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Goal and objectives: The article analyzes the state policy of Russia and China on poverty alleviation, conducted a comparative analysis of the strategy of the two countries in solving the problem, basic areas, social programs, measures, measures of social support for poor categories of citizens. The general and specific approaches of each. The results achieved are considered, as well as the objectives set by each country in this direction for the near and far term. Methods: The study uses a set of general scientific methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, system-functional and integrated approach. Within the framework of the stated theme, theoretical provisions and modern approaches were systematic on the basis of the study of the works of various authors, federal and regional regulatory documents, official statistics. Results: The theoretical and practical significance of the study is to specify and organize the modern strategic approaches of the state policy of Russia and China, both in the sphere of poverty alleviation and in the provision of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens. These areas of state social policy of each country are not sufficiently researched by national science. The analysis provides an opportunity to identify the state of poverty in Russia and China, actualizes the importance of state policy to reduce poverty in each country, justifies the need for its further improvement in this direction. The findings highlight the positive results achieved by countries to date and identify the ways that have led to them, which can further promote public social policies to overcome poverty in each country and the system of state social assistance to the poor. Scientific novelty: The scientific novelty lies in the study of the state policy of Russia and China to reduce the poverty level of the population, as one of the most acute problems of both countries. The article shows the characteristics of poverty in each country, the scale and concentration of poverty, the trend of changing poverty in recent years as a result of the efforts of states and new strategies in public social policy. Weaknesses and strengths in the state social policy to overcome poverty in Russia and China have been identified. The lack of effectiveness of the organization of state social assistance to poor categories of citizens is justified. The conclusions are drawn on the versatility of ways to overcome poverty, the need to unite the efforts of all countries in this direction, the fruitfulness of the exchange of experience accumulated by different countries.

AbstractThis paper applies a network analysis approach to weight the dimensions of multidimensional poverty. Weights are allocated according to the interaction of the deprivations to eliminate arbitrary value judgments used in equitable weighting. The approach is applied to a developing country. The results indicate that some dimensions are more relevant than others and measures of poverty show significant differences when changing the weighting approach.

Kulon Progo Regency is one of the regencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta which has a very high percentage of poverty rates. The problem of poverty in Kulon Progo Regency has not yet been resolved. In fact, compared to other regencies/cities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the percentage of poor people in Kulon Progo Regency ranks the highest. Various poverty reduction policies have been carried out by the district and provincial governments to reduce poverty rates, but still have not shown significant results. This condition is interesting to analyze considering that poverty policies have not yet had an impact on the condition of Kulon Progo. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of poverty in Kulon Progo. This study uses a mixed research approach, namely research that combines quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The results of this study indicate that the inherent characteristics of households in Kulon Progo affect the level of poverty.

India is a country characterized by multi-layered diversity and cultural heterogeneity where different types of inequalities and poverty have always been a fact of life. Since independence in 1947, she followed a development policy based on interventionist central planning and import substitution with the objective of reducing inequality and poverty. Policymakers adopted a middle path in which income inequality was tolerated, provided it was not 'excessive' and led to a higher rate of growth. From the mid-1980s, the Indian government gradually adopted market-oriented economic reforms. The pace accelerated during the early 1990s with the adoption of neo-liberal reforms programmes, marking a period of intensive economic liberalization. The focus changed from state intervention for more equitable distribution towards liberalization, privatization and globalization. During the past two decades, India has made rapid economic progress resulting in an expanding middle class with unprecedented access to goods and opportunities. Yet, it is not only that the new income generated by economic growth has been very unequally shared, but also the resources newly created have been inadequately utilized to alleviate the enormous social and economic deprivation of a majority of the society. This paper analyses the nature and causes of inequality and poverty in India.

The strategies expected to mitigate poverty tend to identify factors that are closely related to poverty and that could have influenced the policy implications. A household level data was collected to examine the poverty status and factors affecting poverty in Southern Punjab. A logistic regression technique was employed for the present analyses. The findings show that age and education of the household head, own house, spouse participation, remittances, number of earners in the household and physical assets reduces the probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. However, large household size, occupation in the primary sector, high dependency ratio and mental disability are associated with an increased probability of being poor in Southern Punjab. Government should adopt effective policy measures to generate employment and encourage the attainment of education for the poor households for the mitigation of poverty in this region.

