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Purpose– This paper aims to explore the true sources of innovation that revolutionized two sports industries – skiing and tennis, tracking the flow of ideas and power of technology brokering through the eyes of the innovator, Howard Head.Design/methodology/approach– Using a focal innovation action-set framework, the authors unite heretofore-disparate pieces of information to paint a more complete picture of the innovation and technology brokering process. Primary source material from Head's patents, personal memoirs and journals and documented correspondence between him, his brother and his colleagues are augmented with secondary source material from periodicals, media excerpts and the academic literature.Findings– Head stands as an exemplar example of a technology broker, both through his serial practice of recombinant innovation and his savvy exploitation of resources. Results discredit the Great Man Theory of Innovation, while emphasizing the importance of exploiting social capital to realize opportunities.Originality/value– This paper is the first to offer detailed insight into the technology brokering and innovation processes that revolutionized the tennis and skiing industries. It is novel in that it is one of very few papers to challenge the Great Man Theory of Innovation propagated by many textbooks and mass media, explores the process of technology brokering from the broker's perspective rather than organizationally and uses focal innovation action-set methodology to complement a historical biographical sketch of innovativeness relative to sports equipment and machines.

¿Qué sucede cuando organizaciones de la sociedad civil (grupos feministas, medioambientales, lgbti), específicamente, contra-públicos o públicos débiles (Fraser, 1997) encauzan sus demandas a través de los medios de comunicación? Este es el interrogante se propone dilucidar en el presente artículo a través de la confrontación teórica entre varios de los autores que piensan, críticamente, las nociones de esfera pública, de opinión pública y de públicos. Desde lo propuesto por Jürgen Habermas, Nancy Fraser y Pierre Bourdieu esto entraña ciertos problemas, cuando no contradicciones. Sin embargo, la visibilidad mediática se presenta como un tipo de poder simbólico que les permitiría a estos actores ganar representatividad política y alterar, junto con otras acciones, las relaciones de poder establecidas. ; What happens when civil society organizations (women's groups, environmental, lgbti), specifically, subaltern counterpublics or «weak public» (Fraser, 1997) channel their demands through the media? This article intends to elucidate through theoretical confrontation between several of the authors who think critically notions of public sphere, publics and public opinion. Considering the contributions of Jürgen Habermas, Nancy Fraser and Pierre Bourdieu this contains certain problems when if not contradictions. Nevertheless, the media visibility appears as a type of symbolic power that would allow them these actors to gain political representation and to alter, together with other actions, the relations of power established. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

International audience ; Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich aus semantischer und diskursiver Sicht mit Namen bewohnter Orte im Französischen. Die Merkmale dieser linguistischen Form sowie die Vielseitigkeit ihres Gebrauchs werden in verschiedenen Sprachfeldern, insbesondere in der Mediensprache beschrieben. Die Grundform "Eigenname eines bewohnten Ortes" wird durch drei Hauptmerkmale charakterisiert, die jeweils den Raum, das Kollektive und das Politische betreffen. Diese Hauptmerkmale kommen in den Gebrauchsfällen vor oder nicht. Im Mediendiskurs kommen zu diesen Hauptzügen hergeleitete Benennungen ("institutionelle Metonymien", "ereignisabhängige Metonymien") hinzu, die von regelmässigen, diskursiven Routinen und extralinguistischen Bedingungen abhängen. Jene verschiedenen Benennungsgründe erklären das im Kontext Zusammentreffen und Überschneiden der beschriebenen Werte, das nennen wir "die Bedeutungsvielfalt" der Eigennamen bewohnter Orte. ; This paper focuses on names of inhabited places in French, adopting a semantic and discursive perspective. Through examples of the use made of these toponyms in different types of discourse, particularly those that characterize the media, we identify the special features of this type of linguistic sign and its polyvalence. The type "name of an inhabited place" possesses three principal dimensions: 'spatial', 'collective' (inhabitants), 'political', which may or may not be expressed in the occurrences. In media discourse, additional denominations produced through regular discursive practices (institutional metonymies, event metonymies) and depending on extra-linguistic conditions can be found. These different sources of meaning account for the meeting and overlapping in specific contexts of the semantic values attached to place names; we designate this feature as their "polysignifiance". ; L'article aborde les noms de lieux habités en français, d'un point de vue sémantique et discursif. À partir de l'usage qu'en font différents types de discours, notamment les médias ...

