Suchergebnisse

In der Dissertation wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche globalen bildungspolitischen Maßnahmen erforderlich sind, um auch bislang exkludierten Menschen den Kompetenzerwerb zu ermöglichen, der benötigt wird, eine positive User Experience in benutzergenerierten, digitalen Lernumgebungen auszubilden, damit sie an der modernen Weltgesellschaft selbstbestimmt teilhaben können. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Castells 'Netzwerkgesellschaft' und Csikszentmihalys 'Theorie der optimalen Erfahrung' als analytische Grundlagen zur Einordnung der sozialen Netzwerk-Aktivitäten herangezogen. Dies ermöglichte es, unter Rückgriff auf aktuelle Lerntheorien, Kompetenzdebatten, ökonomische Analysen des Bildungssystems und User Experience-Forschungen, einige individuelle und gesamtgesellschaftliche Voraussetzungen abzuleiten, um in der Netzwerkgesellschaft konstruktiv überleben zu können. Mit Blick auf unterschiedliche sozio-kulturelle Bedingungen für persönlichen Flow im 'space of flows' liessen sich schließlich differenzierte Flow-Kriterien entwickeln, die als Grundlage für die Operationalisierung im Rahmen einer Real-Time Delphi (RTD)-Studie mit einem internationalen Expertinnen-Panel dienen konnten. Ziel war es, bildungspolitische Ansatzpunkte zu finden, den bislang Exkludierten bis zum Jahre 2020 erste Rahmenbedingungen zu bieten, damit sie potentiell teilhaben können an der Gestaltung der zukünftigen Netzwerkgesellschaft. Das Ergebnis der Expertinnen-Befragung wurde unter Rückgriff auf aktuelle Global und Educational Governance-Studien und das Einflusspotenzial der Zivilgesellschaft auf den Digital Divide reflektiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund konnten abschließend vier bildungspolitische Verlaufsszenarien entworfen werden, die es ermöglichen könnten, bis 2020 die Kluft zu den global Exkludierten wenigstens etwas zu schließen.

Article published in an open access journal and also available at http://jcom.sissa.it/archive/11/04/Jcom1104%282012%29C01/Jcom1104%282012%29C02/Jcom1104%282012%29C02.pdf ; International audience ; Science museums perform representations of science and that of its publics. They have been called to intervene in nanotechnology within global public policy programs expected to develop the field. This paper discusses the case of European science museums. It starts by examining the case of a European project that involved science museums working on nanotechnology. This example illustrates a "democratic imperative" that European science museums face, and which implies a transformation of their public role. It offers a path for the analysis of the current evolution of European science communication perspective - from "public understanding of science" to "scientific understanding of the public" - and of the political construction this evolution enacts.

International audience ; The upsurge in piracy and the impact of recent environmental disasters have highlighted the need to improve maritime surveillance. Governmental and private initiatives have developed monitoring systems with improved acquisition and analysis capabilities. These systems rely on one major component, namely the detection of abnormal ship behaviour. This implies a detailed formalisation of expert knowledge. However, the quantity of data, the complexity of situations, the failure to take into account their spatial characteristics and the potential for the same scenario to be interpreted in different ways have proved to be significant problems. We therefore propose a new prototype for the analysis of abnormal ship behaviour. The system is based on a spatial ontology associated with a geographical inference engine. It automatically identifies suspicious vessels and associates them with probable behaviours defined by operational staff.

Emerging economies have rebounded relatively quickly from the 2008 global financial crisis, and despite various challenges they face resulting from the European sovereign debt crisis, they face bright economic futures. While many observers have focused on China and India, Brazil is an emerging economy that has enjoyed increasing visibility. This Article examines Brazil's evolution into an emerging economy, or given the market-based nature of the term, an emerging market economy (EME). The economic, social, political, and legal reforms that have contributed to Brazil's status as an EME have bolstered the power and legitimacy of its voice in international affairs, giving the country an important role in articulating a new global order as envisioned by former president Lula da Silva. However, its voice will resonate only to the extent it continues to address a number of challenges ranging from economic policy to corruption.