In Peru, there are papers that study the dynamics of poverty; nevertheless, these documents do not make differences between levels of severity: extreme poverty and non-extreme poverty. In this sense, the main objective of this research is to identify the factors that make the households slip into and out of the extreme and non-extreme poverty in Peru (2003-2006).This paper finds out that there are different factors that make extreme and non-extreme poor households arrive to non-poverty. In this sense, the elements that only contribute to extreme poor households to reach the non-poverty are: housing conditions, literacy programs, shocks protection and politics of participative public management. Moreover, the tools that only facilitate the non-extreme poor households to slip out of poverty are non-university high education, credit access and productive assets. Finally, in order to make both groups (extreme and non-extreme poor households) become non poor, it is necessary a set of actions: to improve the quality of education; to expand the coverage and quality of medical services and familiar planning; to emphasize the productive use of remittances; to make politics with a community approach; and to develop insurance for poor people so as to mitigate the effect of shocks.On identifying the factors that generate the changes of welfare states, this research provides lights to tune the focalization and effectiveness of social policies, so that these are more in line with the heterogeneity and multidimensionality of poverty. ; En el Perú ya se han realizado trabajos sobre pobreza dinámica; sin embargo, estos dejan de lado la distinción entre grados de severidad: pobreza extrema y no extrema. En este sentido, el objetivo central de la presente investigación consiste en identificar aquellos factores que influyen en las salidas y caídas enlos estados de pobreza extrema y no extrema en el Perú (2003-2006).En cuanto a los resultados, se ha encontrado que existen diferencias entre los elementos que contribuyen a que los pobres extremos (PE) y pobres no extremos (PNE) asciendan hacia la no pobreza (NP). Así, las herramientas que solo contribuyen para que los PE alcancen la NP son las condiciones de la vivienda, los programas de alfabetización, la protección contra shocks y las políticas de gestión participativa. Por su parte, las herramientas que facilitan únicamente que los PNE alcancen la NP son la educación superior no universitaria, el acceso a crédito y los activos productivos. Sin embargo, existe un set de factores comunes para que ambos grupos puedan superar la pobreza. Estos consistenen mejorar la calidad educativa; poner énfasis en el uso productivo de las remesas; ampliar la cobertura y calidad de los servicios médicos, de las actividades de planificación familiar, y de los seguros para pobres que mitiguen los shocks; así como implementar políticas con un enfoque comunitario.De esta manera, al identificar los factores que generan cambios de estado, la presente investigación brinda luces que permiten afinar la focalización y efectividad de las políticas sociales, de forma tal que estas sean más acordes con una problemática multidimensional y heterogénea.

Using 1977–79, 1994–96, and 2006–08 data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) and Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID), I conduct a decomposition analysis of senior poverty rates to determine whether changes in seniors' characteristics can help explain historical changes in senior poverty rates. I find that increases in the educational attainment of seniors significantly reduced senior poverty, but can only explain a small portion of the reduction in poverty rates between 1977–79 and 1994–96. I find that reductions in the extent to which age and independent living place seniors at risk of poverty significantly and substantially reduced senior poverty rates. Overall, the results support the assertion that retirement income policy is an important determinant of senior poverty in Canada.

We model the determinants of rural poverty in Botswana by conducting an empirical analysis of household welfare using the 2009/10 Botswana Core Welfare Indicator survey (BCWIS) to identify such factors associated with rural poverty. The paper found that female headed households, especially those residing in rural areas have higher incidences of poverty than male headed households. The study also found male-headed households, education, employment, livestock ownership and access to amenities as factors that positively related with welfare for all rural households and the results were consistent across both FHHs and MHHs models, except for a few factors such as livestock ownership. Household size and dependency ratios negatively related with welfare. However, dependency ratio did not influence welfare amongst MHHs since such households are characterised by fewer dependents unlike the FHHs. characteristics variables and thus public policy should focus on such factors in addressing rural poverty, especially among FHHs. Creation of employment opportunities in rural areas is key in helping the government in its poverty eradication efforts in rural areas. The paper also concludes that FHHs in rural area must be made a special target of poverty eradication programmes, and a well focused gender specific intervention for poverty eradication initiatives is needed. Moreover, rural development strategies should emphasize the provision of agricultural infrastructure, promotion of agricultural productivity growth through improved technology adoption, as well as provision of basic services such as water, sanitation and electricity in rural areas.