Suchergebnisse

Abstract. The Covid-19 pandemic has transformed our
society, with administrative procedures – as relationships between public authorities and citizens and businesses – being no exception. Still, the innovative digitalisation of such procedures means the 58 administrative
units across Slovenia have been able to develop a responsive administrative system. Using normative, descriptive
and statistical research methods, the article identifies the
relevant drivers and barriers, like user demands leading to a more responsive service, the lack of legal bases,
and the top-down approach discouraging progress.
Correlation analysis shows that digitalisation also holds
important positive implications for the principles of good
governance. Moreover, larger administrative units are
more likely to achieve a higher degree of digitalisation
and hence better public governance. The findings are
useful for designing evidence-based public policies to
properly respond to pandemic-associated challenges.
Keywords: public administration, administrative procedures, Covid-19, good public governance, innovation,
digitalisation, Slovenia

Cilj ovog rada jest objasniti pojam i ulogu stranke za svo vrijeme trajanja upravnog postupka. Dakle, u ovom će se radu razmatrati aktualno pravo Republike Hrvatske koje se odnosi na institut stranke u upravnom postupku. U prvom dijelu rada govori se o samom upravnom postupku, tijeku upravnog postupka te o diferencijaciji pojmova upravnog postupka i upravnog spora. Također, navode se načela općeg upravnog postupka s posebnim naglaskom na ona načela koja se izravno odnose na položaj i prava stranke u upravnom postupku. U radu se pozornost usmjerava na institut stranke prilikom čega se analizira pojam te vrste stranke, pretpostavke za njihovo djelovanje te mogućnosti koje stranke imaju tijekom upravnog postupka. Uz analizu položaja stranke u upravnom postupku, pozornost se usmjerava i na ograničenja koja stranke imaju prema posebnim propisima te opravdanost istih. ; The aim of this paper is to explain the concept and role of the party in the entire administrative procedure. Therefore, this paper will consider the current law of the Republic of Croatia relating to the institute of a party in administrative proceedings. The first part of the paper discusses the administrative procedure itself, the course of the administrative procedure and the differentiation of the concepts of administrative procedure and administrative dispute. Also, the principles of general administrative procedure are stated, with special emphasis on those principles that directly relate to the position and rights of the party in the administrative procedure. The paper focuses on the institute of the party, which analyzes the concept of this type of party, the preconditions for their actions and the possibilities that the parties have during the administrative procedure. In addition to the analysis of the position of the party in the administrative procedure, attention is also focused on the restrictions that the parties have under special regulations and their justification.

U tekstu se rastvara pojam "dekonstrukcije" administrativne države u SAD-u kao njen reprezentativni primjer. Polazeći od dominacije moderne administrativne države, puna slika suvremenog konstitucionalizma u SAD-u mora uključivati administrativni konstitucionalizam kao svekoliko razumijevanje i interpretaciju suvremene administrativne države i njene strukture od strane agencija i drugih aktivnih aktera upravnoga prava. Administrativni konstitucionalizam danas je jedan od najintenzivnije izučavanih predmeta istraživanja komparativnog ustavnog i upravnog prava. Razlog egzegeze ovoga pitanja nisu samo njegove različite dimenzije već i činjenica da on predstavlja glavni mehanizam kojim se danas elaborira i implementira ustavno značenje. ; This paper opens up the concept of "deconstruction "of administrative states in the USA as its representative example. Starting from the domination of a modern administrative state, the full picture of modern constitutionalism in the USA must include administrative constitutionalism as overall understanding and interpretation of a modern administrative state and its structure by agencies and other active participants in administrative law. Administrative constitutionalism is today one of the most intensively studied subjects of investigation of comparative constitutional and administrative law. The reason for exegesis of this issue is not only its various dimensions but also the fact that it represents the main mechanism which today elaborates and implements constitutional meaning.

