Suchergebnisse

Background Many of society's health problems require research-based knowledge acted on by healthcare practitioners together with implementation of political measures from governmental agencies. However, there has been limited knowledge exchange between implementation science and policy implementation research, which has been conducted since the early 1970s. Based on a narrative review of selective literature on implementation science and policy implementation research, the aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of policy implementation research, analyze key similarities and differences between this field and implementation science, and discuss how knowledge assembled in policy implementation research could inform implementation science. Discussion Following a brief overview of policy implementation research, several aspects of the two fields were described and compared: the purpose and origins of the research; the characteristics of the research; the development and use of theory; determinants of change (independent variables); and the impact of implementation (dependent variables). The comparative analysis showed that there are many similarities between the two fields, yet there are also profound differences. Still, important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research, including issues related to the influence of the context of implementation and the values and norms of the implementers (the healthcare practitioners) on implementation processes. Relevant research on various associated policy topics, including The Advocacy Coalition Framework, Governance Theory, and Institutional Theory, may also contribute to improved understanding of the difficulties of implementing evidence in healthcare. Implementation science is at a relatively early stage of development, and advancement of the field would benefit from accounting for knowledge beyond the parameters of the immediate implementation science literature. Summary There are many common issues in policy implementation research and implementation science. Research in both fields deals with the challenges of translating intentions into desired changes. Important learning may be derived from several aspects of policy implementation research.

The authors outline the conditions for the importation of social democracy into Latin America, the influence of Latin American social democrats, and their connections with the Socialist International and social democratic parties in power in the region

No fim dos anos 1990, surgiram em diversos países sedes dos encontros das organizações internacionais manifestações de oposição à financeirização da economia e das políticas neoliberais, resultando no início de um novo movimento autodenominado altermundialista. Das marchas de protestos cada vez mais constantes nasceu o projeto do Fórum Social Mundial (2001). O altermundialismo foi apresentado por grande parte da literatura como um movimento novo, plural, não-hierárquico, transnacional, transclassista e pós-material. A proposta deste artigo é problematizar essas teses, redimensionando-as a partir da análise do caso da ATTAC (Associação pela Tributação das Transações Financeiras para o Apoio aos Cidadãos), uma das entidades mais implicadas e identificadas com o movimento. Para tanto, buscou-se aqui pensar de maneira articulada o programa político da associação; sua composição e forma de organização à luz das transformações em curso com o avanço do neoliberalismo. Sem perder de vista a importância da confluência altermundialista na legibilidade do processo de constituição e atuação da ATTAC, a análise detida do seu caso colocou em evidencia: a) a forte homogeneidade social da associação; b) a relação com estruturas organizacionais "tradicionais", como o sindicato; c) a dinâmica interna contrastando inúmeras vezes com o discurso da horizontalidade; d) a importância da reconfiguração das relações laborais na mobilização dos seus integrantes; e) a forte base nacional da sua atuação.

"The ability to perform innovation is dependent upon the way in which the relevant actors are organized. This becomes of particular importance when emphasis is on experience-based innovation, on the ability of the wider social context to support innovation, and on the need to create innovation that can meet the demand for social responsibility. This contribution traces the development of a research tradition where the point of departure was research-driven experiments with alternative forms of work organization but which has become subject to a communicative turn as well as a turn towards change that can involve many actors simultaneously. In its present shape the tradition emerges as a distributive set of activities with the idea of democratic dialogue as the core and a strong emphasis on notions like networks and regions. This research tradition has played a major role in establishing Scandinavia as the leading area for 'learning organization' in Europe. The article concludes by discussing some of the challenges facing 'bottom-up' change in working life today: the increasing dominance of centrally managed systems thinking, a possible reduction in influence from the labor market parties and an associated breakdown of the strong links between the local and the central and, third, difficulties associated with integrating and giving a society level profile to a pattern of distributive research." (author's abstract)

