Suchergebnisse

Today people see a lively interest in plumbing the depths of knowledge. Daniel Kahneman (2011) tells of thinking fast and slow, and Jonathan Haidt (2012) distinguishes minds awake and asleep. In this article, the author considers their knowledge in relation to the tasks for which they use it. By admitting the complexity of the things to be known and by appreciating the richness of knowledge per se, they better assess the adequacy of the knowledge they actually have. The knowledge critique of governmentalization is certainly alive among classical liberals today. One of the curious aspects of knowledge is that as they plumb its depths, they never seem to get to a bottom. Knowledge has its counterpart in action, and their actions emerge from their normative judgments in personal policymaking. On those two steps the author proposes to bring to the traditional Hayekian knowledge problem a prism of Smithian moral analysis. Adapted from the source document.

Although postcommunist countries share a common past, the variability of outcomes in both democracy and economic reform is very large in the region. Only a few countries have become Western-type democracies in Central and Eastern Europe and the Baltic. By contrast, the norm is clearly not democracy for other Soviet successor states. In this article, the author attributes this variation to differences in the infrastructural capacity of the state. Using both quantitative and qualitative analyses within 26 postcommunist countries, the author argues that for democracy to flourish, the state must first possess the necessary means to maintain law and order and to protect the rights of citizens, in other words, to ensure the maintenance and delivery of essential public goods. The results show that the links between a strong state that has been able to apply a definitive set of rules and democratic institutions are clear. (author's abstract)

В российской истории большинство идеологических течений можно условно разделить на «славянофильские» и «западнические». Те иррациональные установки, которые исповедуют эти два непримиримых лагеря, автор обозначает как «славянофильский» и «западнический» политические мифы. В рамках данной статьи будет рассмотрено преломление «западнического» и «славянофильского» мифов применительно к политике реформирования российской системы образования. Автором также даются практические рекомендации по ведению эффективной информационной политики в рамках реформировании российской системы образования. ; In Russian history the most of ideological trends can be conditionally divided into «slavophilism» and «westernism». Those irrational purposes which are confessed by these two uncompromising camps are designated by the author as «slavophilism» and «westernism» political myths. Within the framework of this article the interpretation of these myths will be considered as applied to the reforming policy of Russian educational system. The author gives the practical recommendations how to carry out the effective information policy within the framework of reforming the Russian modern educational system.

В данной статье проанализирован опыт оренбургских детских библиотекарей по организации краеведческой деятельности и изданию брошюр, буклетов и памяток, посвященных истории создания объектов культурного наследия мемориального назначения, муниципальных памятных мест и сооружений, иных региональных памятников. Автором описывается содержательная часть данного проекта, а также дается оценка его значимости и перспективности в связи с усилением внимания государства к проблемам учета, сохранения, популяризации и изучения военно-мемориальных объектов. ; In this article the author analyzes the experience of Orenburg childish librarians at organization of activity of local lore and edition of brochures, booklets and instructions devoted to the history of creation of cultural heritage objects of memorial function, municipal memorable places and constructions and other regional monuments. Also the author describes containing part of this project and gives the appraisal of its concernment and availability in connection with strengthening of a state attention to the problems of calculation, preservation, popularization and studying of military-memorial objects.

This thesis explores the thought and philosophy of Dr. Thomas Szasz, paternalistic practices in the field of psychiatry, Szasz's political and ethical stance on involuntary confinement and suicide prevention, and their philosophical considerations in relation to utilitarianism and libertarianism. Thomas Szasz is probably the most outspoken and passionate critic of the current state of modern psychiatry in our society. This project is a collection of thoughts, ideas, and historic as well as contemporary realities; it is also a narrative: a personal, psychological, and philosophical trilogy that presents: 1. A background of how the author came to be in this position 2. A brief historical note about the subject, 3. An isolated presentation of the philosophical ideas that will be useful in the exploration of this topic (in two parts), and 4. Concluding remarks of the discussion. The author does not aim to prove or disprove anyone in the thesis. Rather, the project attempts to encourage, rather than stifle, further discussion.

"Development Aid has been facing harsh criticism throughout the past decades. Even after half a century of assistance to underdeveloped countries, aims and objectives have not been met and progress has come to a hault, outspoken critics like Axelle Kabou and Dambisa Moyo proclaimed. Their concern was not only addressed at previous development approaches, but rather questioned the general idea of aid as an instrument to improve life quality in regions such as Sub-Saharan-Africa. Below the author reviews this criticism and points out some of its misconceptions concerning the asserted demands of Development Aid. He goes on to reflect on current and future scenarios on what may constitute reasonable assistance to countries in need. By not dwelling on either the valid criticism or the irrefutable achievements of Development Aid, but instead outlining resent paradigm changes, the author helps to give an overview to a broad and often emotionally charged discourse." (author's abstract)

"The author concentrates on the important tactical and strategic impacts of Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) for 21st century power relations. Taking recent military experiences as a starting point, he outlines how UAVs are already changing the ways air power is gained and exercised by Western and non-Western militaries, e.g. by using drones for better battlefield awareness. He sketches out likely future developments within this important field and shows that drones are set to fundamentally alter the traditionally air power hierarchy as they allow for military air assets that are cheaper (compared to the costs of traditional jets and Bombers) and easier to manufacture (particularly due to dual-use technologies) - something that particularly benefits developing countries. Given the rising global demand for drones and the increasingly tougher industrial competition, the author concludes with a call for a stronger European cooperation in order to avoid failing behind militarily and technologically." (author's abstract)

This article is focussed on the problem of economic-statistical calculations and includes an economic-statistical research of economic fluctuations. The author also discusses the rules for statistical identification of economic welfare, economic development features of Lithuania after it became a member of the European Union. The notion of specific economic indicators, their classification issues, and the role and place of economic indicators presenting a systemic view of the country's economy through identification of economic activities and their development are also discussed. The article deals also with the methodologies based on various statistical methods and offers a methodology for revealing the components of economic fluctuations. A common notion is that the methodologies using analytical time series smoothed with the least squares method for revealing economic fluctuation components are best. The author proposes a methodology for calculating and evaluating the components of economic fluctuations, based on gross domestic product data.

