Suchergebnisse

В предлагаемой статье автор пытается рассмотреть мусульманскую политику в различных частях Российской империи, результатом которой стало включение представителей мусульманского духовенства некоторых регионов страны в систему государственного управления и признание ведущей роли шариата в их правовой жизни. Кроме того, на основе анализа обширной архивной базы автору удалось провести сравнительный анализ деятельности мусульманских духовных управлений в Оренбургском и Таврическом округах, Закавказье, на Северном Кавказе в XIX начале XX века и выявить неоднозначность отношения государственных структур к служителям магометанского культа в различных областях империи. ; In this article the author attempts to consider Muslim policy in different parts of Russian empire, which resulted in the inclusion of Muslim clergy representatives in some regions of the country in government system and recognition of the leading role of Sheriyat in their legal life. Besides on the basis of the analysis of extensive archival database the author managed to carry out a comparative analysis of Muslim clerical administration in Orenburg and Tavrichesky districts, in the Transcaucasus, in the North Caucasus in the XIX the early XX century and to reveal the ambiguity of the relationship of state structures to the Mohammedan cult attendants in different regions of empire.

В статье рассматривается политической борьба в США в конце 1840-х годов, о судьбе территорий, присоединенных по итогам войны с Мексикой (18461848). В центре внимания автора проблема легализации рабства в Калифорнии и Новой Мексике. Автор анализирует противостояние по указанному вопросу, которое до предела обострило отношения между свободными северными и рабовладельческими южными штатами. В статье доказывается, что компромисс 1850 г. явился очередным шагом на пути, кульминацией которого стал выход южных штатов из состава американского Союза и последовавшая за этим Гражданская война (1861-1865). ; The article deals with the political struggle in the U. S. in the late 1840s, the fate of the territories annexed by the results of the war with Mexico (1846-1848). The author focuses on the problem of legalization of slavery in California and New Mexico. The author analyzes the opposition on this question, which is exacerbated to the limit relations between free and slave northern southern states. It is proved that a compromise in 1850 was another step on the way, culminating in the exit of the southern states from the American Union and the ensuing Civil War (1861-1865).

The main subject of the paper is the issue of granting state aid discussed from the point of view of the most important changes in the European Union competition policy as a result of the global financial crisis. The author makes a review of state aid related to the financial crisis in the European Community. The article includes a detailed description of reasons for the economic interventions which has been designed and taken by the Member States in the form of various schemes, plans and objectives. The directions of the main changes in the structure of state aid granted to the financial institutions in absolute and relative terms are shown. It was essential to notice the significant European Commission's role ensuring that large support schemes for the financial sector will be implemented in compliance with the state aid rules and do not create undue distortions of competition. The paper contains numerous legal materials, including primary and secondary legislation, as well as European case law. The author also relied on the literature and articles on the notified state aid connected with the financial services sector and banking crisis.

The article is a synthesis of the author' s contributions to the geography ofColombian Violence in relationship to the State building process in Colombia, in a comparative prospective with the classical studies of these process in Western World and the research on the Colombian recent armed conflict. This double comparison induces the author to his proposal of the Differentiated presence of the State's model in order to explain the interactions between Nation, region and localities where the development and recent crisis of the Political parties play an important role. ; El artículo recoge las contribuciones del autor para el acercamiento a la geografía del conflicto armado en relación con el proceso de formación del Estado colombiano, en una perspectiva comparada con los análisis de esos procesos en el mundo occidental y con las investigaciones sobre el conflicto colombiano. Esta doble comparación lleva al autor a proponer el modelo de "presencia diferenciada del Estado" para interpretar las interacciones entre nación, región y localidad, donde juegan un importante papel el funcionamiento y la actual crisis de los partidos tradicionales.