International audience ; Chatterton (1835) et Ruy Blas (1838) proposent une réflexion sur la marchandisation des valeurs de l'art et de la politique au moment même où l'organisation marchande des activités théâtrales crée des tensions dans le monde des théâtres. Dans ces deux pièces, les personnages sont pris dans une relation marchande qui contraint leur action ou leur travail. Leurs discours produisent une compréhension (plus ou moins critique, plus ou moins cohérente) de cette situation qui concerne, en fait, une grande partie de la société de l'époque. Ces pièces offrent ainsi aux acteurs la possibilité de faire dialoguer leur personnage avec leur propre situation de travail (une performance scénique rémunérée dans un système théâtral en cours de libéralisation) et aux spectateurs, celle de s'interroger sur ce nouveau fait de société que constitue l'institutionnalisation du marché du travail.

Maternal and child health indicators are generally poor in Nigeria with the northern part of the country having the worst indicators than the southern part. Efforts to address maternal and health challenges in Nigeria include, among others, improvement in health and management information systems. We report on the experience of mobile phone technology in supporting the activities of a health and demographic surveillance system in northern Nigeria. Our experience calls for the need for the Nigerian Government, the mobile network companies, and the international community at large to consolidate their efforts in addressing the mobile network coverage and power supply challenges in order to create an enabling environment for socio-economic development particularly in rural and disadvantaged areas. Unless power and mobile network challenges are addressed, health interventions that rely on mobile phone technology will not have a significant impact in improving maternal and child health.

Anybody who has studied Latin American History, or even World History, would not be surprised to learn that Latin American countries have always suffered external domination from the current hegemonic or regional leader. For instance, in the XIX century, whenever there was a political or economic conflict, the reaction of regional powers was the military occupation of the indebted country. In the XX century, however, the so-called powerfuls and their hegemonic forces organized coups d'etat and consequently, decided who would govern these countries and imposed functional leaders who worked for the political and economic benefit of hegemony. (.) ; Civil Society against Neoliberal Domination The World Social Forum creation Alternatives and Efficacy The International Council and the Antineoliberal Movement vs. Anticapitalist Movement: the Reform against the Revolution Non-hegemonic concepts by the State: Policies and Declarations Final Comments Bibliography

The ALBA-TCP is an international organization of more recent creation (2009). It is undoubtedly an original project, different from the known regional formulas of integration: strongly directed from the political, proposed as a mechanism to schedule the public, economic and trade relations between countries, avoiding or minimizing where possible the market competition and encouraging cooperation and synergies from socialist values and solidarity. ; El ALBA-TCP es una de las organizaciones internacionales de más reciente creación (2009). Es, sin duda, un proyecto original, diferente a las fórmulas de integración regional conocidas y preexistentes: fuertemente dirigido desde lo político, se propone como un mecanismo para planificar desde lo público las relaciones económicas y comerciales entre países, evitando o reduciendo en lo posible la competencia de mercado y fomentando la cooperación y las sinergias desde valores socialistas y de solidaridad.

В статье исследуется положение студенчества интернациональных коммунистических университетов в 1920-1930-е гг. Рассматриваются вопросы их материального обеспечения, бытовых условий, забота руководства вузов об их здоровье. Особо подчеркивается, что государство стремилось в максимальной степени удовлетворить потребности студентов. Отмечается, что в целом студенты были обеспечены всем необходимым для учебной деятельности и общественной активности. В статье используются архивные документы, ранее не вводившиеся в научный оборот. ; The article reviews the students' status in the international communistic universities of 1920-1930's, the issues of financial support, living conditions, as well as universities management's care about their health. On the basis of analyzed archival documents which haven't been earlier introduced into scientific use the author emphasizes that the government was focused on satisfying students' needs, and in general the students were well provided with everything required for educational process and social activity.

В статье представлены результаты исследования по вопросам оценки и сертификации квалификаций работников сферы сервиса в международном пространстве, рассмотрены проблемы определения степени соответствия персонала определенным требованиям. Рассмотрен опыт внедрения профессиональных стандартов и подтверждена необходимость практики сертификации персонала. Описана основная процедура сертификации персонала — экзамен. Обобщены причины, побудившие правительства многих стран мира обратить внимание на проблему профессиональной компетентности трудоспособного населения и молодежи.The article considers results of the poll concerning service personnel qualification at the international level estimation and certification, considers the issues of establishing the degree of personnel's meeting certain requirements. The article considers the practice of professional standard implementation and proves personnel's certification necessity. The article describes the main personnel's certification procedure, an exam. The article generalizes the reasons that made governments of many countries pay attention to the issue of labor force and young people's professional competency.

