Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Introduction: Critical Insights-Bringing the social sciences and humanities to AI -- The Birth of AI Criticism: Discontent from Within -- From Social Problems to Machines: Connecting Criticism to Computing -- Collecting Critical Approaches: Chapter Overview -- Part I: Posthumanism -- Part II: Human Values -- Part III: Media and Language -- Part IV: Governance -- Part V: Resistance -- References -- Posthumanism -- Virtually Grown Up: Posthumanism and Artificial Intelligence in Fiction for Young People -- Rectification or Wreckage? Posthumanism, AI, and Literary Theory -- Screened Out: Aetonormativity and YLM in the Digital Era -- Kids, Grown-Ups, and Virtuality: The Semiotic Intersection of Aetonormativity and AI -- References -- The Feminised Robot: Labour and Harawayan Afterlives -- Introduction-What's Behind the Curtain? -- A Return to Labour -- The Feminised Robot -- How Does It Work? -- Conclusion -- Works Cited -- Human values -- AI's Fast and Furtive Spread by Infusion into Technologies That Are Already in Use-A Critical Assessment -- Introduction -- Beneficence -- Advantages -- Open Issues -- Non-maleficence -- Privacy Infringement -- Online Nudging -- Nature of the Harms -- Justice -- Varying Preferences -- Personalized Experiences -- Centralization of Online Influence -- Autonomy -- AI in Online Choice Environments -- Who Hands Over Decision-Support Powers to AI? -- Explicability -- When Does AI Work? -- The Ambiguity Surrounding Version Updates -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Dumbwaiters and Smartphones: The Responsibility of Intelligence -- Deaf and Dumb -- Call and Response -- Purpose Driven Life -- Smart Furniture, Intelligent Algorithms -- Speak Up -- Artful Dodgers -- References -- Media and Language.

The purpose of this paper is to present briefly the theories of secular social and economic development which can be found in the work of Karl Marx and to place them within the context of general thought and theorizing on these matters during the nineteenth century. I shall not present in this paper any new interpretations of Marx's theories, but shall merely try to show that Marx's views are related at many points to other theories on social and economic development proposed during his life and that in many ways he must be regarded as a typical thinker of that period of European social thought.

AbstractIn putting Wendt's recent Quantum Mind in a larger context both of his own disciplinary engagement and some larger philosophical issues, I try to avoid a hasty dismissal, since the book seems at first blush to offer a 'theory of everything', or an uncritical acceptance, since the desire to know what makes the world hand together has always been part of the knowledge game. As to the first problem, I find it rather odd that Wendt spends little time in justifying his particular take on quantum theory, which is far from uncontroversial. Second, I attempt to understand why he has given up on the profession trying now to solve puzzles in the field by claiming that 'quantum consciousness theory' provides us with an 'ace up the sleeve'. But the fact that wave collapse plays havoc with our traditional notions of cause, location, and mass, does not without further ado entitle us to claim that all or most problems in social science dealing with issues of validity and meaning of our concepts (rather than 'truth/falsity', as decided by making existential assertions) have been solved by quantum mechanics.

This article presents the results of the development and application of improved methodological tools based on spatial econometrics. The authors started with analyzing the spatial distribution of two social phenomena – democratization and suicide level. The following procedures were carried out for each indicator: a selection of reliable and regularly collected and published data, density-measuring zoning on the basis of a diagram and a map of extent, calculation of local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA) and calculation of the authors' proposed spatial dependence index (SDI) to identify and interpret anomalous SDI values. The authors obtained anomalous values indicating the supposedly significant role of geographical factors (SDI >0.08): press freedom, political rights protection and state fragility for political regimes; autonomy index and religiousness level for suicides per 100,000 population. The research results are not intended to be exhaustive; however, the authors conclude that spatial econometrics tools, being extrapolated and used along with other traditional methods of political and social sciences, are useful for finding outputs of spatial relations and distribution of certain socio-economic and political phenomena that are not always logically obvious. In addition, the proposed analysis algorithm can be used for the analysis of other quantifiable and statistically tracked phenomena.

InVieth v. Jubilirer(2004) the Supreme Court found that claims of political gerrymandering could not be adjudicated by the courts. The reason for this was the finding that there did not exist a suitable standard to determine the existence of a political gerrymander that was both constitutionally justified and practically manageable. This paper questions the social science assumptions behind this finding. In particular it questions the assertion that the proposed standard that a majority of voters should be able to elect a majority of representative rests on a group right to equal representation, which does exist in the Constitution. Using social choice theory it is shown that the standard can be sustained strictly in terms of granting equal rights to individuals. The paper also considers how such a standard could be practically applied.