This essay comparatively analyzes post-Yugoslav ethnic nationalist movements in Croatia and Serbia focusing on political uses of ethnic diasporas. The author examines the role of ethnic diasporas in the reconstruction of nationhood and legitimating new regimes; in new political discourses and also in the new political competition including internal competition within political arenas of the new nations, but also in the context of the rivalry between Serb and Croat nationalisms which did not end with the ending of the wars of Yugoslav succession. In addition, the author provides a brief genealogy of the Diaspora myth and concludes that, like all myths utilized in politics, this myth also entails contradictions that produce effects and outcomes which the initial political benefactors from this myth could not incalculate or fully control and eventually had to face certain undesirable consequences. Twenty years after the collapse of Yugoslavia, the political uses of ethnic diasporas still can be observed in the discourses and politics of ethnic nationalistic parties, although it is also clear that the appeal of the myth is diminishing. Adapted from the source document.

Статья рассматривает события и процессы, связанные с деятельностью Нанкинского Гоминьдана на внешнеполитической арене в период между поражением революции 1925-1927 гг. и началом активизации японской военной и политической экспансии в отношении Китая, когда и Коминтерн также усилил свою поддержку и управление КПК в русле пресловутого «пролетарского интернационализма». Автор проводит мысль о необходимости взвешенного объективного подхода к оценке как исторической значимости этого периода для исторических судеб Китая, так и роли Чан Кайши как политического лидера. ; The author considers the events and processes connected with the activity of Nanking Kuomintang at the foreign-policy arena during the period between the defeat of the revolution of 1925-1927 and the beginning of the activization of Japanese military and political expansion in relation to China when Comintern also strengthened its support and management of Communist Party of China in the course of the notorious proletarian internationalism. The author puts forward the idea about the necessity of the balanced objective approach to the estimation of both the historical importance of this period itself for the historic fates of China and the role of Chiang Kai-shek as a political leader.

The main subject of the paper is the issue of granting state aid discussed from the point of view of the most important changes in the European Union competition policy as a result of the global financial crisis. The author makes a review of state aid related to the financial crisis in the European Community. The article includes a detailed description of reasons for the economic interventions which has been designed and taken by the Member States in the form of various schemes, plans and objectives. The directions of the main changes in the structure of state aid granted to the financial institutions in absolute and relative terms are shown. It was essential to notice the significant European Commission's role ensuring that large support schemes for the financial sector will be implemented in compliance with the state aid rules and do not create undue distortions of competition. The paper contains numerous legal materials, including primary and secondary legislation, as well as European case law. The author also relied on the literature and articles on the notified state aid connected with the financial services sector and banking crisis.

Рассмотрена роль государства в инновационном процессе в качестве инвестора, с одной стороны, и в качестве создателя условий для инновационного развития с другой. Выявлена существующая тенденция снижения государственного финансирования инновационных проектов в процентах к ВВП. Проведено сравнение эффективности российской государственной политики в области инноваций с аналогичной политикой в зарубежных странах. Сделан вывод о необходимости концентрации государства, в первую очередь, на законодательной и организационной поддержке инновационных процессов, а не на участии в них в качестве инвестора. ; The paper views the state in the innovative process as the investor from the one side and as the creator of the conditions for innovative development from the other. The author noticed significant tendency to reduction of state financing of innovative projects in percentage to gross domestic product. The paper present the comparison of the efficiency of Russian state policy in the sphere of innovations with the same policy of the other countries. The author makes a conclusion about the necessity of concentration of the state, firstly at the legislation and organizational support of innovative processes, but not on the participation in them as investor.