Senior emergency management personnel face more extreme events and more complex challenges than their predecessors and these challenges will increase in the future. One of the key challenges that senior emergency managers face is the evaluation of operational performance in the context of increasing scrutiny from media, legal and political spheres. To investigate this issue we collected survey data from 38 senior emergency management leaders who operate at the strategic level (above the local IMT) as part of a broader survey examining the challenges of strategic emergency management (funded by the Bushfire CRC, Owen et al., 2013). Participants reported concerns that operational performance is currently judged by external sources (such as the media) in an often post--‐hoc and arbitrary manner and is dependent on whether or not what happened in the end was perceived as a good outcome. Reliance on the outcome of a complex event is problematic because there is not an absolute correlation between the process of managing an emergency and the outcome. Bad outcomes can occur despite good operational processes and good outcomes can occur despite bad operational processes. For example, all the best processes might have been in place and performed well but the outcome was bad because of unexpected climactic conditions, such as a wind change. This paper will outline the views of senior leaders in emergency management about what needs to be taken into account when measuring operational performance.

Today's globalized world characterized by of permanent change here advertisement has become a powerful mass media, influencing not only economics, but also other different aspects of social life. This article attempts to trace the impact of advertising and it's power for both society and the individual and the consequences of this process on the development of the whole humanity. Increasingly formed centers of power in mass media, including advertising, and uses as a powerful ideological and political instrument of their pragmatic goals. Faced with such a one-day action here and now and behavioral paradigm, society increasingly find themselves at an impasse. This puts it increasingly urgent questions of responsibility and security, without which the decision can not be further positive development of civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to present the public to understand the social and cultural context of this phenomenon both negative as well as positive aspects and their impact on society. Various methodological and artistic insights help article analyzes the impact of advertising on the essence and power, which unfolds through advertising, as metaphors era, social be. This allows the author's opinion, the advertising and the PHENOMENON trace it sugestionuojantį lying and forming potential, which can replace the use of non-only those unwanted or other course of events, but also to develop a new paradigm for the positive development of society.

This article articulates that the terrorists in Indonesia are basically a group of normal people who have sound minds and a long-term goal to establish an Islamic government system based on the teachings of the Quran and Hadith. This study employed qualitative approach by acquiring the data through interviews, document analysis and media information covering terrorists and terrorism. A former terrorist involved in Bali bombing I served as the research informant. Data from in-depth interviews and document analysis were analyzed by utilizing social identity and social cognition theory about ideology of jihad. The article concludes that the changing process from the ordinary people into the terrorist strongly relates to jihad ideology and search for identity. ; Artikel ini menggambarkan bahwa para teroris setidaknya di Indonesia adalah kumpulan orang normal yang memiliki pikiran yang sehat dan memiliki tujuan jangka panjang untuk menegakkan sistem pemerintahan Islam yang berdasarkan ajaran Al-Qur'an dan Hadis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui wawancara, telaah dokumen, dan informasi media tentang teroris dan terorisme. Satu orang mantan teroris yang pernah terlibat dalam kasus Bom Bali 1 dipilih untuk menjadi responden penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam dan telaah dokumen dianalisa dengan teori identitas sosial dan teori kognisi sosial mengenai ideologisasi jihad. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa proses perubahan orang biasa menjadi teroris sangat berkaitan dengan ideologisasi jihad dan pencarian identitas.

Современные СМИ формируют у читателей, зрителей и слушателей опреде­ленные взгляды на общественные, политические и социальные проблемы, а по­тому представляется весьма важным и интересным рассмотрение вопроса о том, насколько точно и правильно понимает адресат авторскую позицию и задачу. При создании такого текста для журналиста важным является умение прогнозировать и устранять коммуникативные барьеры непонимания и неверной интерпретации информации. В статье определены выявленные в результате экспериментальных исследований проблемы понимания адресатом текстов средств массовой информа­ции. В частности, рассмотрены причины непонимания текста, связанные с кодированием информации, определены типы журналистов с точки зрения вектора их коммуникативной направленности. Исследование проводилось на стыке психологии, лингвистики и коммуникативистики. ; Modern mass media form certain readers, viewers and listeners' views on political and social problems, and that is why it is very important and interesting to consider an issue of how accurately and correctly the addressee understands the author's position and the target task. During the creation of such text it is very important for a journalist to predict and eliminate communication barriers of misunderstanding and misinterpretation of information. In article problems of addressee understanding of mass media texts are defined. In particular, we examine the causes of misunderstanding of the text which are associated with the encoding of information types and define types of journalists which are depend on their communicative orientation vector. Research was conducted at the intersection of psychology, linguistics and communication studies.

