Suchergebnisse

Social Security (SS) was formulated on a pay-as-you-go basis. Thus, current workers' contributions fund retired workers' benefits. As baby boomers begin to retire, the contribution-to-benefit ratio would decline significantly. In response, some advocates of reform have been proposing privatization of the SS system. Specifically, for African Americans whose retirement incomes are highly dependent on SS incomes, the question of how to fix the system is of paramount concern. To this end, this study investigates the potential implications of SS privatization with respect to African Americans and the majority population. Using data from various sources, particularly the U.S. Bureau of Census Current Population Survey and the Survey of Consumer Finances, this study concludes via a descriptive case study approach that the benefits of the current SS program outweigh the costs. In contrast, the costs of SS privatization far exceed the benefits in the case of African Americans compared with the majority population

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between attitudes toward women and managerial ability of African Americans. African American males were compared with African American females on both the Attitudes Toward Women Scale and the Supervisory Ability Scale. No differences were found between the groups regarding supervisory ability. However, significant differences were found between males and females on the AWS scale. According to their score on the AWS scale, males were divided into those who had traditional views of the roles of women and those who held liberal views of the roles of women. Those characterized as liberal had a significantly higher score on the Supervisory Ability Scale than those characterized as traditional. These findings imply that as more able African‐American males advance in management, African‐American females may fare better than at present.

Chronology -- Liberia : Black colony -- American support : dollar diplomacy -- Davis : mission defined -- Young : rescuing Liberia -- York, Green, Anderson : war and peace -- Young : final post -- Nabors, Staten, Outley : mission transition -- Firestone : privatization -- Afterward : starting over -- Conclusion : accomplishments -- Appendix : biographies of African Americans who served in Liberia 1910-1942

This qualitative study examines the coping strategies of African American grandmothers grieving the loss of an adult child to an AIDS death while parenting orphaned grandchildren. The results suggest that (a) African American cultural norms compel caregiving behaviors that include parenting grandchildren, even at great personal cost; (b) an abiding religious and spiritual faith allowed the respondents to cope with the several losses they experienced; and (c) social service agencies, churches, primary care and mental health facilities that provide services for AIDS survivors will need to develop programs that are culturally sensitive and accessible to the targeted populations.

The Critical Black Studies Reader is a ground-breaking volume whose aim is to criticalize and reenvision Black Studies through a critical lens. The book not only stretches the boundaries of knowledge and understanding of issues critical to the Black experience, it creates a theoretical grounding that is intersectional in its approach. Our notion of Black Studies is neither singularly grounded in African American Studies nor on traditional notions of the Black experience. Though situated work in this field has historically grappled with the question of «where are we?» in Black Studies, this volume offers the reader a type of criticalization that has not occurred to this point. While the volume includes seminal works by authors in the field, as a critical endeavor, the editors have also included pieces that address the political issues that intersect with – among others – power, race, class, gender, sexuality, religion, place, and economics.

The development of work roles among African American women is discussed using a self-regenerating loop characteristic of historicist theory. The necessity of a multicultural view of women and work is essential in understanding African American women and their families. The use of past circumstances and consequences results in a more comprehensive model for African American married women in the incorporation of the interaction between work and family. Work outside the home as a significant component in the lives of African American women commands careful attention to theories and historical discussions. Different experiences by race in paid employment outside the home have implications for understanding current issues affecting all employed women.

Presents a framework for discussions in which all workers, Black, Brown, and White, are urged to take part; includes unemployment, the wage gap, and the need for African Americans to be represented at all levels of government.

For a variety of reasons, there is little systematic evidence about African American attitudes about interracial marriage. National data are often sparse or not available, and they are often dated. Using a Year 2000 nationally representative poll from The New York Times, we analyze African American approval of interracial marriage. The sample comprised 934 African Americans. Eighty-five percent say they approve of interracial marriage. Education, sex, age, and region are significantly related to approval in the bivariate analyses. Analysis of the amount of contact or friendship African Americans have with Whites appears to be a critical variable affecting attitudes about intergroup marriage; the effects of most of the other variables become nonsignificant when friendship is included in the analysis.