Old certainties and recent conventional wisdom about international affairs are now under persistent challenge. The questions being asked are fundamental. Will the eurozone and the European Union survive in their current shape? What will be the balance of power in the Middle East given a resurgent Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt and deepening internal conflict in Syria? Can a new generation of Chinese leaders cope with the internal contradictions of the Chinese polity and a possible slowdown in growth? While rising powers in Asia and South America seem to be getting closer to the top of the global power hierarchy, do they know what to do when they get there? On what issues is American power still crucial? These, and a legion of other questions with multiple possible answers, are so constantly being asked that global affairs seem inherently unstable. Adapted from the source document.

Рассматривается история проникновения норманнов в Восточную Европу в контексте общеевропейских событий эпохи викингов. Анализируются такие «вечные вопросы» мировой историографии, как место и роль норманнов в политических и социально-экономических процессах в Восточной Европе, этническая принадлежность варягов и первых русских князей, генеалогия Рюрика, происхождение этнонима Русь, социокультурная роль международных транзитных путей. ; Cosideration is given to the history of the intrusion of Northmen to the Eastern Europe within the bounds of all-European events of the age of Vikings. Such «eternal questions» of the world historiography as the place and the role of Northmen in the political and social-and-economic processes in the Eastern Europe, the ethnic origin of Varangian and the first Russian princes, the genealogy of Ruyrik, the origin of the ethnonym «Rus», and the social-and-cultural role of international transit routes are analyzed.

Регионы Российской Федерации после распада СССР получили право самостоятельного выхода на международную арену, что дало возможность развития политического и экономического сотрудничества. Данная работа посвящена исследованию современного состояния и перспектив сотрудничества регионов РФ, наиболее тесно взаимодействующих с Боливарианской Республикой Венесуэла. Внимание уделено кооперации государственных органов, развитию бизнес-связей и культурному обмену. Автор проводит анализ процесса двустороннего сотрудничества, выявляет слабые стороны. ; After the Soviet Union collapse regions of the Russian Federation was given the right to develop international economic and political relations. The article is devoted to current situation and future development of cooperation between regions of the Russian Federation that are most closely collaborating with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Problems of interaction between governments and businesses, cultural exchanges are the main subjects of the research work. The author analyzes the process of bilateral cooperation, identifies weaknesses.

Статья посвящена оценке влияния геополитических факторов на процессы формирования таких государств, как Венгрия, Финляндия и Эстония, объединенных автором интегративным понятием «государства финно-угорского сообщества». Рассматривая в политико-историческом контексте приобретение государственности этими странами, автор заключает: геополитические устремления великих держав были мощными источниками международных конфликтов, но осознание их масштабов и деструктивности приводило к поиску путей их институционализации. ; The article evaluates the influence of geopolitical factors on the processes of formation of such states as Hungary, Estonia and Finland, the author combined integrative concept of "state of the Finno-Ugric community." Considering the political and historical context of the acquisition of state-hood by these countries, the author concludes: geopolitical aspirations of the great powers were strong sources of international conflicts, but awareness of the scope and destructiveness led to a search for ways to institutionalize them.

International audience ; A l'élection présidentielle du Pérou, la victoire du candidat nationaliste de gauche O. Humala, en juin 2011, a constitué une surprise pour les observateurs. Dans un contexte de forte croissance économique et de diminution de la pauvreté, les électeurs semblaient devoir privilégier la continuité. La cartographie des votes à deux échelles (régions et districts de la capitale) aide à comprendre comment les stratégies menées par les différents partis et alliances ont abouti à porter au second tour les deux candidats qui provoquaient initialement le plus fort rejet dans la plus grande partie de l'électorat, O. Humala, et K. Fujimori. Humala a alors réussi à rassembler, au second tour, tant le vote des intellectuels et artistes qui s'étaient opposés à la dictature de Fujimori, que celui des laissés pour compte du développement néolibéral