This article is focussed on the problem of economic-statistical calculations and includes an economic-statistical research of economic fluctuations. The author also discusses the rules for statistical identification of economic welfare, economic development features of Lithuania after it became a member of the European Union. The notion of specific economic indicators, their classification issues, and the role and place of economic indicators presenting a systemic view of the country's economy through identification of economic activities and their development are also discussed. The article deals also with the methodologies based on various statistical methods and offers a methodology for revealing the components of economic fluctuations. A common notion is that the methodologies using analytical time series smoothed with the least squares method for revealing economic fluctuation components are best. The author proposes a methodology for calculating and evaluating the components of economic fluctuations, based on gross domestic product data.

The author of the paper presents some critical opinions (including her own) on Habermas'
conception of language and discourse. At the same time she strives to explain the main
controversies which arise from Habermas' key categories. For example Habermas seems to
compare the structure of society with the structure of language, underlining the importance of
common practice of speech acts. But is there still any room for such communicative activity in the
modern postindustrial world? And, first of all, must we really concentrate all our efforts on
promoting the communicative rationality? The results of universalization principle, as well as the
interrelations between communicative action and discourse (both highlighted in the paper) belong
to other problems of Habermas' philosophy. The paper discusses weak points or even
inconsistencies which can be noticed in these conceptions. Finally the author reflects on
Habermas' ideal speech situation and on "the utopia touch" in Habermas' seemingly practical
concepts.

Автором статьи анализируются проблемы толкования такого условия освобождения от уголовной ответственности за преступления, предусмотренные статьями 222, 223 УК РФ, как отсутствие в действиях виновного лица иного состава преступления. По результатам проведенного исследования делается вывод о необходимости внесения изменений в действующее уголовное законодательство в порядке его совершенствования, в частности предлагается новая редакция примечаний к статьям 222 и 223 УК РФ. ; The author of this article studies the problems of interpretation of such a condition of the relief from criminal responsibility for the crimes under Sections 222, 223 of the Russian Criminal Code as the absence the other crime in the actions of the perpetrator. As a result of this research the author comes to the conclusion of the necessity to change the current criminal legislation for its improvement. In particular the new version of the notes to the Sections 222, 223 of the Russian Criminal Code is suggested.

Рассматривается время возникновения и дальнейшее формирование, развитие российского уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера, применяемых к психически больным лицам, совершившим уголовно наказуемые деяния в дореволюционной России, а также формулируются основные этапы его становления. Кроме того, анализируются труды ученых (учебные пособия по уголовному праву, диссертации, монографии и т.п.), посвященные изучению историографии российского уголовного законодательства о принудительных мерах медицинского характера, и приводятся результаты собственных исследований автора. ; In article time of occurrence both the further formation, and development of the Russian criminal legislation on the forced measures of medical character applied to mentally sick persons, made penal acts in pre-revolutionary Russia is considered, and also the basic stages of its formation are formulated. Besides, in article the author analyzes works of scientists (manuals on criminal law, dissertations, monographies, etc.) the historiographies of the Russian criminal legislation devoted to studying about forced measures of medical character and results of own researches of the author are resulted.

The financial intermediation system has been characterized by the emergence of new subjects and instruments modifying its organization. The development of the shadow banking system parallel to the traditional one has led to the demand, during the recent period of financial crisis, for a more efficient control to weather the growing systemic risk. This changing context leads the Author to consider some essential profiles of the monetary nature of the capitalist economy. Specifically, a need is perceived to reinterpret recent events in the light of the credit nature of money and the endogenous character of its supply, aspects on which scholars of the Keynesian school have long focused their attention. The Author considers particularly useful the indications deriving from the monetary production theory, especially with reference to the distinction among the various forms of financing, to understand such changes and adopt suitable strategies to handle them.

"To build an argument for the supervening importance of agenda, the author locates the digital humanities within the context of a central human predicament: the anxiety of identity stemming from the problematic relation of human to non-human, both animal and machine. He identifies modeling as the fundamental activity of the digital humanities and draws a parallel between it and our developing confrontation with the not-us. The author then goes on to argue that the demographics of infrastructure within the digital humanities, therefore in part its emphasis, is historically due to the socially inferior role assigned to those who in the early years found para-academic employment in service to the humanities. He does not specify an agenda, rather conclude that modeling, pursued within its humane context, offers a cornucopia of agenda if only the 'mind-forged manacles' of servitude' s mind-set can be broken." (author's abstract)

The collapse of communism has had an enormous influence on the development of Central and Eastern European states. Although, the transition period in these countries was accompanied by several distinctive features, all these states had a general orientation to the west. This was the case in Romania too, which saw transition to democracy as a "return to Europe", and specifically accession to the European Union. The author strongly believes that the leitmotif of democratic transformations in Romania is its orientation and accession to the European Union, which is why the author will investigate its impact on constitutional reforms in the country. However, it is beyond the framework of this article to cover all areas of social, political and economic life of Romania, where there have been significant changes as a result of the EU's influence, so I have focused only on minority rights, as this issue is very important for maintaining stability and democracy in the region.