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Children's social environment influences their psychological return to crimes, and it is a treatment or reward from friends which they consider right since they are encouraged to repeat their actions. The research is an empirical legal research. The results shows that The role of psychologists in Special Child Development Institutions is not optimal, due to limited resources. Furthermore, parents or families should actively supervise and limit the association of children as this will prevent them from returning to the social environment. This is because the environment encourages them to commit criminal acts. Also, the government should make provision for their development through the Ministry of Rights and human rights psychologists of any special institute for children's development.

This article will examine the impact of the Europeanization of punishment, and of criminal justice in general, on the focus of criminal law on dangerousness and on dangerous citizens, rather than on harm and facts. It argues that the EU criminal law is part of a growing global trend pushing towards preventive criminal justice, namely the exercise of state power in order to prevent future acts that are deemed to constitute security threats, which at EU level is problematic in terms of fundamental rights and citizenship rights. The article argues EU criminal law is contributing to three main shifts: a shift from an investigation of acts that have taken place due to an emphasis on suspicion, a shift from targeted action to generalized surveillance, or, underpinning both, a temporal shift from the past to the future. It develops this argument looking at administrative terrorist sanctions, criminalization of terrorist acts, mass surveillance and expulsion of convicted criminals.

The article is devoted to a topic as topical as the legal transformations in the Ukrainian system under the influence of international law. Therefore, the aim of the article is to discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of the study of the impact of international law on domestic law, as well as to identify the differences and similarities between international law and Ukrainian law in the specific field of criminal and civil law. The methodological basis of the study consisted in the use of the system-structural method, which made it possible to determine the place of international legal norms in the system of national legislation and, also, the comparative method of international and Ukrainian legislation in force. In the main results obtained, it is revealed that the transformation of Ukrainian legislation is carried out mainly under the influence of Western globalization, which implies the transformation of a certain international law. It was concluded that, in the legal sphere of Ukraine, international agreements have been greatly influenced by the transformation of international law through the application of Ukrainian law through a process of legal synthesis.

Comparative law and its importance in legal translation -- Legal families and traditions -- Italy / Angela Carpi -- France -- Spain -- Germany / Rafael Zambrana -- England and Wales -- The United States -- Ireland -- Training legal translators -- A didactic approach

Cover -- Title Page -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Table of Cases -- Table of Legislation -- Introduction -- 1. The Topic of the Book: Mutual Trust in EU Criminal Law -- 2. The Main Objective: Demystifying the Principle of Mutual Trust in EU Criminal Law -- 3. Relevance -- 4. The Structure -- 5. Methodology -- 6. Scope and Delineation -- 1. What is Trust? A Social Science Perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Towards a Body of Social Science Literature on Trust: Developing an Underdeveloped Term -- 3. Trust: We (Think We) Know it When We See it -- 4. Dissecting Trust: Risks and Interests as Key Aspects of Trust Relationships -- 4.1. The Willingness to Take Risks and the Need for Choice -- 4.2. Interests at the Core of Trust Relationships -- 5. Clarifying the Concept of Trust: More Specificity Please -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Cognitive or Non-Cognitive? -- 5.3. Distinguishing Trust from Trustworthiness -- 5.4. Grounds for Trustworthiness and the Importance of Information -- 5.5. Trust is a Term of Knowledge, the Trusting Relationship a Term of Action -- 5.6. Trust is a Three-Part Relationship: A Trusts B to do X -- 5.7. Mutual and Reciprocal Trust -- 5.8. Developmental Accounts of Trust: Trust as a Learning Process -- 6. Applying a Trust Framework to the EU Criminal Law Context -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Taking Risks in EU Criminal Law Cooperation: The Transfer of Discretion -- 6.3. Common Interests as an Indicator of EU Criminal Law Trust -- 6.4. Trust, between Whom? Determining the Subject of Trust in EU Criminal Law -- 6.5. A Trusts B to do X: Determining the Object of Trust in EU Criminal Law -- 6.6. The Value of a Social Science Perspective for EU Criminal Law -- 7. Conclusion.

The existence of this pandemic certainly has an impact on several things, one of which is in the legal realm, namely trials that are conducted virtually or online. Therefore, in this paper, we will discuss the implementation of virtual trials in Indonesian criminal law with several problem formulations, namely how the mechanism is carried out in the application of virtual court law in overcoming all criminal problems that exist in Indonesia, then in this study will discuss about What legal basis underlies the implementation of this virtual trial in Indonesia when examined in the Indonesian criminal law system. This research uses a qualitative normative legal research type. Normative legal research is a legal research conducted in a way such as conducting research on library materials or secondary data. In this research, law is often conceptualized as something that is written in legislation or as a norm which is a benchmark for human activities that are considered appropriate. The results of this study are first, trial activities are also influenced by various problems due to the Covid-19 pandemic, namely in the criminal process on the grounds that the limited period of detention is the basis for the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia to establish a virtual trial in accordance with the Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Year 2019 on trial procedures but not in criminal justice.

It is not a crime to attempt to commit most federal offenses. Unlike state law, federal law has no generally applicable of attempt. Congress, however, has outlawed the attempt to commit a substantial number of federal crimes on an individual basis. In doing so, it has proscribed the attempt, set its punishment, and left to the federal courts the task of further developing the law in the area. This is an abridged version of CRS Report R42001, Attempt: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law, by Charles Doyle, without the footnotes, attributions, citations to authority, or appendix found in the longer report.