Suchergebnisse

The file associated with this record is under embargo until 12 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. ; THESEUS is a space mission concept aimed at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. These goals will be achieved through a unique combination of instruments allowing GRB and X-ray transient detection over a broad field of view (more than 1sr) with 0.5–1 arcmin localization, an energy band extending from several MeV down to 0.3 keV and high sensitivity to transient sources in the soft X-ray domain, as well as on-board prompt (few minutes) follow-up with a 0.7 m class IR telescope with both imaging and spectroscopic capabilities. THESEUS will be perfectly suited for addressing the main open issues in cosmology such as, e.g., star formation rate and metallicity evolution of the inter-stellar and intra-galactic medium up to redshift ∼10, signatures of Pop III stars, sources and physics of re-ionization, and the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. In addition, it will provide unprecedented capability to monitor the X-ray variable sky, thus detecting, localizing, and identifying the electromagnetic counterparts to sources of gravitational radiation, which may be routinely detected in the late '20s/early '30s by next generation facilities like aLIGO/ aVirgo, eLISA, KAGRA, and Einstein Telescope. THESEUS will also provide powerful synergies with the next generation of multi-wavelength observatories (e.g., LSST, ELT, SKA, CTA, ATHENA). ; S.E. acknowledges the financial support from contracts ASI-INAF I/009/10/0, NARO15 ASI-INAF I/037/12/0 and ASI 2015-046-R.0. R.H. acknowledges GACR grant 13-33324S. S.V. research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 606176. D.S. was supported by the Czech grant 16-01116S GA ČR. Maria Giovanna Dainotti acknowledges funding from the European Union through the Marie Curie Action FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IOF, under grant agreement No. 626267 ("Cosmological Candles"). ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print

The article analyzes new aspects of the evolution of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) against the backdrop of the situation in Europe and in the world, confirming the forecasts made in the author's previous publications. The party remains an important political force in Europe and globally, influences the development of European social-democratic thought, actively participates in reforming the European Union. The German Social Democrats uphold the principles of liberal democracies, entering into disputes with Budapest and Warsaw in view of their heightened sense of national exclusiveness. The updated conceptual guidelines of the party testify to further tightening of the SPD's course in the Russian direction. The party does not give an answer to the fundamental questions: how the outlines of a new world order in Europe can be built without the participation of Russia, especially against it; to what extent the turn of the SPD's top meets the interests of ordinary party members and citizens of the country. The approach of the German Social Democrats may exacerbate the already tense situation. The SPD has forgotten Willy Brandt's warnings about the inadmissibility of exporting the FRG's and other Western countries' model, of imposing certain rules. The military-political choice made by O. Scholz and L. Klingbeil, their definition of February 24, 2022 as drawing a line under the moral and historical responsibility of Berlin for the atrocities of the Nazis, depreciating the important role of Moscow in the defeat of fascism and the reunification of Germany, have become the milestone ideological imperatives of modern Germany. These and other factors will go down in the history of Moscow–Berlin relations as a major mistake of the German Social Democracy. Moscow should not negotiate with those leaders of the SPD who will certainly bring the content of conversations to the attention of Washington, Brussels, Kyiv, Warsaw, Vilnius, Riga. The German ruling class without the sovereignty of its country does not inspire confidence. The trend of expanding hostilities in Ukraine with the use of new types of weapons, a possible direct intervention of NATO countries in the conflict continues. Moscow should clearly analyze the reasons for the rise and fall of the RF–FRG relations, Russia's miscalculations, and sketch out various scenarios. Despite everything, in Germany, especially in the new federal states, in a part of the SPD, German business and civil society, hopes for normalizing relations with Russia have not been lost completely. Their cautious statements about the common roots of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany belonging to the European civilization cannot but inspire restrained optimism in terms of preserving the experience of dialogue between the two countries.

