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How can buildings be combined with agricultural production and what are the major potential benefits and challenges for the introduction of zero-acreage farming (ZFarming) in Berlin from the relevant stakeholders' perspectives? These questions were explored through a series of interviews and stakeholder workshops held between 2011 and 2013. The aim was to identify the most suitable building-integrated farming model for the Berlin metropolitan area and to develop guidelines for the model's successful and sustainable implementation through a stakeholder-driven approach. This paper provides an aggregated synthesis of the outcomes derived from the qualitative interviews and stakeholder workshops. As the results reveal, the stakeholders perceive potential benefits and challenges related to the issue of ZFarming in all dimensions (economic, social, environmental and political). They largely agreed on the importance of focusing on local resources, using energy- efficient production—including social and educational aspects—and developing new market structures when introducing ZFarming to the city of Berlin. The stakeholders identified urban rooftop greenhouses (RTG) as the most promising farming model for Berlin. In a joint collaboration of all stakeholders, a manual for RTG was developed within the participatory innovation process that addresses the identified problems and challenges associated with future implementation and governance of RTG in Berlin and beyond.

For over a dozen years changes have been taking place in Central and Eastern Europe which are explained in the categories of systemic transformation. "Systemic transformation" is the term most widely used to describe the social change that began in that part of Europe after 1989. A term close, albeit narrower, in meaning is the "political transformation" which describes the phase of radical change of social order in the formal and legal aspect. Analysing the transformation of Central and East European countries one should not disregard the Balkan states. Those states have new constitutions, laws concerning political parties and new electoral statutes. They have opened the road to a competitive party system and the political system based on democratic principles. ; W Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej od kilkunastu lat zachodzą zmiany, które wyjaśniane są w kategoriach transformacji systemowej czy ustrojowej. Transformacja systemowa jest najczęściej używanym pojęciem do opisu zmiany społecznej, która rozpoczęła się w tym rejonie Europy po 1989 r. Zbliżonym pojęciem, choć węższym jest transformacja ustrojowa, która opisuje fazę radykalnej zmiany ładu społecznego w aspekcie formalno-prawnym. Analizując transformację państw Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, zwrócić należy również uwagę na państwa bałkańskie. Zostały w nich uchwalone nowe konstytucje, ustawy o partiach politycznych i ordynacje wyborcze. Otworzyły one drogę do konkurencyjnego systemu partyjnego oraz systemu politycznego opartego na zasadach demokracji.

This paper explores the history of the emergence of Pintupi Luritja as the dominant language in the Central Australian community of Amunturrngu (Mt Liebig), traced from the people's first encounters with settlement in the 1940s at Haasts Bluff, through to the present. It is a political history, as movement toward settlement demanded a re-structuring of social relations within a newly settled polity. To elaborate on this polity I examine the concept of a language community through the construction of Pintupi Luritja as a 'communilect'. The development of this communilect as a lingua franca in these early settlements signals the value of the original term 'Luritja' as a trope. The meaning of this original Indigenous term is not only indicative of the regional history, but also of the flexible potential in group formation. The pattern of contact and settlement in this Pintupi Luritja region has compelled a socio-linguistic re-configuration, lending a currency to the label Pintupi Luritja that suggests a modern, firmed up, 'tribe'. This tribe is a 'secondary phenomenon' formed through the manipulation of relatively unstructured populations - stateless societies - by the colonial State (Fried 1975). At issue here is the inter-cultural aspect of this language formation that is the elemental process in the creation of this 'new' social formation.

This paper explores the history of the emergence of Pintupi Luritja as the dominant language in the Central Australian community of Amunturrngu (Mt Liebig), traced from the people's first encounters with settlement in the 1940s at Haasts Bluff, through to the present. It is a political history, as movement toward settlement demanded a re-structuring of social relations within a newly settled polity. To elaborate on this polity I examine the concept of a language community through the construction of Pintupi Luritja as a 'communilect'. The development of this communilect as a lingua franca in these early settlements signals the value of the original term 'Luritja' as a trope. The meaning of this original Indigenous term is not only indicative of the regional history, but also of the flexible potential in group formation. The pattern of contact and settlement in this Pintupi Luritja region has compelled a socio-linguistic re-configuration, lending a currency to the label Pintupi Luritja that suggests a modern, firmed up, 'tribe'. This tribe is a 'secondary phenomenon' formed through the manipulation of relatively unstructured populations - stateless societies - by the colonial State (Fried 1975). At issue here is the inter-cultural aspect of this language formation that is the elemental process in the creation of this 'new' social formation.

