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Article is devoted to the analysis of factors and necessary conditions of formation of spiritually-moral world. Discusses adapting to the constitutive signs of spiritually-developed consciousness. Description of spiritually-moral situation of modernity and the origins of the fall of the spirit.

Ahmad Donish, educator, philosopher, calligrapher, poet and statesman of the Bukhara Emirate, actively covered the problems of the political, social and educational systems of the country. Ahmad Donish was known at one time as an ardent critic of officials and even Bukhara emirs. Nevertheless, he positively assesses the reign of Amir Shahmurad ibn Danielbia. Therefore, the article summarizes the views of Ahmad Donish on the way of life, scope of thinking, style of government, reform and diplomatic relations with the Emir of Bukhara Shahmurad ibn Daniyalbiya.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Latest issue consulted: Vol. 1, no. 3 (Apr. 1914).

The position of a civil mediator appeared as a result of the necessity to implement the ideas of the Peasant Reform. Initially, the public reacted to the new institution with great interest, the number of people wishing to take up the position of mediator was large. In this regard, it seems significant to identify the circumstances that caused the transformation of the image of the civil mediator. The urgency of the problem is explained by the fact that the figure of the peace arbitrator was the key in the process of implementing the abolition of serfdom in 1861. On the efficiency of these officials depended the result of the transformation that was underway. The public perception of the institution began to change after the resignation of the mediators of the first composi-tion and the entry into office of subsequent officials. This circumstance has become critical in the matter of the decline of the entire institution. Over time, the position of the institution of civil mediators and its reputation rap-idly deteriorated being severely criticized. The institution reached its crisis by the 1870s. Meanwhile, the image of the civil mediator, which was later described by contemporaries, based precisely on the impression left by the first civil mediators, who eventually became an example of service for the benefit of society and the state.

The article reveals the essence of discrimination as one of the main principles of labor law. The role of labor rights in life of each person contributes to the necessity of their proper legal regulation. On the one hand any legal regulation begins with enshrining of basics of law which are principles that ensure integrity and uniformity of the system of law. On the other hand, aspiration of Ukraine to establish democratic society requires Ukrainian legislation to be complied with recognized world and European norms and standards. All of that highlights the need for scientific development and topicality of this issues. For better understanding of the principle of ban of discrimination the article provides brief theoretical basics of this issue. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the main international and national acts which regulate the principle of the ban of discrimination. The author underlines that taking into account a significant level of legislator's attention to the issues of the ban of discrimination on international level Ukrainian legislation has gaps in this sphere. The practical aspect of this issue is represented by analysis of the most common types of discrimination in Ukraine particularly discrimination according to sex, age and nationality. Discrimination on the basis of sex is represented by unreasonable advantages and when unfavorable conditions are created for men and women. People of retirement age or pre-retirement age as well as graduate students which are unexperienced suffer from age discrimination. Roma people mostly suffer from discrimination on the basis of nationality in Ukraine. The author focuses on the fact that employers are not obliged by legislation and state to bear liability for discriminate attitude or behavior against employees which complicates protection of the rights of the person who was a victim of such behavior.

Background: Since the vast majority of older adults in Sweden live in their private homes throughout life, the emergency medical services need to adapt accordingly. Hence, we aimed to describe characteristic patterns of dyadic staffed emergency ambulance assignments for older adults aged > 70 years compared with adults aged 18-69 years requiring emergency care at home in Sweden. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed using anonymized registry data from the emergency medical services in a region of Sweden during 2017-2018. One-sample chi(2) test, one-way analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression models were used for investigating group differences. Variables for analysis were age, gender, clinical assessments, on-scene time, priority levels, result of response, and temporal patterns. Results: Of all included emergency ambulance assignments (n = 28,533), 59.9% involved older adults, of which 53.8% were women. The probability for older adults to receive the highest priority was decreased for both dispatch (p < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.66), and transport priorities (p < 0.001, OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68-0.80). Older adults were more likely to receive dispatch priority levels 2 (p < 0.001, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.40-1.56), and 3 (p < 0.001, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.46-2.06). The older adults were similarly more likely to receive transport priority level 3 (p < 0.001, OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.28-1.52) compared with adults. Age had a small but additive effect in relation to on-scene time (p < 0.001, R-2 = 0.01, F = 53.82). Distinguishing initial clinical assessments for older adults were circulatory, respiratory, trauma, infection, and nonspecific assessments. Emergency ambulance assignments for older adults were more frequently occurring on Mondays (p < 0.001, chi(2) = 232.56), and in the 08:00-11:59 interval (p < 0.001, chi(2) = 1224.08). Conclusion: The issues of the lower priority level preponderance, and the decreased probability for receiving the highest priority warrant further attention in future research and clinical practice.