Los elementos personales en general y las entrevistas de personalidad en su particularidad se han erigido como uno de los mejores contenidos para conocer a un personaje, sea cual sea su relevancia, ocupación o perfil profesional. En la Transición española poseyeron una trascendencia capital, por la especial idiosincrasia de un período de numerosos cambios y constantes llamadas electorales. Caracterizado por la entrada en el panorama mediático de un gran número de aspirantes políticos, más los que llevaban mayor tiempo en la escena pública. La estrategia electoral seguida por las diferentes formaciones y la mayor o menor preponderancia de los líderes en los medios de comunicación jugaron un papel muy a tener en cuenta. ; Personal features in general, and personality interviews in particular have set themselves up as one of the best contents to get to know a character, whatever his relevance, occupation or professional profile. During the Spanish Transition they possessed a major importance because of the special idiosyncrasy of a period with numerous changes and constant electoral processes. It was characterized by the entry into the media landscape of a large number of aspiring politicians, more those who had already been long time in the public scene. The electoral strategy followed by the different parties and the higher or lower preponderance of the leaders in the media played an important role to take into account.

Today's globalized world characterized by of permanent change here advertisement has become a powerful mass media, influencing not only economics, but also other different aspects of social life. This article attempts to trace the impact of advertising and it's power for both society and the individual and the consequences of this process on the development of the whole humanity. Increasingly formed centers of power in mass media, including advertising, and uses as a powerful ideological and political instrument of their pragmatic goals. Faced with such a one-day action here and now and behavioral paradigm, society increasingly find themselves at an impasse. This puts it increasingly urgent questions of responsibility and security, without which the decision can not be further positive development of civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to present the public to understand the social and cultural context of this phenomenon both negative as well as positive aspects and their impact on society. Various methodological and artistic insights help article analyzes the impact of advertising on the essence and power, which unfolds through advertising, as metaphors era, social be. This allows the author's opinion, the advertising and the PHENOMENON trace it sugestionuojantį lying and forming potential, which can replace the use of non-only those unwanted or other course of events, but also to develop a new paradigm for the positive development of society.

This paper seeks to explore and analyse the different means and mechanisms of influence employed by Russia on the three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania). By influence, it means the attempt to try and get another country to behave in a manner that benefits the influencer's policy and/or interests. As such, this can entail exerting one of two forms of power, hard or soft (as defined by Nye, 2004) to bring about the compliance. The current paper restricts its focus to those mechanisms related to shaping opinion and perception, such as public diplomacy (in its various forms). To begin with the paper shall define the various concepts used – influence, power and public diplomacy. It shall then shift to the different Russian institutions that have been created to shape and manage influence, such as Russky Mir or Rossotrudnichestvo. Plus there are those other elements that exist in the region – Russian compatriots and Russian language media (both local and external to the Baltic States). Then the paper shall deal with relations between Russia and the Baltic States, with a focus upon recent history. Sources shall not be limited to academic literature and mass media resources, but will also include interviews for an 'insider' perspective on the issue. The responses shall be used to address the following question: How do people in the Baltic States perceive Russian soft power and influence?

The Toronto conference statement made it clear that climate change would affect everyone. It called greenhouse gas atmospheric pollution an 'uncontrolled, globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to nuclear war'. World governments were urged to swiftly develop emission reduction targets (The changing atmosphere: implications for global security, 1988). Relevant to both Australian and overseas audiences, here is the untold story of how Australia buried its knowledge on climate change science and response options during the 1990s — going from clarity to confusion and doubt after arguably leading the world in citizen understanding and a political will to act in the late 1980s. 'What happened and why' is a fascinating exploration drawing on the public record of how a society revised its good understanding on a critical issue affecting every citizen. It happened through political and media communication, regardless of international scientific assessments that have remained consistent in ascribing causes and risks since 1990. How could this happen? The author examines the major influences, with lessons for the present, on how the story was reframed. Key have been values and beliefs, including economic beliefs, that trumped the science, the ability of changing political leaders and the mass media to set the story for the public, as well as the role of scientists' own communication over time and the use and misuse of uncertainty.

