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Unlike much of the literature on Venezuela in the Chávez period, this book shifts focus away from 'top down' perspectives to examine how Venezuelan folksinger Alí Primera (1942-1985) became intertwined with Venezuelan politics, both during his lifetime and posthumously. Alí's 'Necessary Songs' offered cultural resources that enabled Chávez to connect with pre-existing patterns of grassroots activism in ways that resonated deeply with the poor and marginalised masses. Official support for Alí's legacy led the songs to be used in new ways in the Chávez period, as Venezuelans actively engaged with them to redefine themselves in relation to the state and to reach new understandings of their place within a changed society. This book is essential reading not only for those interested in popular music and politics, but for all those seeking to better understand how Chávez was able to successfully identify himself so profoundly with the Venezuelan masses, and they with him

Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction: In the Shadow of Beat City? Metal on Merseyside -- Metal in Liverpool -- Liverpool in Metal -- Approaching Metal on Merseyside: Reflections on Methodology -- References -- Discography -- Chapter 2: From Troggs to Headbangers: The Historical Development of Metal on Merseyside -- Early Years: 1969-1976 -- Liverpool and the Emergence of Heavy Rock: A Minority Interest? -- Heavy Rock and Subcultural Tensions -- O'Connor's Tavern -- The Liverpool Stadium -- The Moonstone and Liverpool's Pub Rock Scene -- Stable Foundations for a Live Heavy Rock and Metal Scene: 1977-Early 2000s -- The Liverpool Empire -- The Liverpool Royal Court -- From the Moonstone to Milo's -- Sloanes/the Krazyhouse -- The Swan, Wilsons and the Importance of Wood Street -- The Gallery/Stairways -- Planet X -- Shops and Spaces for "Hanging Out" -- Conclusion: Community, Stability and the Nurturing of Scenes -- References -- Chapter 3: Shaken Foundations? Venues and a Changing Live Music Scene -- An Ecological Perspective on Live Music -- Metal on Merseyside in the Post-millennium Era: A Shifting Scene -- Whiplash Promotions 2001-2013 -- The Post-Whiplash Era and the Rise of New DIY Venues -- The Loss of Venues -- Regeneration and Gentrification -- The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Live Music Venues -- Placing Changes into a Broader Context: Changing Economics of Live Music and the Success of Manchester's Arenas -- The Limits of Ecology -- References -- Chapter 4: "Support your Scene": Metal Scenes, Solidarity and the Threat of Decline -- Subcultures and Scenes -- Scene Beginnings: Beyond the Public -- The Extreme Metal Scene in Liverpool: Community, Inclusivity and Resilience -- A Lack of Unity? Divisions and Separate Metal Scenes.

Research into youth subcultures grew out of US sociology in the 1930-1940, & became an important part of German sociology in the early 1960s. Its themes have included parent-child relations, peer groups as buffer zones, socialization, the function of subcultures in providing emotional security, political orientations, & pathology/criminology. Today it is more appropriate to use the term youth cultures due to several developments, including increased societal differentiation & individualization, the destructuring of cultural forms, mass media transmission of youth subcultures, cultural commercialization, the dehierarchization & diversification of cultural practices, the depoliticization of youth subcultures, & the decline of high culture. 51 References. Adapted from the source document.

This book is a collection of essays highlighting different disciplinary, topical, and practical approaches to the study of kink and popular culture. The volume is written by both academics and practitioners, bringing the essays a special perspective not seen in other volumes. Essays included examine everything from Nina Hartley fan letters to kink shibari witches to kink tourism in a South African prison. The focus is not just on kink as a sexual practice, but on kink as a subculture, as a way of living, and as a way of seeing popular culture in new and interesting ways. Amber R. Clifford-Napoleone is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the McClure Archives and University Museum at the University of Central Missouri, USA. She is the author of two monographs, Queerness in Heavy Metal (2015) and Queering the Inferno (2018). Her interests include identity development, music scenes and spaces, and popular culture.

Political theory in the field of comparative politics generally -- although not in comparative judicial behavior particularly -- has moved in the direction of examining consociational models of national cultural political structure & process, which necessarily involves inquiry into subcultures defined by language ethnicity as well as by social groups. Data are presented from interviews with judges & law clerks in Switzerland (N = 41) & judges only in South Africa (N = 40). The surveys were designed to permit cross-cultural analysis of the effects of language subcultures on social groups, & judicial structure & behavior in both a prototypically consociational polity (Switzerland) & a highly polarized polity (South Africa). 6 Figures. Modified HA.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Livre no mundo/ Free in the world -- Contributors -- Introduction - Fragmented connectivity in lusophone diasporic spaces (Rosana Martins & -- Massimo Canevacci) -- Portugal -- 1 - Representation and the sense of belonging in São Paulo and Lisbon (Rosana Martins) -- 2 - Graffiti, visual culture and ethnicity: the black neighbourhood of Kova da Moura (Ricardo Campos) -- 3 - Spaces of representation: Identity, otherness and transformation in Portuguese hip-hop (Teresa Fradique) -- 4 - The sampling of Lisbon: Hip-hop and the lusophone imagination (Jorge de La Barre) -- Brazil -- 5 - B-boys (Rio de Janeiro) and rappers (Lisbon) in search of recognition: a brief comparison (Otávio Raposo) -- 6 - PiXação: In praise of the strength and 'useless' beauties of Brazilian youth (Gustavo Coelho) -- 7 - 'Manos e Minas': The TV show (Rosana Martins & -- Claudia Garrocini) -- 8 - Urban quilombo: Maranhão's hip-hop, the periphery and 'Africanness' (Ana Stela Cunha & -- Rosenverck Estrela Santos) -- 9 - 'Os anos de chumbo': Grupo Tupinãodá and the possibilities of street art for resistance (Holly Eva Ryan) -- Africa -- 10 - Chronotope identification in kriolu rap (Derek Pardue) -- 11 - Rap and the representation of public space in Praia City (Redy Wilson Lima) -- 12 - Who has the word?: MC Azagaia's intervention into past and politics in Mozambique (Anna Pöysä & -- Janne Rantala) -- 13 - Hip-hop in Angola Social intervention rap (Gilson Lázaro & -- Osvaldo Silva) -- 14 - From radios to stages Juvenile political participation and dissent through rap (Miguel de Barros) -- Conclusion - Performative metropolis Self-representation, expanded codex, digital culture, trans-urban subject (Massimo Canevacci) -- Index.

In this book, Spracklen and Spracklen use the idea of collective memory to explore the controversies and boundary-making surrounding the genesis and progression of the modern gothic alternative culture. They suggest that the only way for goth culture to survive is if it becomes transgressive and radical again

1. This study of surfing -- 2. Pleasure and discipline : a surfing history -- 3. Resistance and incorporation : contemporary surfing life -- 4. Risk, self and social configurations -- 5. Fear, desire and a postmodern sublime -- 6. Commodification, reflexivity and trust : the surfing culture industry -- 7. Aestheticization and sportization : towards synthesis -- 8. Conclusions.