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"A unit's command team is the partnership among the commander, the senior noncommissioned officer (NCO), and a volunteer lead spouse. As the primary advisor, ambassador, and advocate for the spouses and families of members in the unit, finding the right person to undertake the important role of volunteer lead spouse is one of the most important decisions a commander will make. Once a spouse in the unit decides to take on the role, it can be challenging and incredibly rewarding to navigate working with military leadership, state or local government, base programs and organizations, and other military spouses to take care of families. This book captures "words of wisdom" collected by Mrs. Dawn Goldfein, spouse of the 21st Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Gen David L. Goldfein over their 37-year career. For command teams that seek to understand and leverage the military "spouse network" of command, lead, key, and key spouse mentors within their unit or their installation, it offers a treasure trove of useful ideas and stories"--

Besides different preconditions for educational success in native and migrant families, an important role has been ascribed to students' educational aspirations in the explanation of ethnic disparities in educational attainment. Based on a sample of several hundred 9th and 10th graders in Hamburg, the study investigates the dimensions along which native and migrant students construct their educational and future career aspirations and expectations at the end of compulsory full-time education. The results provide insight into the applicability of traditional approaches that investigate the mechanisms that shape social disparities in education to explain the ethnic attainment gap, and into the controversial meaning of subjective data in the form of respondent-reported educational aspirations and the interpretation of higher aspirations in migrant families as secondary effects of ethnic origin. Contents Educational attainment of migrants in Germany.- The construct of educational aspirations.- Models of educational aspirations, expectations and choice.- Educational aspirations, expectations and choices of migrants Target Groups Researchers in the fields of education, social sciences and sociology The Author Dr. Marina Trebbels is a research assistant at the Institute for Intercultural and International Comparative Education at the University of Hamburg

AbstractMen and women increasingly express egalitarian preferences for organizing family life, but workplace norms and practices are still based on relatively traditional assumptions about the gender division of labor in families. In this article, we unpack this discordant feature of the cultural landscape with recent sociological research on gender, work, and family. We begin by discussing the growing body of evidence on preferences for gender–egalitarian relationships and specify how these egalitarian desires are incongruous with workplace norms and practices. Such a mismatch between desires and reality tends to produce negative personal and career outcomes, including work–family conflict, stress, and job and marital dissatisfaction. Then, we offer a critical review of the recent actions taken by some employers and policymakers to address this issue. We observe some progressive changes in both the public and private sector in regard to family leave policies, flexible work arrangements, childcare support, and fertility benefits, but these policy initiatives still fall short of supporting gender–egalitarian arrangements for working families. We conclude with a discussion of how researchers could better evaluate and increase the effectiveness of workplace initiatives.

The Englewood Project was an experiment which focused attention on children who as a consequence of appre hension by the police have been identified as vulnerable to a career of delinquency and whose antisocial behavior has not yet progressed to the point of requiring referral to court. Since the police are a vital case-finding source, the Project sought first of all to develop ways of improving police and social agency communication, an essential step in efforts to help these children. It offered casework service to families referred by the police, and it also searched for other community resources to help meet the needs of the children and their families. Among the objectives of the Project were: to learn more about the work and problems of the juvenile officers; to learn more about this group of children—their basic problems and needs, and their home and neighborhood life; to determine what contribution casework can make toward a total community ap proach to the prevention of delinquency; and to determine the adequacy and availability of existing social service facilities in relation to the problems of these children.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Contributors -- I: Families and Jobs in the 21st Century -- 1 Charting New Territory: Advancing Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives, Methods, and Approaches in the Study of Work and Family -- 2 Understanding Diversity of Work in the 21st Century and Its Impact on the Work-Family Area of Study -- 3 Understanding Diversity of Families in the 21st Century and Its Impact on the Work-Family Area of Study -- II: Disciplinary Approaches and Theoretical Perspectives -- Introduction: The Insights Gained From Integrating Disciplines -- 4 Caregiving and Wage-Earning: A Historical Perspective on Work and Family -- 5 Work-Family Policies: The United States in International Perspective -- 6 Demographic Implications for Work-Family Research -- 7 Family Studies: Situating Everyday Family Life at Work, in Time, and Across Contexts -- 8 The Anthropology of the Workplace and the Family -- 9 Advancing a Career Focus on Work and the Family: Insights From the Life Course Perspective -- 10 Role Theory Perspectives on Work and Family -- 11 Experimental Social Psychology and the Study of Work and Family -- 12 Sociological Perspectives on Families and Work: The Import of Gender, Class, and Race -- 13 The Role of Economics in Work-Family Research -- 14 Work and Family From an Industrial/Organizational Psychology Perspective -- 15 A Legal Perspective on Family lssues at Work -- 16 Connecting Social Work Perspectives to Work-Family Research and Practice -- III: Methodological Approaches -- Introduction: How Diverse Methodologies Inform Understandings of Work and Family Relations -- 17 Ethnography and Working Families -- 18 Video Ethnography and Ethnoarchaeological Tracking -- 19 Using Survey Research to Address Work-Life Issues.