Resumen: En la primera parte de esta aportación se analizan algunos de los puntos más significativos, desde el punto de vista de su filosofía política, del conteni­do del Manifiesto de los Persas (1814). A lo largo de la segunda parte se intenta comprender la re­cuperación que de este Manifiesto se hará, en los años cincuenta del siglo XX, por parte de algunos autores representativos del tradicionalismo espa­ñol del momento. Los intentos llevados a cabo, por los componentes de este grupo, para instaurar en España una monarquía tradicional, autorita­ria y antiliberal son el fiel reflejo de una línea de pensamiento que encuentra un importante ante­cedente en el Manifiesto de 1814. Palabras clave: Tradicionalismo, carlismo, Manifiesto de los per­sas, Constitución de 1812, liberalismo, monarquía tradicional y social. Summary: This article begins by analysing some of the more significant aspects of the political philosophy underpinning the Manifiesto de los Persas (1814). It then makes an at­tempt to uncover the motives of those Spa­nish traditionalist writers in resuscitating this manifesto in the 1950s. Members of this group were successful in their efforts to establish an anti-liberal, authoritarian and traditional monarchy in Spain. These efforts faithfully extend a line of thought emanating from the Manifesto of 1814. Key words: Traditionalism, carlism, Manifesto de los per­sas, Constitution of 1812, liberalism, social and traditional monarchy.

Islamic law has set universally regarding family law issues relating to divorce, but it seems that the difference for women's rights after divorce occurs in a range of applications in the side or the level of legal arrangements, given the differences in social system, cultural system or even the political system in each each country both in Indonesia and in the Islamic world. Comparative analysis of family law related to women's rights after divorce in this article, based on the exposure of legal jurisprudence schools and the positive law in force in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia Tunisia, Iran, Egypt, Yemen, Turkey, and Iraq, special about the reasons of divorce. In general, these countries legal materials more dominant tendency is patterned Shafi'i schools. However, there are several different opportunities such as: in terms of the chances of divorce, in each country appears once judiciary complicate divorce, meaning to go keperceraian first sought peace efforts were made as strong as possible. Yet in terms of the position of the parties is protected rights before the law (principle of equality before the law) in each country for example in Indonesia and South Yemen, especially in Yemen has also strengthened in its National Constitution that "The State guarantee or protect the legal equality between laki- men with women in all aspects of life, whether political, economic, and social life ".

In this article, we are interested in the philosophical foundations of the Russian sociology of war. The philosophical foundations of science and humanities belong to the meta-theoretical level of knowledge and leave their imprint on the theoretical and empirical levels of research. The philosophical foundations involve ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological underpinnings. The study of these aspects reveals the following features of the sociology of war: general ideas about the nature of the phenomenon of war; criteria of veracity of knowledge in the sociology of war; rules for forming the source and derived concepts and assertions; and methods of discovery and development of new and true knowledge. The sociology of war as a new direction of social and humanities studies appeared in Russia at the end of the 19th century. It was the result of two processes taking place in philosophy. On the one hand, the appearance of the sociology and psychology of war was a logical step in the development of Russian military thought. The evolution of this branch of knowledge in Russia of the 19th century made researchers treat war as a social phenomenon. Also, the rapid development of the doctrine of positivism and the birth of sociology in the middle of the 19th century attracted the attention of many military and civil professors and academics.