Статья посвящена актуальной педагогической проблеме творческого развития будущих специалистов социально-культурной деятельности. Автор разделяет позиции ученых о том, что интеграция в настоящее время позволяет расширять и углублять содержание образования путем внедрения новых обучающих технологий. Теоретический материал статьи подкреплен конкретным примером работы с обучающимися по специальности «социально-культурная деятельность» над проектом аудиоэкскурсий, представляющим новый творческий продукт. Автор раскрывает специфику интегративного подхода в творческом развитии курсантов (студентов) путем их вовлечения в активные формы художественно-творческой деятельности. ; The article is devoted to the pedagogical problem of the future specialists" creative development in socio-cultural sphere. The author divides the opinions of the scientists that integration allows to broaden and deepen the content of education by way of implementation of new technologies. The theoretical material of the article goes with the concrete example of the project work of audio excursions with the students of profession socio-cultural activity that is a new creative product. The author encloses the specific point of the integrated approach in the creative development of the military students by involving them into the active forms of artistic and creative activity

This paper discusses the interface between violence in the Niger Delta, global energy security and amnesty granted to armed groups by the Nigerian government. The author notes the impact of the violence on energy infrastructure and brings to the fore how the violence endangers energy security. Thus far, a major concern is that the amnesty program will fail because it was not preceded by negotiations between the government and combatants. The author questions this view and points outs that before the amnesty proclamation, several negotiations through committees and commissions involving stakeholders had been done. The paper thus argues that it cannot be entirely correct to conclude that there were no negotiations before the amnesty program was proclaimed. Further, it argues that the issue of negotiation cannot be as important as the failure of government to tackle the fundamental issues which triggered the conflict. The deepening of the country's democracy to ensure that votes count at elections is seen as the most likely option to guarantee the success of the amnesty program and secure the region and energy security.

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) justifiably emphasizes welfare over participation rights of children for two reasons. First, children are by nature an at-risk population. Second, democratic citizenship rights require a minimal bundle of cognitive and emotional capacity--which may be called "political maturity"--that children, again by nature, lack. However, the CRC goes too far in prioritizing welfare over participation, again for two reasons. First, millions of children have their basic welfare needs met, and second, participation would be useful in cultivating the very political maturity that citizens need. In this article, the author argues that participatory institutions should be designed to further the interests of children, cultivate their political maturity, and mitigate the harm that giving power to the politically immature might cause. The author discusses three institutional designs that might achieve this result (fractional voting, national electoral constituencies, and political spending accounts) and discusses how federalism might also help to implement these designs. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

The author studied a role of higher education in the development of human dimension and conditions of higher institutes of education during a difficult period of radical changes in the 90-s of the last century and in the 2000-s in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is analyzed the management policy of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) towards the higher education; the results are described in the context of modified index of human potential development (MIHPD). Achievements of Russian Federation regions are considered during analysis of a role of educational process in the republic. ; The author studied a role of higher education in the development of human dimension and conditions of higher institutes of education during a difficult period of radical changes in the 90-s of the last century and in the 2000-s in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is analyzed the management policy of Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) towards the higher education; the results are described in the context of modified index of human potential development (MIHPD). Achievements of Russian Federation regions are considered during analysis of a role of educational process in the republic.

Статья посвящена поиску и обоснованию основных тенденций в формировании и развитии этноконфессиональных отношений в современной России. На основе данных различных социологических исследований, в том числе сравнительных, проведенных кафедрой социологии МГЛУ с участием автора в Москве, Дагестане и Татарстане, осуществлена попытка выявить направления и характерные черты, определяющие общее устойчивое эволюционное развитие в этноконфессиональных отношениях. Рассматриваемые тенденции являются объективной основой общественно-политической стабильности в стране, и с этой точки зрения выступают в качестве факторов, влияющих на социально-политическую ситуацию. ; The article deals with the basic tendencies in formation and development of ethnic and confessional relations in modern Russia. This analysis is based on the data of varied sociological studies, including comparative studies conducted by the department of Sociology in Moscow, Dagestan and Tatarstan and in which the author took part. In this article the author tried to reveal trends and characteristic features defining the general stable evolution of ethnic and confessional relations. The tendencies under consideration are the objective basis of social and political stability in this country. From this point of view, these tendencies can be regarded as factors that influence social and political situation.