В статье рассматривается положение Крыма после завершения Великой Отечественной войны. Исследована динамика изменений в административно-территориальном и демографическом отношениях. Прослежен процесс реализации переселенческой программы и выведено его значение в аспекте решения демографической проблемы. ; Postwar history of the Crimea, in fact, reflects the entire system of social and political life in the USSR. At the same time changing the ethnic composition of the peninsula during the war and postwar period significantly affected its ethno-demographic and socio-economic aspect. In this sense, understanding of ethnodemographic and socio-economic processes in the post-war Crimea is of particular importance for its successful reunification with Russia. Based on archival documents analysis I am considering the dynamics of changes both in the administrative-territorial structure of the Crimea after the Great Patriotic War and in demographic composition of the peninsula. I also analyze archival documents connected with resettlement program realization. Based on archival documents analysis I am considering the dynamics of changes both in the administrative-territorial structure of the Crimea after the Great Patriotic War and in demographic composition of the peninsula. Based on the study of archival documents I distinguish three phases of post-war labor migration to the Crimea: (i) 1944-1953 the beginning of the resettlement process. This period, which began during the war, is characterized by extremely low efficiency of the resettlement. Wartime explains the lack of careful preparation of resettlement activities. As a result, resettlement organization at the initial stage was almost failed. I also analyze archival documents connected with resettlement program realization; (ii) 1954-1964 Nikita Khrushchev transfers Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR, and its government begins to lead the organization of labor migration. Accordingly, the main stream of immigrants came to the Crimea from the densely populated areas of Ukraine. Feature of this phase was a change of attitude towards immigrants: local administrators have focused on the arrivals consolidation on the peninsula; (iii) 1965-1976 this stage is characterized by well-established pattern of population movement. Authorities more carefully approached to the choice of resettlement contingent (required rates were registered in the special instructions); local administrators devoted considerable attention to the construction of standard housing for the newcomers. As a result, in 1960s-1970s, population growth in the Crimea was 40.3%, the labor force increased by 60.1%. In my article, I also pay special attention to the state institutions carrying out management resettlement to Crimea.
The following article is devoted to issues of administrative-territorial structure of Russian Federation's regions which is viewed as one of constituents of territorial division of the country, together with the federative structure, territorial structures of local governments and division of local territories. Notions and issues of legal regulations for administrative-territorial structures are examined through analyses of regional laws. The author comes to conclusion that today regional legislation about administrativeterritorial structures regulates such issues as education, transformation of localities, and in some cases delimitation of territories for territorial bodies. The reason is that there are some gaps in the federal legislation. So, it is necessary to pass a federal law which will regulate common principles of territorial division in Russian Federation.
The author of the article analyses the influence of the regional policy and administrative territorial government on the development of the European North of Russia in the 20th century. The reasons for changes of both the regional policy of the Soviet State as a whole and the manifestations of the northern regionalism on different stages of development are explored on the basis of the published materials and the archive sources. The author proposes to consider the periods of division of the European North as an instrument of the regional policy. The attempt is made to reveal the lessons of the northern regionalism in conformity with the modern stage of the development in the European North.
