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This paper assesses the validity of the perception-based governance indicators used by the US Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) for aid allocation decisions. By conducting Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data from 1996 to 2009, we find that although the MCA purports to measure seven distinct dimensions of governance, only two discrete underlying dimensions, the perceived 'participatory dimension of governance' and the perceived 'overall quality of governance,' can be identified. Our results also show that some of the doubts that have been raised concerning the validity of perception-based governance indicators are less warranted when the indicators are applied exclusively to developing countries.

Altres ajuts: TF094688 ; In recent years, the Civil Society Education Fund has supported national education civil society coalitions (NECs) in low-income countries so that they put pressure on governments and donors to implement the Education for All agenda and the Millennium Development Goal on education. This article draws on literature on global governance as well as on an extensive evaluation of the CSEF to explore the actual contribution of this initiative to the activity of NECs. The article highlights the achievements and shortcomings of the CSEF and includes a set of practical recommendations on the role of global civil society in international development processes. ; Ces dernières années, le Fonds de la société civile pour l'éducation (FSCE) a soutenu les coalitions nationales de la société civile pour l'éducation (CNE) dans les pays à faibles revenus, afin qu'elles fassent pression sur les gouvernements et les donateurs pour qu'ils mettent en œuvre l'initiative Éducation pour tous et l'objectif du millénaire pour le développement concernant l'éducation. Cet article utilise la littérature sur la gouvernance globale, de même qu'une évaluation approfondie du FSCE pour examiner la contribution réelle de cette initiative à l'activité des CNE. Il met l'accent sur les réalisations et les défauts du FSCE et propose un ensemble de recommandations pratiques en rapport avec le rôle de la société civile mondiale sur les processus de développement international. ; Durante los últimos años, el Fondo de la Sociedad Civil para la Educación (fsce) ha otorgado apoyos en varios países de bajos ingresos; los mismos son destinados a las coaliciones de la sociedad civil para la educación nacional (cen) y su propósito es que estas presionen a gobiernos y donantes para que implementen la agenda "Educación para todos" y el Objetivo de Desarrollo del Milenio concerniente a la educación. Partiendo de la literatura existente sobre gobernanza global y de una profunda evaluación del fsce, el presente artículo examina la ...

AbstractSince the 1960s, the international community and bodies have devised various mega‐plans to boost aid and help pull Africa out of its economic miasma. They all came to grief. In 2000, came another—the Millennium Development Goals—with the primary goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. Only a handful of 'small' African countries are expected to make it. In the post‐Millennium Development Goals era, it is recommended that Africa should go back to the basics and do first things first by focusing on the traditional and informal sectors of the economy where the vast majority of the poor are found. It is pointless to talk about halving of poverty, for example, when Africa cannot feed itself. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Economic progress, environmental improvement, and the advancement of science, mainly due to the advancesof medical science, were able to reduce infant mortality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of GDP per capita,mother's level of education and health care proxy with the medical delivery against infant mortality. The data usedin this study is secondary data for 23 years were obtained from various sources such as CPM and the Bali ProvincialHealth Department. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Based on theanalysis it was found that the variable GDP per capita has negative effect but not significant on infant mortality.Variable levels of maternal education and health care variables are proxied by the medical delivery and significantnegative effect on infant mortality. This means that the higher the mother's education and medical delivery theinfant mortality rate will decrease. GDP per capita have a negative effect but not significant effect on infant mortality,however, the government is expected to continue to develop programs to revitalize the economy. Mother's educationand medical delivery and significant negative effect therefore the government is expected to provide scholarships forpoor women and expanding medical delivery in all regions of the province of Bali. The government is also expectedto continue to be consistent in the development program of clean water and drinking water quality, provision ofvitamins, infant immunization, and provide socialization clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce infantmortality and achievement of the MDGs in Bali Province.

In September 2000, Ghana was one of 189 signatories to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). This gender needs assessment focuses on the Millennium Development Goal of gender equality and women"s empowerment (MDG 3), and whether Kumasi, Ghana"s second largest city, can achieve both objectives by 2015. MDG 3 specifically seeks to eliminate gender inequality at all levels of education by 2015, but gender equality and women"s empowerment entail much more. They require equality of economic opportunity, equitable representation in political bodies, access to reproductive rights and freedom from gender-based violence.