Soon after de facto annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation in February-March 2018, the Donbas was plunged into a brutal – albeit undeclared or 'hybrid' – war that pitted Russia and its proxy military forces against Ukraine. In total, between 14 April 2014 and 15 November 2017, the UN recorded 35,081 war-related casualties, including 10,303 people killed and 24,778 injured. Today, there are 1 491 528 internally displaced people or 1 217 071 families, most of them from war-torn territories (Ministry for Social Policy 23 March 2018). Over 80% of the IDPs have found temporary residence in just ve Ukrainian regions: the government-controlled districts of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts (42% and 13% respectively), the neighbouring Kharkiv and Zaporizhia oblasts (10.9% and 7.4% respectively), and Kyiv (8%). Of the remaining Donbas inhabitants, two to three million currently reside in non-government controlled areas, with another 600,000 being caught in the so-called 'grey zone', living within 5km either side of the 457km frontline. The humanitarian crisis has prompted a widespread response from civil society: IDPs and social activists have organised numerous NGOs across the whole country, providing social support, legal advice and ongoing help to IDPs. The international community's role is also crucial, as they continue to provide support for IDPs. However, there is a lack of ad- equate funding; in 2017, over 80% of requests for funds for humanitarian needs in Ukraine were unmet (van Metre, Steiner, Haring 2017). Since the Ministry for Temporarily Occupied Territories and IDPs was established in 2016, its role in facilitating regional and central gov- ernment support has become increasingly important. This policy brief focuses on the most urgent issues raised by internally displaced people during meetings and interviews: housing, property, healthcare, registration and pensions. The analysis begins by looking at the role of the international community and, the eco- nomic impacts of the con ict before ...

IN THEIR PUREST FORMS, NATIONAL PROVIDENT FUNDS (NPF'S) ARE COMPULSORY SAVINGS SCHEMES ADMINISTERED BY THE GOVERNMENT. EMPLOYEES AND THEIR EMPLOYERS PAY REGULAR CONTRIBUTIONS TO A CENTRAL, PUBLICLY SUPERVISED FUND WHERE THE CONTRIBUTIONS ARE CREDITED TO SEPARATE ACCOUNTS MAINTAINED FOR EACH EMPLOYEE. THIS PAPER EXAMINES THE NPF'S IN 23 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. IT EXPLORES HOW THE JUXTAPOSITION OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL OBJECTIVES HAS MADE NPF'S GENERALLY RESILIENT TO FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE AND HAS, IN SOME INSTANCES, RESULTED IN THE EVOLUTION OF A SOCIAL SECURITY HYBRID--NEITHER A PURE COMPULSORY SAVINGS SCHEME NOR A SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM.

In this report, an attempt is made to assess the social consequences of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) by focusing on both theoretical and concrete changes which SAP has created in specific aspects of the life of Nigerians

This volume introduces and compares different concepts of culture in social movement research. It assesses their advantages and shortcomings, drawing links to anthropology, discourse analysis, sociology of emotions, narration, spatial theory, and others. Each contribution's approach is illustrated with recent cases of mobilization.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Figures and tables -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- European Citizenship and Social Exclusion. An Introduction -- I. Restructuring Citizenship in the European Union -- 1. Citizenship and Exclusion: Reconstructing the European Union -- 2. Citizenship and Social Inclusion in the European Union -- 3. The Development of European Union Citizenship. A Critical Evaluation -- II. Economic Exclusion and Citizenship: Work and Income in Europe -- 4. Work and Citizenship in Europe -- 5. The Crisis of Economic Citizenship in the EU. Lean Production and the German Model -- 6. Social Integration and Labour-Market Marginalization. The Scandinavian Experience -- 7. The Informal Sector in the European Union. Mitigating or Reinforcing Economic Exclusion? -- 8. Employment and Social Identity. Theoretical Issues -- 9. Social Policy, Social Exclusion and Citizenship in the European Union. The Right to be Unequal? -- III. Social and Economic Exclusion and Citizenship: Social Policy in Europe -- 10. Restructuring Social Rights in the EU. Does a Flexible Employment and Benefits Regime Entrench Exclusion and Inequality? -- 11. The Welfare Society and the Welfare State. The Portuguese Experience -- 12. Urban Integration and Citizenship. Local Policies and the Promotion of Participation -- IV. Socio-cultural Exclusion and Citizenship: Identity and Immigration in Europe -- 13. European Union Identity and Citizenship. Some Challenges -- 14. Immigration, Citizenship and Nationalism. Internal Internationalization in Germany and Europe -- 15. Citizenship and Social Exclusion in the European Union -- 16. Anti-racism, Multiculturalism and Struggles for a Multicultural Democracy -- 17. Citizenship, Association and Immigration. Theoretical Issues -- Bibliography