Suchergebnisse

Strzelnice nie zawsze byy traktowane jako obiekty budowlane. Obecnie po wydaniu gosowanego wyroku, oczywistym staje si, e kada strzelnica powinna by traktowana jako obiekt budowlany. Niniejsza glosa wyjania, jakimi przesankami kieroway si organy administracji, odmawiajc zatwierdzenia regulaminu strzelnicy, oraz pokrtce omawia proces poprzedzajcy zatwierdzenie regulaminu strzelnicy, bdcego ostatnim etapem dopuszczenia obiektu do uytkowania. W ostatniej czci glosy omwiono czynnoci, ktrych organy Policji mog da od organu nadzoru budowlanego w sytuacji stwierdzenia wydostania si pocisku poza o strzeleck.

Der im Februar 2022 begonnene russische Angriff auf die Ukraine und die daraufhin von der EU erlassenen Sanktionen stellen die Unionsgerichte erstmals vor die Notwendigkeit, über die Zulässigkeit von restriktiven Maßnahmen gegen Medienangebote zu entscheiden: Denn die EU hat in diesem Rahmen auch die Verbreitung des Programms von russischen Staatssendern verboten, die in jüngerer Zeit offensiv ihre Verankerung in der Medienlandschaft der EU-Mitgliedstaaten betrieben haben. Das Gericht sieht diese Maßnahmen der Union im Ergebnis zu Recht als zulässig an; die Grundrechtsfähigkeit solcher Staatssender wird dabei allerdings zu Unrecht als unproblematisch vorausgesetzt.

What is capital? Despite centuries of debate, there is no clear answer to this question – and for a good reason. Capital is a polemic term. The way we define it attests our theoretical biases, ideological disposition, view of politics, class consciousness, social position, and more. Is capital the same as machines, or is it merely a financial asset? Is it a material article or a social process? Is it a static substance or a dynamic entity? The form of capital, its existence as monetary wealth, is hardly in doubt. The problem is with the content, the stuff that makes capital grow – and on this issue there is no agreement whatsoever. For example, does capital accumulate because it is productive, or due to the exploitation of workers? Does capital expand from within capitalism, or does it need non-capitalist institutions like the state and other external forces? Is accumulation synonymous with economic growth, or can capital expand by damaging production and undermining efficiency? What exactly is being accumulated? Does the value of capital represent utility, abstract labour – or perhaps something totally different, such as power or force? What units should we use to measure its accumulation? Surprisingly, these questions remain unanswered; in fact, with the victory of liberalism, most of them are no longer being asked. However, the silence is incomplete. As crisis and social strife intensify, the questions resurface. The accumulation of capital is the central process of capitalism, and unless we can clarify what that process means, we remain unable to understand our world, let alone change it. The seminar has two related goals: substantive and pedagogical. The substantive purpose is to tackle the question of capital head on. The course explores a spectrum of liberal and Marxist theories, ideologies and dogmas – as well as a radical alternative to these views. The argument is developed theoretically, historically and empirically. The first part of the seminar provides a critical overview of political economy, examining its historical emergence, triumph and eventual demise. The second part deals with the two 'materialistic' schools of capital – the liberal theory of utility and the Marxist theory of labour time – dissecting their structure, strengths and limitations. The third part brings power back in: it analyses the relation between accumulation and sabotage, studies the institutions of the corporation and the state and introduces a new framework – the capitalist mode of power. The fourth and final part offers an alternative approach – the theory of capital as power (or CasP for short) – and illustrates how this approach can shed light on conflict-ridden processes such as corporate merger, stagflation, imperialism and the new wars of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Pedagogically, the seminar seeks to prepare students toward conducting their own independent re-search. Students are introduced to various electronic data sources, instructed in different methods of analysis and tutored in developing their empirical research skills. As the seminar progresses, these skills are used both to assess various theories and to develop the students' own theoretical/empirical research projects.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of human life, one of which is education. The Ministry of Education and Culture, is in a position to decide on distance learning which is a type of asynchronous learning as the most appropriate option during the COVID-19 pandemic. With various considerations, in the end, the concept of Merdeka Belajar found a massive acceleration movement in the midst of its emergence as a government regulation that was just rolled out last December 2019. The concept of Merdeka Belajar is also applied to Islamic education learning. This research includes research using descriptive qualitative methods with the aim of analyzing the use of Merdeka Belajar electronic media facilities used in Islamic religious learning.The results showed that from the teacher's side, the application of free electronic media to learn in learning activities has advantages where teachers become more creative and innovative thinking than before because independent learning makes teachers think freely or independently in how teachers make learning goals achievable by all students without exception. However, there are obstacles such as Islamic religious education teachers who have been teaching for a long time, there are difficulties in adapting to free electronic media for learning. The teachers who experience this are on average Islamic religious education teachers who are seniors in school and not all students have gadgets that meet the required capacity. So there is still a need for solutions in dealing with existing obstacles