The paper is regarding the concept of intraregional administrative and territorial division. Deficit ofattention from social and economic geography research school (regional branch) to theoretical aspects ofadministrative zoning led to replacement of administrative and territorial units with municipal entities.Theoretical foundation of research included provisions of regional and institutional economics; interdisciplinaryapproach was used. Research methods included cartography, zoning, typology and modeling.At the first stage, authors singled out theoretical approaches to defining the concept under research. The second stage was the analysis of administrative and territorial division definition from the position ofregional legislation. The terminology was systemized, Russian regions divided into four groups dependingon applied theoretical approaches. At the third stage, authors constructed a semantic model foreach group of regions. The model included generic components (distinguishing administrative divisionfrom other types of zoning), category features (determining the types of administrative zoning), andadditional characteristics (referring to principles of territorial division). Semantic model was adjustedfor application in regional economy and administration. Generic components of the semantic model(determined and generalized for the first time) allowed formulating a new definition. According to this,administrative and territorial division of a region is legally established territorial division into interrelatedsubordinated units, on the basis of which territorial organization of governing entities' activity iscarried out. Based on category components, the authors carried out classification of administrative zoninginto general and departmental (depending on types of authorities), as well as of classification oflevels of government (national, subnational and local). The new definition of administrative and territorialdivision can provide the basis for forming new strategies for spatial development of regions, aswell as for linking sector strategic planning with territorial strategic planning ; Постановка проблемы. Статья посвящена понятию внутрирегионального административно-территориального деления. Недостаточное внимание районной школы социально-экономическойгеографии к теоретическим аспектам административного районирования привело к тому, что напрактике вместо административно-территориальных единиц используются муниципальные обра-зования. Методологическая база. Теоретическую базу исследования составили положения регио-нальной и институциональной экономики, использовался междисциплинарный подход. Методы –картографический, районирования, типологии, моделирования. На первом этапе выделены теоре-тические подходы к определению исследуемого понятия. На втором этапе проанализировано от-ражение института административно-территориального деления в отечественном региональномзаконодательстве, проведена систематизация терминологии. В зависимости от применяемых тео-ретических подходов регионы России разделены на четыре группы. На третьем этапе для каждойгруппы построена семантическая модель понятия, включающая родовые компоненты (отличияадминистративного от других видов районирования), категорийные признаки (определяют видыадминистративного районирования), вспомогательные характеристики (принципы территориаль-ного деления). Семантическая модель адаптирована для применения в региональной экономике иуправлении. Результаты исследования. Родовые компоненты понятия выделены и обобщенывпервые. Под административно-территориальным делением региона предложено понимать зако-нодательно установленное разделение территории на взаимосвязанные, иерархически соподчи-ненные части, на основе которого осуществляется территориальная организация деятельности ор-ганов государственной власти. На основе категорийных признаков проведена классификация ад-министративного районирования в зависимости от видов органов власти (общее и ведомственное)и уровней власти (общенациональное, субнациональное, локальное). Выводы. Административно-территориальное деление должно лечь в основу формирования стратегий пространственного раз-вития регионов, сопряжения отраслевого и территориального стратегического планирования.
Настоящая статья посвящена вопросам формирования административно-территориального устройства российского государства в период его объединения и централизации. Показывается становление и функционирование различных структур территориального управления на фоне исторической, национальной и военно-политической специфики страны в XV-XVII вв. ; The present article is devoted to questions of formation of the administrative-territorial system of Russia in its unification and centralization. Formation and function of various structures of a territorial administration on the background of historical, national and military-political specificity of the country in XV-XVII centures is shown here.
Moldova has clearly established the strategic direction of development Ŕ the European Integration. In this context, it requires a deep reform in all spheres of social life according to the EU standards. It is very important for Moldova to take the experience of the European member - states which were the part of the socialist camp in the past. Republic of Bulgaria is a successful example of the territorial - administrative reform in the spirit of the European requirements. The purpose of the study is to investigate the achievements of Bulgaria on the boundary delimitation in accordance with accepted standards in the EU. There are analyzed the decentralization processes of the local public administration, of the territorial consolidation of the local collectivities. It was generalized the acquired experience of the Republic of Bulgaria and were made the useful suggestions for their implementation in reforming the territorial - administrative delimitation of the Republic of Moldova.
