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The escalation of violence committed by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) guerrillas against noncombatant civilians triggered a shift in the theoretical orientation of scholars who study Colombia's political economy. While previous explanations emphasized the sociopolitical "grievances" underlying guerrilla activities, recent explanations emphasize the "greed" motive, including guerrilla involvement in Colombia's illegal narcotics trade. In this article, the author posits an alternative explanation using Charles Tilly's theories of state formation to explain FARC activities in Caquetá, Colombia. Drawing from a longitudinal data set that documents the war making, state making, extraction, and protection activities of the FARC between 1975 and 2007, in addition to historical sociological methods, the author finds that increases in FARC repression stem from the growing militarization and paramilitarization of the region, which pressured the FARC to extract resources from the local population in a way that no longer served that population's legitimate protection interests.

В статье автор исследует нормативные правовые акты законодательства Российской Федерации и мероприятия, проводимые Правительством Российской Федерации с участием ФТС России, направленные на оптимизацию таможенного администрирования экспорта высокотехнологичной продукции и на совершенствование процедур таможенного контроля в отношении высокотехнологичной продукции, в том числе в части валютного контроля. Автором разработаны предложения по усовершенствованию классификации видов контрактов для целей заполнения паспортов сделок, применение которых позволило упростить и ускорить технологии таможенного контроля. ; The author examines the legal acts of Russian Federation legislation and activities of the Government of the Russian Federation with the participation of the FCS of Russia, aimed at streamlining customs administration, export of hi-tech products and the improvement of customs control procedures for high-tech products, including part exchange controls. The author has developed proposals to improve the classification of contracts for the purpose of filling transactions passports that have enabled technology to simplify and speed up customs.

В работе рассмотрены ключевые особенности глобализации в условиях современной действительности, приведены и проанализированы взгляды российских политических лидеров на глобализацию, а также указаны шаги, которые необходимо предпринять РФ для того, чтобы успешно интегрироваться в современные процессы глобализации. В своем исследовании автор опирается на труды Н. М. Римашевской, Р. Дэни, на актуальные статьи из научных журналов, а также анализирует послания президента и премьер-министра, использует данные Всемирного Экономического Форума за 2010 г. ; The main problem tackled in the research is globalization. In the article the author reviews the key features of modern globalization, analyzes statements of Russian political leaders and suggests possible ways of Russian Federation's integration in current globalization processes. In the research the author bases on the books by N.M. Rimashevskaya, R. Dany, on the actual articles from historical and political magazines and analyses statements and speeches of Russian political leaders, uses the data Of the International Economic Forum (2010).

В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы развития демократического общества. Автор уделяет особое внимание политике информационной открытости власти, во многом способствующей развитию социально-экономических, духовных и политических процессов в обществе. Особая роль в повышении эффективности принимаемых властью управленческих решений, обеспечении прозрачности процессов государственного и муниципального управления отводится, по мнению автора, региональной информационной политике. Также в статье предложены новые подходы для более качественного взаимодействия органов власти со средствами массовой информации. ; The author considers the topical problems of democratic society development and pays special attention to the policy of the informational openness of authorities which to a large extent promotes the development of social-economic, spiritual and political processes in society. To the author's mind regional informational policy plays special role in increasing the efficiency of managerial decisions made by authorities, providing the transparency of the processes of public and municipal management. The author also suggests new approaches for the more qualitative interaction of authorities with mass-media.

В статье анализируются случаи употребления различных слов из «советского языка» в публикациях газеты «Коммерсантъ». На основании проведенного исследования автор выдвигает гипотезу о существовании трех основных механизмов десоветизации публицистического дискурса на лексическом уровне в постсоветскую эпоху - это архаизация, ресемантизация и нейтрализация идеологического компонента значения. Автор делает вывод о том, что многие советизмы остаются в активной части лексикона благодаря тому, что перестают ассоциироваться с советскими реалиями, т. е. теряют связь с системой «советского языка». ; The article analyses the use of the different words from the so-called soviet language in the Russian newspaper Kommersant. The author assumes that there are three main ways of the lexical desovietization of the journalistic discourse in the post-Soviet era the archaisation, the resemantisation and the neutralization of the ideological component of meaning. The author concludes that many sovetisms remain in the active lexicon because they are no longer associated with the system of the soviet language.

В данной статье определяется понятие «условия усыновления», анализируются определенные условия международного усыновления. Автором на основании сопоставления точек зрений ряда отечественных и зарубежных авторов (юристов Таджикистана, России, Кыргызстана, Белоруссии и др.) проведён анализ законодательства отдельных государств, определяющий условия международного усыновления. Автор ставил целью подчеркнуть актуальность темы, определить основные условия и правовые основы осуществления международного усыновления, выявить проблемы и перспективы данного института в Республике Таджикистан. ; In the given article the concept of "an adoption condition» is defined, certain conditions of the international adoption are analyzed. The author on the basis of comparison of points of some domestic and foreign authors (lawyers of Tajikistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, etc.) analysis legislation of separate states, defining conditions of international adoption. The author aims to underline actuality of the topic, to define the basic conditions and legal basis of international adoption realization, to reveal problems and prospects of the given institute in Republic of Tajikistan.