This paper analyses strategic thinking around election campaign communication in a rapidly evolving media environment, characterized by the rise of digital communication channels and online social networks as new tools of political campaigning. Using an expert survey with campaign managers of 68 political parties within 12 European nations, representing both old and new EU member states, the study investigates the perceived importance of different types of communication platforms in meeting campaign objectives, especially with regard to differences between new and direct modes of campaigning in comparison to traditional campaign channels. The attributed significance to these various channels is then analysed against a range of variables on macro (country) level as well as meso (party) level. The results suggest that while some differences can be observed in regard to the perceptions of particular types of social media between individual strategists working for parties as well as between strategists working in new and old EU member states (e.g. Facebook is seen as more important in younger democracies), overall we can see a relatively high level of homogeneity in the perceived importance of campaign communication in the sample. The data point to the embedding of new communication platforms within election campaign strategies across most nations and parties; this indicates that the move towards 'hypermedia' campaign style, integrating both old and new campaign tools and communication platforms, is now becoming a standard feature of professional campaigning strategy in Europe.

Today's globalized world characterized by of permanent change here advertisement has become a powerful mass media, influencing not only economics, but also other different aspects of social life. This article attempts to trace the impact of advertising and it's power for both society and the individual and the consequences of this process on the development of the whole humanity. Increasingly formed centers of power in mass media, including advertising, and uses as a powerful ideological and political instrument of their pragmatic goals. Faced with such a one-day action here and now and behavioral paradigm, society increasingly find themselves at an impasse. This puts it increasingly urgent questions of responsibility and security, without which the decision can not be further positive development of civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to present the public to understand the social and cultural context of this phenomenon both negative as well as positive aspects and their impact on society. Various methodological and artistic insights help article analyzes the impact of advertising on the essence and power, which unfolds through advertising, as metaphors era, social be. This allows the author's opinion, the advertising and the PHENOMENON trace it sugestionuojantį lying and forming potential, which can replace the use of non-only those unwanted or other course of events, but also to develop a new paradigm for the positive development of society.

Today's globalized world characterized by of permanent change here advertisement has become a powerful mass media, influencing not only economics, but also other different aspects of social life. This article attempts to trace the impact of advertising and it's power for both society and the individual and the consequences of this process on the development of the whole humanity. Increasingly formed centers of power in mass media, including advertising, and uses as a powerful ideological and political instrument of their pragmatic goals. Faced with such a one-day action here and now and behavioral paradigm, society increasingly find themselves at an impasse. This puts it increasingly urgent questions of responsibility and security, without which the decision can not be further positive development of civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to present the public to understand the social and cultural context of this phenomenon both negative as well as positive aspects and their impact on society. Various methodological and artistic insights help article analyzes the impact of advertising on the essence and power, which unfolds through advertising, as metaphors era, social be. This allows the author's opinion, the advertising and the PHENOMENON trace it sugestionuojantį lying and forming potential, which can replace the use of non-only those unwanted or other course of events, but also to develop a new paradigm for the positive development of society.

The predictions related to earthquakes have drawn the attention of society as well as media in the developing countries where the 'common' people have different perceptions. Most often, popular myths take over scientific facts among the public, and this can lead to rumors about natural hazards. This article will mention rumors related to natural disasters, and particularly the rumors regarding the response of society, media and government when earthquakes happen. This research emphasizes the ethical responsibility needed to be undertaken by scientists to avoid panic instead of the rumors by pseudo-experts. This article summarizes the efforts provided by the scientists to prevent the recent rumors about a sudden water rise in Lake Van, the flash flood occurred in the Samsun Province and the earthquake happened (M 6.7, October 23, 2011) in the Van Province in Turkey. ; Depremle ilgili tahminler insanların farklı algılara sahip olduğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde toplumun dikkatinin yanı sıra medyanın da dikkatini çekmiş durumdadır. Çoğu zaman, toplumda halk efsaneleri bilimsel gerçeklerin yerini alabilmektedir ve bu durum doğal afetler hakkında söylentilere yol açmaktadır. Bu makale doğal afetler ile ilgili söylentiler ve özellikle deprem durumunda toplum, medya ve hükümetin tepkisi hakkında söylentilere değinecektir. Bu araştırma sözde uzmanlardan kaynaklanan söylentiler yerine bilim insanlarının paniği önlemek için üstlenmeleri gereken etik sorumluluğa dikkat çekmektedir. Bu makale, Türkiye'de, Van Gölündeki ani yükselme, Samsun İlinde meydana gelen ani sel ve Van'da gerçekleşen deprem (M 6.7, 23 Ekim 20