How can buildings be combined with agricultural production and what are the major potential benefits and challenges for the introduction of zero-acreage farming (ZFarming) in Berlin from the relevant stakeholders' perspectives? These questions were explored through a series of interviews and stakeholder workshops held between 2011 and 2013. The aim was to identify the most suitable building-integrated farming model for the Berlin metropolitan area and to develop guidelines for the model's successful and sustainable implementation through a stakeholder-driven approach. This paper provides an aggregated synthesis of the outcomes derived from the qualitative interviews and stakeholder workshops. As the results reveal, the stakeholders perceive potential benefits and challenges related to the issue of ZFarming in all dimensions (economic, social, environmental and political). They largely agreed on the importance of focusing on local resources, using energy-efficient production—including social and educational aspects—and developing new market structures when introducing ZFarming to the city of Berlin. The stakeholders identified urban rooftop greenhouses (RTG) as the most promising farming model for Berlin. In a joint collaboration of all stakeholders, a manual for RTG was developed within the participatory innovation process that addresses the identified problems and challenges associated with future implementation and governance of RTG in Berlin and beyond.

The purpose of this article is to reveal attractive invariants in female management style. The authors explored the trends and strategies of female management based on two primary methods: а) the method of lenient interview, used for specifics of female management detection and evaluation of a woman-in-chief themselves; b) questionnaires of team management and the staff office of the companies about the layer of gratification with the management and features of female mind. The relevance of the problems researched by the authors in the work lies in the aspects of psychological, social, philosophical, pedagogical sciences and imageology. Each of these sciences refers to the process of derivation, development and functioning the influence of image of a female-manager. The representatives of these scientific try to explain a human behavior, a person formation and his structures, research the mechanisms of human perception by a human being. The problem of derivation, evaluation and essence of image in kazakhstanian psychology has appeared only in the last decades. First of all it caused by the changes in the political and social situations in the society. As a result the research object has to be the image itself, and the image of state and political personalities, businessmen, art and culture employees. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n3p145

Mindfulness in the Buddhist tradition involves a variety of practices, and contemporary secular forms of mindfulness practices, therapies, and interventions can similarly be broadened to include more of these forms. The Japanese practice of Naikan takes one mindfulness practice from the Buddhist tradition—that of recollecting the kindness of others—and asks clients to engage in this practice for 1 solid week, 15 hours per day. Difficult interpersonal relationships and a perceived lack of social support are chief sources of stress, and Japanese selfhood in particular has been described as interdependent and highly social in nature. It is unsurprising therefore that Japanese would be drawn to relational forms of practice like Naikan, and that they would find particular benefit from such practices. Recent ethnographic and survey work I have conducted at 2 Naikan centers suggests that Naikan significantly improves positive mental health, perceived connection with others, and perceived meaning in life, even up to 6 months later, thereby potentially undercutting factors contributing to depression and suicide. Naikan practice is not entirely limited to Japan, however, and its use in Europe and North America prompts us to ask about the culturally specific and universal aspects of mindfulness practices, and how we may construct mindfulness interventions that are best suited for addressing the mental health problems that face our communities.

The following seven articles are the result of the celebration of the "Bicentary of Cadiz Constitution Commemorative sessions/days" in October 2012. This publication contains a depth analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of Spain in 1812 including the significance and consequences for the Spanish America. A comprehensive study of the situation in the former Audiencia de Quito (cursivas) has been made. Political, social, economic and regional aspects during the first quarter of the XIX Century which had a great influence in the development of the modern Ecuador have been analysed. ; Los siguientes siete artículos son el resultado de la celebración de "Las Jornadas de Estudio Conmemorativas del Bicentenario de la Constitución de Cádiz" que se realizaron en la ciudad de Quito en octubre de 2013. El resultado aquí presentado ha profundizado en el estudio de las circunstancias que rodearon la promulgación de la Constitución liberal española de 1812, con todo el significado y consecuencias que tuvo para la América española. Se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la situación en la antigua Audiencia de Quito. Se ha analizado los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y regionales que se desarrollaron en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX y que tanto influyeron en el desarrollo del Ecuador moderno.