This paper is based on an ethnographic enquiry conducted over the last four years and shows the setting of a close interaction between hosts and guests in the White Tai villages in Mai Chau district, in the northwest uplands of Vietnam. The author argues that tourism is utilised as a medium to demonstrate a culture of hospitality. A new trend in tourism production and consumption is brought into discussion; in relation to this, this paper looks at what is really happening in the tourism spaces of the White Tai villages through the experiences not only of tourists but also of villagers. The author identifi es several types of host-guest relationships and argues that there is a transformation of the host-guest relationship within these tourist spaces, a transformation evident in the new production and consumption practices of the market. Such relationships must be understood by looking beyond conceptions of commodifi cation and politicisation of ethnicity.

This article investigates changes within national budget by examining actors' behavioral predilections and the institutional constraints under which they operate. The article presents three theoretical propositions about the influence of attention and institutions on all magnitudes of programmatic budget changes ranging from large cuts to massive expansions. Using quantile regression, the author is able to uncover which distinct processes bear on cuts, stasis, and expansion across spending categories within a budget. An examination of budgetary data from Denmark, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States from 1964 to 1999 leads to the conclusion that attention shifts lead to contractions and expansions of budgetary items, whereas preference-based explanations have marginal support. In addition, institutional costs involved in budgetary politics amplify budgetary shifts. The author closes the article by discussing the implications of the findings for partisan theories of government and institutional theories.

В статье анализируются тенденции развития современной зарубежной (по преимуществу англоязычной) историографии, посвященной римским законам о роскоши. Автор подробно останавливается на попытках «ревизии» устоявшихся в историографии представлений о римских leges sumptuariae, показывая как сильные, так и слабые стороны предлагаемых современными авторами новых подходов. ; The article is devoted the analysis of the tendencies of development modern historiography devoted to the Roman sumptuary laws. The author investigates points of view by V. Rosivach, E. S. Gruen, L. de Ligt. In article are analyzed of attempts of revision traditional view on Roman sumptuary laws. The author showing both strong position and weaknesses of new approaches offered by modern scientists. The special attention is given to the tendency of historiography connected with carrying over of a vector of scientific search. If the earlier basic attention was given economic, social, and political factors, in works of last time the attention of researchers is involved with spheres of culture and ideology.

In the present papers there is analysis of different views presented in the English travel writings. The purpose was to show what early modern English perceptions of 'Eastern' cities and their inhabitants as 'another' culture were. The author analyzes the constants making an image of east Eastern city, and reveals the mechanism of designing of 'another' space by the English travellers. In the article the common and specific things in their perception of different countries is emphasized. In the English travel writing about the East, a city and inhabitants quickly becomes (become) the focus of the civilized/barbaric binary. That allowed Europeans to declare their superiority over the most powerful and impressive non-European civilizations during early modern times. The author used a wide range of sources, including diaries of travellers, ship magazines, memoirs and the descriptions of travel written by eyewitnesses upon returning home, letters of travellers to friends and acquaintances.

The subject of the paper is analysis of provisions concerning acquisition of ownership by non-owners from the recently presented Book VIII of the Draft of Common Frame of Reference of the Study group for European civil code. These regulative have been commented by the author and compared to the regulative of EU countries, pointing out to similarities, differences as well as discrepancies from solutions. Regulative of acquisition of property by non-owners he considers as divided in six parts: object; legal basis; delivery of goods; self-consciousness of the owner; ownership over the stolen goods and the fortune of the rights of third persons. With slight remarks, the author estimates this project as a complete, purposeful and quality decision. Comparing these decisions of EU countries and those from the Draft, he also estimates the reception of these decisions in Serbia as well, as prospective EU member.

Este artículo reflexiona sobre el concepto de identidad entorno a Marruecos. El autor se pregunta sobre la posibilidad de hablar de identidad nacional en Marruecos, un espacio alejado de la concepción greco-judeocristiana creadora del concepto de nación y se pregunta si es traspolable ese concepto de identidad al Marruecos actual. También reflexiona sobre el término nacionalismo y la contradicción de su superación en buena parte de Europa y su presencia y vigencia en el Marruecos actual.AbstractThis article deals with the identity concept in Morocco. The author thinks about the possibility of talking about national identity in Morocco, a place far away from the Greco-Judeo-Christian space where the concept of nation has been created. The author also thinks about the possibility to use this concept in the analysis of the Moroccan socio-political reality, and also analyzes the term "nationalism" and the contradiction of the overcoming in Europe and its presence and force in Morocco today.

American democracy is at a pivotal moment: electoral dysfunction, low levels of participation, divisive politics, and power imbalances dominate governance and impede our ability to resolve critical issues facing the nation. In this environment, the author argues, our ability to be the representative system of government we claim is in question. Using Harold D. Lasswell's 1942 essay "The Developing Science of Democracy" as a vehicle for reflection, the author reviews progress and challenges in democratic practice today along four dimensions: information delivery and knowledge building; accurate capturing of citizens' views; conducting democratic conversations; and maintaining balances of power. Among the reforms necessary to address persistent challenges in each of these areas, explored in depth is the institutionalization of citizen voice in governance. Seven elements of an infrastructure to achieve such an institutionalization are reviewed: a mandatory legislative framework; designated physical spaces; specific technological, human, and organizational capacity; a trustworthy media; and a recommitment to civic education.