Title vignette (seal of the state of S. C.) ; Mode of access: Internet.

The aim of this paper is to analyse credit union industries within a development framework. Explicit consideration is given to credit union industries in four countries – Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. It is argued that in terms of a developmental typology the credit union industry in Great Britain is at a nascent stage of development, the industries in Ireland and New Zealand are at a transition stage while the US credit union industry is mature in nature. In progression between stages the analysis considers the influence of factors such as situational leadership, the complexion of trade associations, professionalisation, regulatory and legislative initiatives and technology. The analysis concluded that while there was a substantial commonality of experience, there were also significant differences in the impact of these factors. This consequently encouraged the recognition of the existence of 'a variety of the species' in respect of credit union development.

Thanks to its capacity to embrace a conception of common good, consonant with human rights, while still affirming and protecting the pluralism of the global community, the idea of subsidiarity, more than classic notions of state sovereignty, can help to understand and evaluate the fundamental structure of international human rights law. (SWP-Wdr / Übernahme aus DE)

This paper is about the implementation of the 1865/67 Ottoman Vilayet Law in the districts of the Sanjak of Zvornik. At first, there were listed those articles of the Law regarding the level of districts (kazas). After that, using the Ottoman annual reports for the Vilayet of Bosnia, there were listed the local governing institutions, services, and officials' names for each district in the first four years after the announcement of the Vilayet Law. Based on these data, one can conclude that the Law has certainly been implemented in the districts belonging to the Sanjak of Zvornik.

Volltext // Exemplar mit der Signatur: München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek -- Belg. 320 s

"This chapter assesses the rote of different psychological factors in explaining voting behavior, particularly right-wing voting patterns. In the contemporary Is- k raeli political arena, we studied the effects of three facets of authoritarianism (individual, social, and political) on voting patterns in the 1999 Israeli general elecdons (both for prime minister and parliament). This study was based on a comprehensive survey of 965 university and college students in Israel. The questionnaire focused on authoritarian attributes and individual voting inclinations. i Two major points were examined: which type of authoritarianism was significant in predicting a voting preference for the right-wing or left-wing prime ministerial candidate; and the prediction of voting preferences for the two largest right-wing parties, Likud (moderate right-wing) and Shas (militant religious right-wing), in comparison to the two largest left-wing parties, Labor (moderate left-wing) and Meretz (militant secular left-wing). Results reveal that the complete, multifaceted (individual, social, and political) authoritarianism syndrome best predicted voting for the right-wing prime ministerial candidate, Benjamin Netanyahu. However, regarding partisan voting ,patterns, results showed that a segregated or single-faceted authoritarianism was more important. Findings indicate that in the cases of larger and more moderate parties, only political authoritarianism had a significant effect; but for more militant parties, other factors (individual authoritarianism in the case of Shas and social authoritarianism in the case of Meretz) had the most significant effects. This research yields several conceptual insights. On the whole, it uncovers the variable sensitivity of the different facets of authoritarianism. Voting for a single candidate can be best predicted by a more integrated conception of authoritarianism. However, the distinct, respective aspects of authoritarianism can best predict partisan voting. The individual aspect corresponds with the prediction of right-wing party voting, but for left-wing voting, the social form of authoritarianism is more reliable. Finally, the political form of authoritarianism appears to serve as a reliable predictor of voting for both moderate parties." (author's abstract)