Extreme poverty blights the lives of one fifth of the world's population and denies more than 100 million children per year the chance of an education. Today in sub-Saharan Africa alone 45 million children are out of school and 313 million people are living on less than US $ 1 a day. 2005 provides an opportunity for rich countries to help put in place effective and cost-efficient strategies needed to change this picture in the long run. The world can choose to continue on its current course, leading to increased poverty and additional human suffering, or to adopt an agenda in favour of expanded human welfare and human security. This agenda is incorporated in the Millennium Development Goals still achievable with an increased support from Germany and the EU. However, in order for this to happen, the heads of state and government at the G8 Summit in Gleneagles and at the Millennium+5 Summit in New York this summer must make the right political decisions. We propose an analysis that can serve as the basis for discussions and decisions during these summits. Germany has then potential to assume an internationally significant role in the key areas of human development, trade policy and human security and thus credibly promote further reforms to alleviate poverty within the G8 states, the European Union and the United Nations.

This paper presents the highlights on how women participation in governance will sustain environmental development to achieve the millennium goals. It will include the gender equity and good governance for action. The study goes further to provide provocative insights on what action and reflection that should be followed to achieve this because equity. Mutualism, justice, self-reliance sustainability and peace are parts of the bedrock to achieve the millennium goals. However, in the past and even now, some women succumbed to the patterns enshrined by men which hinged on their domination of most of the environmental assignments and achievements whereas, the women have in their simplicity and innocence been interacting with the environment and the development process wherein, without realizing that they are the key and major player as in determining the future of the world; it is said , when a woman, is trained a nation is trained, this topic will be eruditely. Finally recommendations were made for a way forward. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n5p157

Cambodia, one of the poorest countries in SE Asia, has some of the worst health indicators in the region as a consequence of more than 3 decades of conflict. Maddox Jolie-Pitt Foundation (MJP) is running an integrated community development programme in the rural northwest of Cambodia. Samlaut, with a population of approximately 5000, has been designated the first United Nations Millennium Village outside of Africa, due to its high rate of rural poverty. In order to meet the two Millennium Development Goals related to reducing child mortality and improving maternal health, MJP and the Cambodian government have partnered with the UK's National Health Service (NHS) as part of the UK's NHS commitment to developing Global Health Partnerships both to contribute to improving global health and to learn from the developing world

En el 2000, el Gobierno Nacional de Colombia se comprometió con la Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU), con el Banco Mundial (BM), con el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y con la organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) a cumplir hacia el 2015 con un marco de ocho objetivos, dieciocho metas y cuarenta y ocho indicadores, con el fin de medir los progresos hacia el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM). El presente trabajo se concentró en examinar los objetivos referidos a la pobreza. Al analizar el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo (PND) 2002-2006 "Hacia un Estado comunitario", no se observó un enlace directo con la consecución de los logros de los ODM sobre pobreza, ya que ésta no aparece como un objetivo explícito en tal plan. Posteriormente, al analizar el PND 2006-2010 "Estado Concordancia entre el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio sobre pobreza, con los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo de Colombia 2002-2010: evaluación con un modelo de cointegración comunitario: desarrollo para todos", se encontró que hay una mejora sustancial en el tema de pobreza con respecto al PND anterior. Quizás esto se debe a que –como se anotó antes– en el PND 2002-2006 no se presentó el tema de la pobreza explícitamente, y a que ésta seguía siendo muy alta en el 2003. En dicho plan se presenta el tema de la pobreza como un objetivo general con proyecciones de metas anuales y con un plan de inversiones explícito sobre la reducción de la pobreza. A partir del modelo de cointegración estimado, se infiere que los gastos del gobierno colombiano dedicados al tema de la pobreza en el periodo que abarca los dos últimos PND no han sido suficientes para obtener las metas de ODM que el país se fijó cumplir en el 2015. ; In 2000 the Colombian National Government waspromised with United Nations, World Bank, InternationalMonetary Fund and the OCDE to reach inthe 2015, 8 objectives, 18 goals and 48 indicatorsto measure the progress to achieve the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDG). The present paper focusedto examine the objectives related to the poverty.After to analyze the National Development plan(NDP) 2002-2006 "Hacia un estado comunitario", itwas not noticed a direct connection between thisand the MDG, principally on the poverty subjectswhich are not explicit in the plan. The NDP 2006-2010 "Estado Comunitario: Desarrollo para todos"was analyzed too and there it was found a betterperformance in the poverty subjects in comparisonwith the preceding. This could be explained becausein the 2002-2006 plan the poverty subject was presentedas a general objective, in a general way -notexplicitly- ,and the poverty was being too high in the2003. In addition, the plan had annual projectionsof the goals and an explicit investment plan aboutthe poverty reduction. From the fitted cointegrationmodel can be inferred that the government expensesdevoted to the poverty in the NDP have not been sufficientto reach the goals established for 2015.