The article defines the role of the national zoning in the Soviet Ukraine in the system of administrative-territorial reform in the 1920 and 1930's, its place and degree of efficiency in the process of state building in the republic. Moreover, the experience of operation and liquidation process of national administrative and territorial units in Ukraine at a crucial period of domestic and international history actualizes the research question of efficiency of these entities for modern scholars. It is noted that numerous administrative and territorial reforms were initiated during the establishment of the Soviet power in Ukraine. It is stressed that the reforms in this sphere were aimed at the elimination of pre-revolutionary administrative-territorial division. The numerous administrative and territorial reforms were initiated during the establishment of the Soviet power in Ukraine. They were carried out on the basis of the abolition of private property and the persistent antireligious orientation, were aimed at the elimination of pre-revolutionary administrative-territorial division, which evoked dissatisfaction of the new state institutions due to, from their point of view, far too fragmentation. On the background of general unsettled land relationships and a number of taxation errors implemented measures had brought the situation in the country to crisis. The conclusion is made that administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine in 1923, carried out in a hurry, did not take into account the ethnic composition of inhabitants and historical forms of management. Therefore, deterioration of the situation due to the ignorance of the national factor in the presence of diverse ethnic composition of the country forced the Bolshevik leaders to make certain concessions in the form of the national zoning. The Soviet government began to consider the earmarking of national village and districts councils as a factor capable of simultaneously not only slightly improving the socio-economic situation and to some extent meeting national and cultural needs of the population, but speeding up the attraction of those who are averse to the socialist building. German regions became the first ones to be created in Ukraine during the national zoning. However, the potential of national areas turned out to be of a low effectiveness due to national zoning and stretched in time (from 1923 to 1939) reform of the pre-revolutionary administrative-territorial division. The peculiarity of the situation in the national areas consisted in the fact that with the inclusion of foreign village and town councils to their composition, the full range of activities associated with the introduction of indigenization was necessary to exercise with respect to them. Extremely important was the problem of linguistic personnel training, which required knowledge of the language of the majority population of the district at the district level, the Ukrainian language for the relations with the higher bodies, and language of some ethnic group with the inclusion of the foreign administrative and territorial units to the district. Chronic administrative-territorial reorganizations were carried out not so much on the basis of scientific conclusions, but on the prevailing political considerations of public institutions at various levels. A frequent lack of thought and calculations of far-reaching consequences of the administrative-territorial division as a whole and particularly of the national zoning has contributed to the confusion in the management system and has not helped, despite the authorities hopes, to reduce costs spent on the Soviet apparatus. Conducting administrative-territorial reforms in 1930 and 1932 had disorganizing consequences for the whole administrative system of Ukraine that evolved through trial and mistakes, and its imperfections had led to further territorial changes in the republic. Administrative-territorial changes of the end of the 1920s and the 1930s, under the conditions of the curtailment of the NEP, the implementation of complete collectivization and the loss of economic identity by national districts, initiated the elimination of "undesirable" for the government districts while simultaneously forming new districts with the national status. The final abolishment of indigenization policy in the late 1930s had resulted in the elimination of all national regions of Ukraine as administrative and territorial units. The national regions of Ukraine as administrative and territorial units proved to be inefficient and were abolished in the late 1930s. It is not surprising that the initial positive assessment of the practice of the national administrative and territorial units' creation by the Soviet state structures had changed into the negative attitude to the very fact of their existence, which had gradually resulted in the ultimate elimination of these entities in the end of the 1930s. ; Определяется роль национального районирования в системе административно-территориального реформирования в советской Украине 20-30 гг. ХХ в., его место и степень эффективности в процессе государственного строительства в республике. Показано, что начатые советской властью многочисленные административно-территориальные изменения в Украине, осуществляемые на базе отмены частной собственности вкупе с ярой антирелигиозностью, были направлены на ликвидацию дореволюионного административно-территориального деления и проводились не на основе научных обоснований, а вследствие преобладающих политических соображений государственных учреждений разного уровня. ; Визначається роль національного районування в системі адміністративно-територіального реформування в радянській Україні 20-30 рр. ХХ ст., його місце та ступінь ефективності в процесі державотворення в республіці. Показано, що започатковані радянською владою численні адміністративно-територіальні перетворення в Україні, здійснювані на засадах скасування приватної власності укупі із затятою антирелігійністю, були спрямовані на ліквідацію дореволюційного адміністративно-територіального поділу і провадилися не на підставі наукових обґрунтовань, а внаслідок превалюючих політичних міркувань державних установ різного рівня.