Studien zeigen, dass sich viele Väter in Deutschland wünschen, mehr Zeit mit ihren Kindern zu verbringen, dies aufgrund von langen Arbeitszeiten jedoch oft nicht umsetzen können. Elternzeit und Teilzeitarbeit könnten Optionen sein, die Vätern eine bessere Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf ermöglichen. Arbeitsmarkttheorien legen jedoch nahe, dass die Inanspruchnahme solcher Maßnahmen mit Lohneinbußen verbunden ist. Dementsprechend entscheiden sich derzeit viele Väter gegen diese Möglichkeiten zur Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf, da sie finanzielle Einbußen und Karrierenachteile befürchten. Um zu überprüfen, inwieweit diese Erwartungen empirisch fundiert sind, untersucht diese Arbeit daher den Einfluss von Elternzeit und Teilzeitarbeit auf die Stundenlöhne von Vätern. Fixed Effects-Analysen auf Basis des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) 1991–2013 und Familien in Deutschland (FiD) 2010–2013 zeigen, dass Teilzeitarbeit mit Lohneinbußen verbunden ist. Eine Elternzeit wirkt sich hingegen nicht auf die Löhne von Vätern aus – unabhängig davon, ob Väter nur die beiden für sie reservierten Partnermonate oder eine längere Elternzeit in Anspruch nehmen. Die Ergebnisse deuten somit darauf hin, dass die gesetzliche Elternzeit Vätern einen Rahmen bietet, in dem sie sich stärker in ihren Familien engagieren können, ohne berufliche Nachteile zu erfahren. ; As previous research shows, many German fathers would like to spend more time with their children, but long working hours often restrict their opportunities to do so. Parental leave and part-time work could help fathers to reconcile work and family. Yet, labor market theories predict that using such family-friendly policies may lead to wage penalties. Hence, many fathers decide against using such policies because they fear that parental leave or part-time work will lead to financial penalties and career disadvantages. This article evaluates this concern by empirically examining the effect of parental leave and part-time work on fathers' hourly wages. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) 1991–2013 and Families in Germany (FiD) 2010–2013, results from fixed-effects regression analyses show that part-time work is associated with wage penalties, but parental leave is not – irrespective of whether fathers only took the two months fathers' quota or longer parental leaves. The results hence indicate that the German parental leave legislation enables fathers to spend more time with their children while protecting them from wage penalties at work.

Ohio advocates and policymakers have recently proposed important new policy initiatives to help the state's struggling working families. This policy brief models three reforms that promise to significantly improve the economic security of low-income Ohio families with children. First, we examine the effect of introducing a free and universal prekindergarten program for four-year-olds on families' out-of-pocket child care costs. Child care costs are a major expense for working parents. Second, we investigate the problem of the "canyon effect" in child care subsidy policy and identify solutions. As described by Policy Matters Ohio, the canyon effect occurs when a working parent who loses a child care subsidy—because she loses her job, for example—must take a job at a lower wage to qualify again for the subsidy. Because child care is so costly, a subsidy can make the difference between being able to work or not, so the parent has a strong incentive to recover child care assistance, even if it means moving down a career ladder. Finally, we model the effect of improving the state Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) on the economic well-being of Ohio working families. The Ohio EITC is currently set at 10 percent of the federal credit and is not refundable, meaning that a family that has no income tax liability does not receive the credit. The improved EITC would be refundable and equal to 30 percent of the federal credit; it would also remove an existing cap on the credit for earnings above a very low level. The impact of each of these reforms on the economic security of representative low-income families in the state is estimated with the National Center for Children in Poverty's 2015 Ohio Family Resource Simulator (FRS) policy modeling tool, updated with the assistance of Policy Matters Ohio.

