Suchergebnisse

1. The doctrine of self-defence and its limits in criminal law -- 2. The laws of war and the roots of international self-defence -- 3. From sovereignty to unilateralism : a critique of the preventive war doctrine -- 4. The role and rationale of the imminence requirement in national and international law -- 5. Conclusions.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the impact of economic growth on Brazilian international reserves holdings in the context of Error Correction Mechanism using data over the 1980-2014 period. The results reveal that economic growth is highly significant. From the estimation of our model, we argue that economic growth and international reserves have positive long run relationship. Error correction estimates validated our model for error correction term is negative and statistically significant. Besides, our model suggested that economic growth has short run relationship too. The speed of adjustment is more than 40% which indicated that error correction term corrects previous year disequilibrium at the rate of 40.4%.

Georgia has been demonstrating double-digit GDP growth rates for the second year in a row. If in 2021 this growth was associated with a post-pandemic recovery, in 2022 a special contribution to the development of the Georgian economy was made by income from growing tourism and increased remittances from Russia many times over. The new international political reality that has developed in the world since the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has also had an impact on the increase in trade flows now going through Georgia. Under the influence of rapid economic growth, the government has developed four main directions of Georgia's development for the future – the transformation of the country into a transport, energy, technological and financial hub.

This paper – which is based on the Thomas Franck Lecture held by the author at Humboldt University Berlin on 13 May 2019 – argues that the most likely development of international to be expected will be the coexistence of two "legal worlds". On the one hand, an inter-State law brutally regulating political relations between human groups whitewashed by nationalism; on the other hand, a transnational or "a-national" law regulating economic relations between private as well as public interests. Further, the paper argues that there are two obvious victims – of very different nature – of this foreseeable evolution: the human being on the one hand, the certainty and effectiveness of the rule of law itself on the other hand.

This essay surveys the operations of foreign policy think tanks, and how they have functioned to create transnational knowledge networks, since their emergence in the early twentieth century, around the First World War. It discusses how patterns of linkages among foreign policy think tanks changed and evolved over time, and were linked to broader Anglo-American, imperial, and internationalist networks and relationships, and to the changing international political climate and configuration. It suggests some ways in which think tanks contributed to Cold War interchanges between different states, especially to Soviet bloc–Western relations and Asian–Western relations. It concludes by discussing the recent proliferation and frequent globalization of foreign policy think tanks, and suggests how such trends may develop in future. Keywords ; postprint

This thesis is a collection of three essays on the economic consequences of international migration. The first chapter studies the impact of emigration on wages in the sending countries. It exploits a change in the migration laws in Europe following EU enlargement in 2004 which triggered an emigration wave of 1.2 million workers within 3 years. Using data from Lithuania, the UK and Ireland, I find that emigration led to an increase in the wages of stayers. For a 10 percentage-point increase in the emigration rate, wages increased on average by 6.6%. This effect is statistically significant for men, but not for women. ; TARA (Trinity?s Access to Research Archive) has a robust takedown policy. Please contact us if you have any concerns: rssadmin@tcd.ie

The issue of world income inequality has been debated widely in the literature. At issue is whether inequality has, on the whole, been increasing or decreasing over time. I reexamine results from Firebaugh's (1999) seminal article on demographic e?ects on inequality, in which he found a 30-year "plateau" of world income inequality when countries are weighted based on their populations. In contrast, I show that the increasing integration of market economies over the past decades has been re?ected in dramatically increasing international inequality. "Inequality" as currently measured, however, may bear little resemblance to a naive under-standing of the term. I conclude with some preliminary ?gures from an alternate characterization of convergence and divergence, based on world-systems categories.