In the article is examined the administrative-territorial division of Galychina and Bukovyna by Russian of occupation power in a period First world war. Traced a few periods of Russian occupation of territory in 1914-1918 and policy of tsar's government to these territories. In particular in the years of the first Russian occupation basic attention was directed on rusifikation of people who lives there and confluence of it with the Russian empire. During the second occupation, the occupation power sent the efforts to satisfaction of interests and necessities of army in the field avoidance of any actions which would disturb political and any other passions among a population, and the questions of the mode belonged on the second plan. The third period of Russian occupation is a period of adjusting of the new administrative system active realization of transformations, which cut successful counter-offensive short of opponent, that resulted in the considerable loss of part of the occupied territories of Galychina and Bukovyna and evacuation of central organs of management of the Regional commissariat to Kyiv. An author in the article lights up direction of Russian occupation policy and specifies about creation of the Regional commissariat of Galychina and Bukovyna. on April, 27, 1917 by the decree of the Provisional government over the signature of his head prince G.E. Lviv D.I. Doroshenko was appointed the regional commissar of the Provisional government in Galychina and Bukovyna with the parcel of land of him in relation to the civil management of governor general rights. At the end of July in 1917 the management of regional commissar of Galychina and Bukovyna was an evacuee in Kyiv. The office of commissariat remained in an inheritance the governments of Ukrainian Central Advice. D. Doroshenko laid down plenary powers of regional commissar only on April, 18 1918 in connection with disbandment of managements of commissariat. ; В статье рассматривается административно-территориальное разделение Галиции и Буковины русской оккупационной властью в период Первой мировой войны. Прослеживается несколько периодов русской оккупации территории края в 1914-1918 гг. и политика царского правительства относительно этих земель. Освещается направление политики русской оккупации и указывается на создание Областного комиссариата Галиции и Буковины. ; У статті розглядається адміністративно-територіальний поділ Галичини та Буковини російською окупаційною владою в період Першої світової війни. Простежується декілька періодів російської окупації території краю в 1914-1918 рр. та політика царського уряду щодо цих земель. Висвітлюється спрямування політики російської окупації та підкреслюється факт створення Обласного комісаріату Галичини й Буковини.
Статья посвящена анализу правового регулирования территориальных единиц субъектами РФ. Исследуется научное понимание категории «административно-территориальная единица»; предлагаются изменения действующего законодательства. ; The article is devoted to analysis of legal regulation of the territorial units of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The scientific understanding of the category of the administrative-territorial unit is searched, motions to change the existing legislation are made.
Статья посвящена вопросу соотношения элементов административно-территориального и муниципально-территориального устройства субъекта федерации. Говоря о внутреннем содержании современного территориального устройства субъекта федерации, автором предлагается исходить из концепции двусоставности его структуры, включающей в себя как административно-территориальное устройство субъекта федерации, являющееся основой функционирования органов государственной власти субъекта, так и муниципально-территориальное устройство как основу функционирования местного самоуправления на его территории. На основе анализа научных публикаций, норм федерального и регионального законодательства, решений высших судебных инстанций автором делается вывод о наличии феномена административно-территориального образования, как основополагающего, первичного элемента территориального устройства субъекта федерации. В статье предлагаются авторские формулировки ключевых дефиниций территориального устройства субъектов Российской Федерации. ; The article is devoted to the relationships of the elements of the administrative-territorial system and municipal-territorial system of constituent territories of the Russian Federation. Talking about the domestic content of modern territorial system of constituent territories of the Russian Federation, the author suggests the start of a two-part concept of its structure, which includes both administrative-territorial structure of constituent territories of the Russian Federation, which is the basis for the functioning of the state of the subject, as well as municipal and territorial system as the basis of the functioning of the local self-government in its territory. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, federal and regional legislation norms, the decisions of the higher courts the author concludes that there is a phenomenon of the administrative-territorial unit, as a fundamental, primary element territorial entity of the federation. The article describes key elements of the author´s wording territorial system: administrative-territorial unit and an administrative-territorial entity of constituent territories of the Russian Federation.