AbstractMany policymakers assume that children's neighbourhoods shape their career trajectories, but the facts are otherwise. Challenges: (1) Because many children in poor postcodes have disadvantaged families, modelling the causal influence of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) requires a comprehensive set of control variables measuring family background. (2) Adults can choose where to live, so dwelling in a high SES postcode is partially a consequence of occupational success, not a cause. Hence, we must focus on childhood postcode SES. (3) Random measurement error in postcode SES can bias estimates. Data: Large, representative national samples from the International Social Science Survey/Australia. OLS and structural equation models. Correlations between a person's childhood postcode SES and their education, adult occupational status (which robustly measures job quality, social status and permanent income) and family income are all modest, around r = .15. Net of family background (fathers' occupational status, fathers' class, mothers' employment, parents' culture, ethnicity, demographics and respondent's IQ) multivariate analyses show that growing up in a low SES postcode is only a slight disadvantage, which arises entirely because children there get about half a year less education than comparable children in high SES postcodes. Otherwise, there is no statistically significant childhood postcode disadvantage in career opportunities.

Der Beitrag behandelt Geldarrangements in heterosexuellen Paarbeziehungen im internationalen und zeitlichen Vergleich auf der Basis von Daten des International Social Survey Programms. Er untersucht, ob und inwieweit in einer Paarbeziehung lebende Individuen ihre Geldarrangements als wechselseitiges Verpflichtungsverhältnis verstehen, in dem möglicherweise auch noch einseitige Abhängigkeiten zum Ausdruck kommen, oder ob und inwieweit sie einander finanzielle Autonomie zugestehen. Zunächst werden die bisherigen Untersuchungsergebnisse zu diesem Themenfeld diskutiert und anschließend die ausgewählten Länder (Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland, Großbritannien, Norwegen, Schweden) und Daten vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung lassen eine Vielfalt von Geldarrangements bei Paaren erkennen. Es zeigt sich, dass Paare ihre Paarwirklichkeit auch in finanzieller Hinsicht sehr unterschiedlich konstruieren. Geld ist nicht gleich Geld, es wird vielmehr in ganz verschiedenartiger Weise als eigenes, gemeinsames oder als Geld des Partners wahrgenommen. Im internationalen Vergleich zeigt sich, dass gerade in Westdeutschland (in deutlichem Unterschied zu Ostdeutschland) die Frauen noch wesentlich deutlicher unterhaltsabhängig sind; hinzukommt, dass bei der Mehrheit der verheirateten Paare, die ihr Geld gemeinsam verwalten, die Frauen subjektiv wie objektiv deutlich geringere Einkommen aufweisen als ihre Ehemänner. Im Vergleich zu den skandinavischen Ländern und zu Großbritannien wird in Ost- und Westdeutschland in einem hohen Maße die Berufstätigkeit der Frau als essenziell für ihre Unabhängigkeit gesehen. Dies deutet auf eine Unzufriedenheit mit dem Status quo hin. Die gelebte finanzielle Abhängigkeit der Frauen von den Männern und die Gewährung von Unterhalt ist insofern nicht mit den gewünschten Verhältnissen gleichzusetzen. (IAB)

Seit dem Schuljahr 1996/97 gibt es in Rheinland-Pfalz ein neues Bildungsangebot: die "Duale Oberschule". Diese zunächst als Modellversuch des Landes errichtete Schulart hat sich konzeptionell vor allem die Verbindung allgemeiner und beruflicher Bildungsinhalte auf Ihre Fahnen geschrieben und bemüht sich, praktisches und theoretisches Lernen stärker als bisher miteinander zu verknüpfen. Zum ersten Mal werden in einem gestuften, aber durchgängigen Bildungsgang, der die Klassen 5 bis 13 umfasst, alle Abschlussoptionen von Hauptschule, Realschule und Berufsschule angeboten. Nach 12 Schuljahren können die Jugendlichen den qualifizierten Sekundarstufen-I-Abschluss und eine abgeschlossene Berufsausbildung erreichen. Durch den Besuch der Qualifizierungsstufe (Klassenstufe 13) ist es ihnen zudem möglich, die Fachhochschulreife zu erlangen. Die Duale Oberschule hält somit alle Zugänge zum Hochschulbereich offen und schafft eine neue Verbindung von Berufs- und Studienqualifizierung. Mit der Dualen Oberschule ist ein neues Bildungsangebot geschaffen worden, das von immer mehr Eltern als Alternative zu den bestehenden Regelschulen gewählt wird. Zum besseren Verständnis sind an dieser Stelle jedoch zunächst ein paar Basisinformationen zum Aufbau, den Zielen und der bisherigen Entwicklung des Modellversuchs fällig. (DIPF/Orig.)

