrimination in the European Union offers an up-to-date standard reference work on reverse discrimination. Part I of this book analyses the issue of reverse discrimination from an EU perspective. In particular, it questions whether reverse discrimination falls within the scope of application of Member State law or whether it falls within the ambit of EU law. Subsequently, it discusses the interpretation of the 'purely internal situation' doctrine on the basis of the case law of the European Court of Justice, giving special attention to recent developments since the controversial Ruiz Zambrano judgment. Although reverse discrimination is of interest from the perspective of the Member States, it is still mostly studied from the viewpoint of the EU. To address this, Part II looks at reverse discrimination in five Member States, namely Belgium, France, Italy, Germany and Austria. The focus lies on the ground(s) on which the national authorities decide whether or not to allow stricter treatment of purely internal situations. Finally, Part III analyses specific instances of reverse discrimination in federally structured Member States, from the perspective of both EU law and Belgian and German law

A poster presentation regarding the availability of reimbursable oncology medicines in European Union member states. Introduction: Oncology medicines are among the costliest of all medicines. Most European Union (EU) member states make decisions to reimburse oncology medicines based on national lists of reimbursable medicines, called positive lists. Aims: ▫ To compare the availability of reimbursable oncology medicines between EU member states. ▫ To determine if a relationship exists between the amount of reimbursable oncology medicines and the member states' economic situation. ; N/A

`This is a most welcome contribution to current discourses on democratising the European polity. Warleigh's thought-provoking analysis, by drawing from a rich spectrum of normative theorizing and empirical sources, produces sharp insights and a valuable reference tool for anyone interested in the governance and polity of Europe' - Dimitris N Chryssochoou, University of Exeter. `Warleigh's theoretically sophisticated and empirically rich inquisition of the nature and evolution of democratic reform in the European Union will be an important addition to the literature. This book is neither euro-s

"Europe 2020- A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth" is a long term programme of socio- economic development of European Union for 2010 – 2020. The present study is to examine the process of implementation of Europe 2020 Strategy indicators as regards social exclusion and poverty combating in Poland and other EU countries, as well as setting trends in this area and forecasting the objectives implementation period for the EU as a whole and for Poland individually. Another objective of the research is categorizing the EU countries as regards the similar level of measures describing the social exclusion phenomenon by means of TOPSIS and Ward's methods. The research period is 2005-2015. ; "Europa 2020" – pažangaus, tvaraus ir integracinio augimo strategija – tai socioekonominė Europos Sąjungos valstybių vystymosi programa 2010-2020 metams. Ši strategija pakeitė Lisabonos strategiją, kuri buvo įgyvendinama 2000-2010 metais. Strategija Europa 2020 – tai reakcija į ekonominę 2008-2009 metų krizę ir bandymas išvengti panašių krizių ateityje. Ši strategija atitinka ilgalaikius Europos uždavinius, susijusius su globalizacija, gyventojų senėjimu ar didėjančiu poreikiu racionaliai naudoti išteklius. Šiame darbe buvo nagrinėjami Strategijos Europa 2020 įgyvendinimo rodikliai, tokie kaip socialinė atskirtis ir kovojimas su skurdu Lenkijoje ir kitose ES šalyse. Tyrimo laikotarpis apėmė 2005-2015 metus. Taikant TOPSIS ir Ward metodus, ES šalys buvo suskirstytos pagal panašias priemones, apibrėžiančias skurdo ir socialinės atskirties reiškinius. Įverčiai, rodantys skurdo pasireiškimo pavojų, priskirti Čekijos, Slovakijos, Prancūzijos ir Austrijos šalims, parodė, kad šios šalys patiria mažiausią skurdo lygį visoje Europos Sąjungoje. Tačiau Bulgarija, Rumunija, Graikija, Latvija ir Vengrija yra šalys, turinčios didžiausią šio reiškinio mastą. Skurdo rodiklis Lenkijoje yra beveik lygus ES vidurkiui (Lenkija - 23,4%; ES -27 23,7%). Lenkijoje yra pastebimas skurdo ir socialinės atskirties situacijos gerėjimas. Tą patvirtina analizuojamų rodiklių vertės pagerėjimas ir vieta, kurią Lenkija užima ES struktūroje.

The paper analyzes the input-output structure of European economy in 2010, based on six main economic sectors, for better characterizing the backward and forward linkages of inter-industrial economic flows. The changes of final demand and of sectoral production can be analyzed in the propagation processes, allowing to know the behavior at macroeconomic level of European economy. The common economic policies at European level can be undertaken to keep the equilibrium between different sectors, to stimulate the sectors with high levels of productivity, to ensure the efficiency of using the resources, and the sustainability of economic development, which are the purposes of a smart development. ; peer-reviewed