Рассматриваются основные этапы развития системы территориального управления Восточной Пруссии как отражение динамики политических, экономических и общественных факторов. ; This article examines the main stages of territorial administration system development in Eastern Prussia in terms of political, economical and social dynamics.
Статья посвящена общей характеристике публично-территориальных образований, теоретическому анализу отдельных видов внутригосударственных публично-территориальных образований, включая субъекты федерации, автономные территориальные образования, административно-территориальные единицы, муниципальные образования. ; The article focuses on the general characteristics of public territorial entities in the Russian Federation, and hence contains results of theoretical analysis of the certain types of public territorial entities domestic to the Russian Federation including sub-sovereign entities, autonomous territorial entities, political subdivisions, municipalities.
В настоящей статье проведен анализ особенностей Закрытого административно-территориального образования (ЗАТО), его создании (преобразовании), реорганизации. Особенностью социо-коммунальной инфраструктуры ЗАТО является ее «повышенная» развитость как результат изначальной нацеленности на удовлетворение повседневных нужд жителей, закладывавшаяся на момент создания этих территориальных образований (ТО) или формировавшейся в период после преобразования этих ТО в ЗАТО. Представлена структура органов местного самоуправление ЗАТО на примере структуры органов местного самоуправления (МУ) городского округа ЗАТО Звездный (Пермский Край.) Структурной особенностью органов МУ ЗАТО является обычно их компактность. Выявлено, что административной особенностью органов МУ ЗАТО является то,что их административные полномочия не распространяются на деятельность находящихся на их территории «спецобъектов». При том что сами эти «закрытые спецобъекты» являются как правило их «градообразующими» центрами. И именно такое положение вещей является в настоящее время во многом тормозом в плане совершенствования управленческой структуры ЗАТО и ее социо-коммунальной инфраструктуры. Поэтому среди направлений совершенствования инфраструктуры ЗАТО в настоящее время наиболее рациональным (и рентабельным) признан путь осуществления на их территории конверсионных программ за счет выделения непрофильных производств в составе самих «стратегических» комплексов или обслуживающей их производственно-сервисной инфраструктуры. ; In this paper we analyze the features Closed city (CATF), his creation (transformation) of the reorganization. A feature of the socio-communal infrastructure CATF is its "increase" development as a result of the initial focus on meeting the daily needs of residents, lays at the time of the creation of these territorial entities (TO) or formed in the aftermath of these transformations in BUT THEN. The structure of local government bodies but on the example of the structure of local governments (MOU) City District CATF Star (Perm region). The structural feature of the ME CATF is usually their compactness. It was revealed that the administrative feature of MU CATF is that their administrative powers do not extend to the activities on their territory "sensitive sites". Despite the fact that these very "closed sensitive sites" are usually their "city-forming" centers. And it is this state of affairs is now largely a brake in improving the management structure CATF and socio-communal infrastructure. Therefore, among the ways to improve the infrastructure but in the present time the most efficient (and cost effective) way of implementing recognized in their territory conversion programs through the provision of non-core businesses as part of themselves "strategic" or complexes serving their production and service infrastructure.
Автор статьи исследовала процесс административно-территориального деления (АТД) страны в историко-географичес-ком аспекте. Это позволило ей выявить главные этапы и факторы преобразования АТД в XX в., которые, по мнению автора, были вызваны прежде всего политическими причинами, хотя в определенные периоды преобладала экономическая обусловленность. ; The author has examined the process of administrative-territorial division of the country in historical and geographical aspect. It helped to reveal the main stages and factors of administrative-territorial division transformation in the 20th century. According to the author, numerous transformations have been determined by political causes however in certain periods they have been economically determined.