"From the 1920s through 1950, Georgia Tann ran a black-market baby business at the Tennessee Children's Home Society in Memphis. She offered up more than 5,000 orphans tailored to the wish lists of eager parents--hiding the fact that many weren't orphans at all, but stolen children of poor families, desperate single mothers, and women told in maternity words that their babies died. The publication of Lisa Wingate's novel Before We Were Yours brought new awareness of Tann's lucrative career in child trafficking. Adoptees who knew little about their pasts gained insight into the startling facts behind their family histories. Encouraged by their contact with Wingate and award-winning journalist Judy Christie, who documented the fifteen family stories in this book, many determined survivors set out to trace their roots and find their families. Often raised by older parents as only children, many have joyfully reunited with siblings in the final decades of their lives. Wingate and Christie tell of first meetings that are all the sweeter and more intense for time missed, and of families from very different social backgrounds reaching out to embrace better-late-than-never brothers, sisters, and cousins. In a poignant culmination of art-meets-life, long silent victims of the tragically corrupt system return to Memphis with the authors to reclaim their stories at a Tennessee Children's Home Society reunion . . . with extraordinary results"--

AbstractFamily domain is crucial for language maintenance. It is also a critical avenue for children's language acquisition. In Spolsky's language management theory, family is one of the key domains for language management. In this study, we focus on family language management in Hakka families in Balik Pulau, Penang. Structured-interviews were conducted in November 2012. In total, 14 Hakka families were interviewed. In each family, one parent and one child were interviewed. This article examines family language policy from three perspectives: ideology, practice, and management. The results show that Hakkas in Penang give great importance to Mandarin and almost abandon Hakka in the family domain. However, they still have strong Hakka identity and some parents have restarted to speak Hakka with their children consciously. Multilingual capacity is a common expectation from parents. With multilingual input in the family domain, most of the children become passive bilinguals or multilinguals. The regional prestige dialect Hokkien is part of the repertoire of these Hakka families. However, there are no intentional efforts from the parents to teach Hokkien to their children. Conscious language management is only found for Mandarin and sometimes for English. This results from the parents' language ideology that Mandarin is the most important language for Chinese Malaysians and English is an international language for their children's future career. Findings from the current study contribute to the understanding of language maintenance and language shift in general.

A growing body of academic research and policy initiatives has addressed the global race for talent against the backdrop of the unprecedented scope and pace of skilled international migration. In this article, we coin the term "intellectual migration" as an analytical framework for international migration to explore how the experiences of students and skilled migrants to the United States from Brazil, Russia, India, and China (the bric countries) complicate notions of brain circulation. This framework not only brings together students and skilled migrants but also takes into account the complex relationship between these migrants' career aspirations and their connections to their (extended) families, their racialization in the United States, and economic and geopolitical changes in their home countries.

Christiane Eckstein stellt bei ihrer Analyse der Familienpolitik die Frage nach der Wahlfreiheit für Mann und Frau in Bezug auf die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie in den Mittelpunkt. Anders als in vergleichbaren Studien fundiert sie das Konzept der Wahlfreiheit mit Prinzipien der christlichen Sozialethik. Nach der sozialethischen Methode "Sehen – Urteilen – Handeln" entwickelt Eckstein auf der Grundlage der Kritik aktueller familienpolitischer Methoden Optionen für die Schaffung umfassender Wahlfreiheit. ; The question as to the freedom of choice for man and woman with regard to the compatibility of career and family is central to Christiane Eckstein's analysis of family politics. She bases the concept of freedom of choice on principles of Christian social ethics, which sets her study apart from other similar studies. Utilizing a social-ethical method – "seeing – judging – acting" – Eckstein develops options for developing a more comprehensive freedom of choice by critiquing current family-political methods.

This article includes part of the linguistic material we documented in 2002 from a galesh ranch in central-eastern Mazandaran. It transcribes, translates, and glosses two texts related by a patriarch on his long, eventful life: the dramatic elopement with the girl he married, his successful family life and career as a pastoral nomad, and his long resistance against the laws forcing the galesh families to evacuate the forest for good. Notwithstanding our dialectological purpose, namely documentation of the largely understudied language of Mazandaran within the long-standing tradition of Iranian philology, the article may also provide raw material for the anthropologist, sociologist, and historian, as it relays an unrecorded tradition just before its total disappearance.