Verlagsinfo: An den nationalen und internationalen Geld-, Kredit- und Kapitalmärkten ist seit einigen Jahren eine Reihe von Entwicklungstendenzen beobachtbar, die die Funktionsweise dieser Märkte offenbar nachhaltig beeinflussen. Deregulierungs- und Liberalisierungsmassnahmen ermoglichen die Eröffnung neuer Märkte, so in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland etwa den Markt fur D-Mark-Commercial-papers. Zugleich stellen sich veränderte Anforderungen an die Art und die Institutionalisierung der Beschaffung, Verarbeitung und Verbreitung von Informationen auf diesen Märkten. Das im Zuge der Internationalisierung und Globalisierung der Märkte gewachsene Spektrum der Anlage- und Finanzierungsfazilitaten erweitert die Handlungsmoglichkeiten der Marktteilnehmer, birgt aber zugleich neue Risiken. Die Beurteilung des Bonitätsrisikos wird auf den Wertpapiermärkten in zunehmendem Masse auch spezialisierten Agenturen übertragen, die in der Form eines Rating - meist auf den einzelnen Finanztitel bezogene - Meinungen über die Fähigkeit und rechtliche Bindung von Emittenten abgeben, den zwingend fälligen Zahlungsverpflichtungen vollständig und rechtzeitig nachzukommen. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit, die von der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultat der Universitat zu Köln als Dissertation angenommen wurde, greift der Dipl. -Kfm. Dr. Oliver Everling ein im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum ausreichend bearbeitetes Thema auf, das vor dem Hintergrund der nicht zuletzt von deutschen Initiatoren getragenen Bemühungen um die Einrichtung einer europäischen Ratingagentur besondere Relevanz besitzt.

Verlagsinfo: An den nationalen und internationalen Geld-, Kredit- und Kapitalmärkten ist seit einigen Jahren eine Reihe von Entwicklungstendenzen beobachtbar, die die Funktionsweise dieser Märkte offenbar nachhaltig beeinflussen. Deregulierungs- und Liberalisierungsmassnahmen ermoglichen die Eröffnung neuer Märkte, so in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland etwa den Markt fur D-Mark-Commercial-papers. Zugleich stellen sich veränderte Anforderungen an die Art und die Institutionalisierung der Beschaffung, Verarbeitung und Verbreitung von Informationen auf diesen Märkten. Das im Zuge der Internationalisierung und Globalisierung der Märkte gewachsene Spektrum der Anlage- und Finanzierungsfazilitaten erweitert die Handlungsmoglichkeiten der Marktteilnehmer, birgt aber zugleich neue Risiken. Die Beurteilung des Bonitätsrisikos wird auf den Wertpapiermärkten in zunehmendem Masse auch spezialisierten Agenturen übertragen, die in der Form eines Rating - meist auf den einzelnen Finanztitel bezogene - Meinungen über die Fähigkeit und rechtliche Bindung von Emittenten abgeben, den zwingend fälligen Zahlungsverpflichtungen vollständig und rechtzeitig nachzukommen. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit, die von der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Fakultat der Universitat zu Köln als Dissertation angenommen wurde, greift der Dipl. -Kfm. Dr. Oliver Everling ein im deutschsprachigen Raum bisher kaum ausreichend bearbeitetes Thema auf, das vor dem Hintergrund der nicht zuletzt von deutschen Initiatoren getragenen Bemühungen um die Einrichtung einer europäischen Ratingagentur besondere Relevanz besitzt.

The Brainpower Forum was established as an industry-education-government forum which had the objective of brining together representatives of ISF's members in these three categories for the purpose of developing policy on common problems in the area of scientific manpower. One of the Foundation's military members, the U.S. Naval Postgraduate Schoo. offered its facility to the Forum and the first conference in the series was held in Monterey, October 24-25 1956. The second was August 5-8 1956. This is the third conference. Participants included from the Naval Postgraduate School: A. E. Vivell, Sydney H. Kalmbach, Thomas E. Oberbeck, L. W. Williams, E. E. Yeomans

Contiene: Preservation of functional properties of limbs following fractures / A.S. de Santamaria.-- Pág. 986.-- Lessons of the war in the treatment of fractures of the limbs

Contiene: Lessons of the war from the viewpoint of treatment of diaphysial limb fracture / P. Derache.-- Págs. 978-979.-- Lessons of the war in the treatment of fractures of the limbs