"This is the first paper to document the effect of health on the migration propensities of African Americans in the American past. Using both IPUMS and the Colored Troops Sample of the Civil War Union Army Data, I estimate the effects of literacy and health on the migration propensities of African Americans from 1870 to 1910. I find that literacy and health shocks were strong predictors of migration and the stock of health was not. There were differential selection propensities based on slave status - former slaves were less likely to migrate given a specific health shock than free blacks. Counterfactuals suggest that as much as 35% of the difference in the mobility patterns of former slaves and free blacks is explained by differences in their human capital, and more than 20% of that difference is due to health alone. Overall, the selection effect of literacy on migration is reduced by one-tenth to one-third once health is controlled for. The low levels of human capital accumulation and rates of mobility for African Americans after the Civil War are partly explained by the poor health status of slaves and their immediate descendants"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

AbstractThis article examines transnational connections between African American emancipation in the United States and Chinese and Indian indenture within the British Empire. In an era of social upheaval and capitalist crisis, planters and colonial officials envisioned coolies as a source of uninterrupted plantation labor. This vision was often bound to the conditions of African American emancipation. In British Honduras, colonial officials sought to bring emancipated African Americans to the colony as labor for sugar plantations. When this project failed, interest turned toward indentured Chinese labor managed by white planters from the U.S. South. In India's North-Western Provinces, the outbreak of famine came to be seen as a "kindred distress" to the crisis in Lancashire's textile industry. Unemployed English factory workers were seen as suffering from famine due to the scarcity of slave-produced cotton, just as colonial subjects suffered from scarcity of food. While some weavers in the North-Western Provinces were taken into the coolie trade, the emigration of unemployed Lancashire weavers was looked to as a possible alternative to indenture. Drawing upon archives in Australia, Belize, Britain, India, and the United States, this article explores connections between seemingly disparate histories. By focusing upon their interrelation, this article locates the formation of crisis not in raw materials, but rather within a transnational struggle over racialized labor exploitation, or what W.E.B. Du Bois called the "dark and vast sea of human labor."

Lies, fairytales and fallacies : immigration and the complexity of black public opinion -- Citizens first? African Americans as conflicted nativists -- Emigrants, immigrants and refugees: immigration as a strategy for black liberation (1815-1862) -- (Re)Remembering race : collective memory and racial hierarchy in the present -- Conflicted nativism an emprical view -- Conclusion -- Appendix A -- Appendix B.

Presentation made at Latinos in the Heartland (8th : 2010 : St. Louis, Mo.) and published in the annual conference proceedings. ; This research details three markers in the history of race and ethnic relations through a theoretical lens that addresses them from an African American perspective to illustrate what Latin Americans can learn from the experiences of blacks in American politics. The three markers include Chief Justice Taney's decision in Dred Scott (1857), the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) and Harold Washington's Chicago Mayoral Campaign in 1983. These events offer a critique and praxis of pluralism in traditional political theory and do shape the political landscape for race and ethnicity. Where they offer perspectives for racial and ethnic minorities in the United States to learn from, Latin Americans in particular, given controversies surrounding recent immigration patterns, can gain from knowledge and the analysis of the events. Likewise, the African American community can gain from Latin American perspectives. Through shared, periphery frames of reference, the brief history, and the environment surrounding the markers, in advancing a common ground from a critique of traditional political theory, the research thus provides direction for theory development that respects the value of pluralism despite its failures from theory into practice.

"The most complete and affordable single-volume reference of African American culture available today, this almanac is a unique and valuable resource devoted to illustrating and demystifying the moving, difficult, and often lost history of black life in America. A legacy of pride, struggle, and triumph spanning more than 400 years is presented through a fascinating mix of biographies-including 500 influential figures-little-known or misunderstood historical facts, enlightening essays on significant legislation and movements, and 150 rare photographs and illustrations. Covering events surrounding the civil rights movement; African American literature, art, and music; religion within the black community; and advances in science and medicine, this reference connects history to the issues currently facing the African American community and provides a range of information on society and culture"--