Introduction / Mel Gray and Stephen Webb -- pt. 1. Theorists. Jürgen Habermas / Stan Houston ; Anthony Giddens / Harry Ferguson ; Pierre Bourdieu / Paul Michael Garrett ; Michel Foucault / Jason L. Powell ; Judith Butler / Brid Featherstone and Lorraine Green -- pt. 2. Theories. Attachment theory / David Howe ; Feminist social work / Joan Orme ; Critical social work / Mel Gray and Stephen Webb ; Structural social work / Kate M. Murray and Steven F. Hick ; Multiculturalism / Purnima Sundar and Mylan Ly ; Neoliberalism / Sue Penna and Martin O'Brien ; Postmodernism / Barbara Fawcett -- pt. 3. Perspectives for practice. Cognitive-behavioural approach / Eric L. Garland and Bruce A. Thyer ; Ecological approach / Fred H. Besthorn ; Social network analysis / Deirdre Kirke ; Ethnography / Jerry Floersch, Jeffrey L. Longhofer and Megan Nordquest Schwallie ; Ethnomethodology / Gerard de Montigny ; Discourse and reflexive practice / Sue White ; Evidence-based practice / Debbie Plath ; Ways of knowing / Ian Shaw

Planned and edited by Miss Jeannette M. Elder. cf. Introd. ; Reproduced from type-written copy. ; Loose-leaf. ; At head of title: State of Iowa, Dept. of social welfare. ; Mode of access: Internet.

L'emergència de les xarxes de moviments socials com a formes noves de l'acció col·lectiva no solament té a veure amb l'apropiació de les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació per part d'activistes, artistes i programadors, sinó amb la recerca de formes d'organització no jeràrquiques i amb un ideal democràtic i horitzontal: l'eutopia de la xarxa, aquesta utopia actuada aquí i ara. Des de la dècada dels noranta, els activistes dedicats a tasques de comunicació van usar Internet com una eina favorable a la difusió transnacional de les causes dels moviments socials. L'ús lúdic i llibertari de les tecnologies digitals iniciat pels primers programadors i hacktivistes s'ha aprofundit a partir d'experiències concretes que sorprenen en la seva irrupció i que contrasten amb el desenvolupament d'estratègies tecnològiques per al control social i per al profit econòmic. En aquest article es caracteritzen les xarxes activistes com a formes emergents de la política i s'ofereixen alguns exemples de les seves pràctiques comunicatives. ; The rise of social movement networks as innovative platforms of collective action is not only linked to the fact that activists, artists and programmers are seizing information and communications technology but also to the pursuit of non-hierarchical forms of organization and to a democratic and horizontal ideal: a present-day net eutopia. Since the nineties, activists working in communications used the Internet as a tool to spread social movements worldwide. The ludic and libertarian use of digital technologies introduced by the first programmers and hackers has notably increased as can be proven by astonishingly irruptive experiences contrasting with the development of technological strategies as a means of social control and economic exploitation. This paper treats activist networks as emerging forms of politics by presenting their communicative practices. ; La emergencia de las redes de movimientos sociales como formas novedosas de la acción colectiva no solo tiene que ver con la apropiación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación por parte de activistas, artistas y programadores, sino con la búsqueda de formas de organización no jerárquicas y con un ideal democrático y horizontal: la eutopía de la red, esa utopía actuada aquí y ahora. Desde la década de los noventa, los activistas dedicados a tareas de comunicación usaron Internet como una herramienta favorable a la difusión transnacional de las causas de los movimientos sociales. El uso lúdico y libertario de las tecnologías digitales iniciado por los primeros programadores y hacktivistas se ha profundizado a partir de experiencias concretas que sorprenden en su irrupción y que contrastan con el desarrollo de estrategias tecnológicas para el control social y para el provecho económico. En este artículo se caracteriza a las redes activistas como formas emergentes de la política y se ofrecen algunos ejemplos de sus prácticas comunicativas.

Almost all democratic societies evolved socially and politically out of authoritarian and nondemocratic regimes. These changes not only altered the allocation of economic resources in society but also the structure of political power. In this paper, we develop a framework for studying the dynamics of political and social change. The society consists of agents that care about current and future social arrangements and economic allocations; allocation of political power determines who has the capacity to implement changes in economic allocations and future allocations of power. The set of available social rules and allocations at any point in time is stochastic. We show that political and social change may happen without any stochastic shocks or as a result of a shock destabilizing an otherwise stable social arrangement. Crucially, the process of social change is contingent (and history-dependent): the timing and sequence of stochastic events determine the long-run equilibrium social arrangements. For example, the extent of democratization may depend on how early uncertainty about the set of feasible reforms in the future is resolved.