The following seven articles are the result of the celebration of the "Bicentary of Cadiz Constitution Commemorative sessions/days" in October 2012. This publication contains a depth analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of Spain in 1812 including the significance and consequences for the Spanish America. A comprehensive study of the situation in the former Audiencia de Quito (cursivas) has been made. Political, social, economic and regional aspects during the first quarter of the XIX Century which had a great influence in the development of the modern Ecuador have been analysed. ; Los siguientes siete artículos son el resultado de la celebración de "Las Jornadas de Estudio Conmemorativas del Bicentenario de la Constitución de Cádiz" que se realizaron en la ciudad de Quito en octubre de 2013. El resultado aquí presentado ha profundizado en el estudio de las circunstancias que rodearon la promulgación de la Constitución liberal española de 1812, con todo el significado y consecuencias que tuvo para la América española. Se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la situación en la antigua Audiencia de Quito. Se ha analizado los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y regionales que se desarrollaron en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX y que tanto influyeron en el desarrollo del Ecuador moderno.

The following seven articles are the result of the celebration of the "Bicentary of Cadiz Constitution Commemorative sessions/days" in October 2012. This publication contains a depth analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of Spain in 1812 including the significance and consequences for the Spanish America. A comprehensive study of the situation in the former Audiencia de Quito (cursivas) has been made. Political, social, economic and regional aspects during the first quarter of the XIX Century which had a great influence in the development of the modern Ecuador have been analysed. ; Los siguientes siete artículos son el resultado de la celebración de "Las Jornadas de Estudio Conmemorativas del Bicentenario de la Constitución de Cádiz" que se realizaron en la ciudad de Quito en octubre de 2013. El resultado aquí presentado ha profundizado en el estudio de las circunstancias que rodearon la promulgación de la Constitución liberal española de 1812, con todo el significado y consecuencias que tuvo para la América española. Se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la situación en la antigua Audiencia de Quito. Se ha analizado los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y regionales que se desarrollaron en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX y que tanto influyeron en el desarrollo del Ecuador moderno.

The following seven articles are the result of the celebration of the "Bicentary of Cadiz Constitution Commemorative sessions/days" in October 2012. This publication contains a depth analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of Spain in 1812 including the significance and consequences for the Spanish America. A comprehensive study of the situation in the former Audiencia de Quito (cursivas) has been made. Political, social, economic and regional aspects during the first quarter of the XIX Century which had a great influence in the development of the modern Ecuador have been analysed. ; Los siguientes siete artículos son el resultado de la celebración de "Las Jornadas de Estudio Conmemorativas del Bicentenario de la Constitución de Cádiz" que se realizaron en la ciudad de Quito en octubre de 2013. El resultado aquí presentado ha profundizado en el estudio de las circunstancias que rodearon la promulgación de la Constitución liberal española de 1812, con todo el significado y consecuencias que tuvo para la América española. Se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la situación en la antigua Audiencia de Quito. Se ha analizado los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y regionales que se desarrollaron en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX y que tanto influyeron en el desarrollo del Ecuador moderno.

The following seven articles are the result of the celebration of the "Bicentary of Cadiz Constitution Commemorative sessions/days" in October 2012. This publication contains a depth analysis of the circumstances which surrounded the promulgation of the liberal Constitution of Spain in 1812 including the significance and consequences for the Spanish America. A comprehensive study of the situation in the former Audiencia de Quito (cursivas) has been made. Political, social, economic and regional aspects during the first quarter of the XIX Century which had a great influence in the development of the modern Ecuador have been analysed. ; Los siguientes siete artículos son el resultado de la celebración de "Las Jornadas de Estudio Conmemorativas del Bicentenario de la Constitución de Cádiz" que se realizaron en la ciudad de Quito en octubre de 2013. El resultado aquí presentado ha profundizado en el estudio de las circunstancias que rodearon la promulgación de la Constitución liberal española de 1812, con todo el significado y consecuencias que tuvo para la América española. Se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo de la situación en la antigua Audiencia de Quito. Se ha analizado los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos y regionales que se desarrollaron en el primer cuarto del siglo XIX y que tanto influyeron en el desarrollo del Ecuador moderno.