U ovom radu razmatraju se osnovne značajke vezane uz problematiku zlouporabe alkohola kod adolescenata koji pohađaju srednju strukovnu školu. Istraživanje je provedeno među učenicima tijekom veljače - travnja 2008. godine u Školskom centru za strukovna zanimanja grada Viteza (Bosna i Hercegovina), u kojem prema najnovijim podatcima (lipanj 2009.) živi preko 60% hrvatskog stanovništva. Uzorak dobiven slučajnim izborom sastojao se od 200 učenika različitog spola, dobnih skupina, školskog uspjeha i obiteljske situacije. Cilj rada bio je dobiti što cjelovitiju sliku o konzumaciji alkohola među učenicima strukovne škole koja uključuje odgovore na niz pitanja, od količine alkohola koju učenici povremeno ili redovito piju, učestalosti opijanja, do razlika između muškog i ženskog spola, vrste alkohola koji se najčešće konzumira, povezanosti pijenja s školskim uspjehom, obiteljskom situacijom, provođenjem slobodnog vremena i drugo. Korišten je standardizirani anketni upitnik izrađen u svrhu ovog istraživanja. Rezultati su potvrdili postavljenu glavnu hipotezu da učenici srednje strukovne škola značajno konzumiraju alkohol i da se relativno često opijaju. Također, dobiveni su mnogobrojni podatci koji jasno ukazujuna zabrinjavajuće slabu provedbu preventivnih zahvata u suzbijanju zlouporabe alkohola kod mladih jer kod ispitanika nije formiran stav protiv pijenja alkoholnih pića.Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju izrazito zabrinjavajuću sliku konzumacije alkohola od strane učenika i učenica nama susjedne države. Moglo bi se reći da se zlouporaba proširila na gotovo sve učenike i učenice ovog uzrasta. Očito je da se pijenje alkohola, čak i povremeno opijanje, tolerira i drži društveno prihvatljivim ponašanjem mladeži, jer se sankcionira isključivo kad mladi pod utjecajem alkohola učine druga društveno kažnjiva djela. Dobiveni podatci su uspoređeni snekim rezultatima ESPAD istraživanja provedenog u Europskoj uniji i Hrvatskoj 2007. godine koji su pokazali da hrvatska mladež konzumira alkohol iznad europskog prosjeka (od visokog sedmog mjesta 2003. tijekom zadnjih pet godina "popela" se u neslavnu skupinu prvih triju mjesta). Istraživanje provedeno u susjednoj državi pretežno među Hrvatima, ali i učenicima drugih nacionalnosti (Bošnjaci, Srbi) pokazuje da je i među učenicima hrvatske manjine situacija jednako dramatična kao i u Hrvatskoj. Teško je oduprijeti se dojmu da su tranzicijske teškoće na ovim prostorima u svom najgrubljem obliku najviše pogodile mlade. ; In this study we examine the basic characteristics of the problem of alcohol abuse among adolescents attending vocational high school. The study was conducted from February to April 2008, among students of the Vocational High School in the city of Vitez (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in which, according to the newest statistics (June, 2009), more than 60% of the population isCroatian. The random sample consisted of 200 students of both genders and of various age groups, school grades and family situations. The aim of the study was to obtain as complete a picture of alcohol consumption among students of vocational high school as possible, which would include answers to a range of questions, from the amount of alcohol students occasionally or regularly drank, the frequency of drunkenness, to the differences between males and females,the type of alcohol most often consumed, the relationship between drinking and school grades, family situation, leisure time activities and others. A standardized questionnaire made for the purpose of this study was used. The results confirmed the main hypothesis that was made, that students of vocational high school consume a considerable amount of alcohol and get drunk relatively often. Also, a large amount of data was obtained which clearly indicates an alarminglylow success rate for preventive measures to stop the abuse of alcohol among youngsters because the subjects had not formed an opinion against drinking alcoholic beverages.The results obtained paint an extremely worrying picture of alcohol consumption among male and female students in our neighboring country. It could be said that alcohol abuse has spread among almost all students of this age group. It is obvious that drinking alcohol, and even occasional inebriation, is tolerated and viewed as socially acceptable behavior for youngsters, because it is sanctioned exclusively when youngsters under the influence of alcohol perpetrate other socially punishable acts. The data obtained were compared to some results from the ESPAD study conducted in the European Union and Croatia in 2007 which showed that Croatian youngsters were above the European average in alcohol consumption (from a high seventh place in 2003 during the last five years they "climbed" to the infamous group of top three places). The study conducted in our neighboring country mainly among Croatians but also among students of other nationalities (Bosnians, Serbs) shows that the situation among students of the Croatian minority is as dramatic as it is in Croatia. It is hard to resist the impression that the hardships of transition in the region has fallen upon youngsters in its worst form.

Rad se temelji na obradi zapisnika sjednica skupštine Kotarskog narodnog odbora Senj, njegova Izvršna odbora te zapisnicima plenuma i biroa Kotarskog komiteta Komunističke partije Hrvatske. Istražena je upravna organizacija Kotara Senj, pravni akti upravnih tijela i odluke iz državnopravne povijesti Senja u razdoblju od 1946. do 1948. sačuvani u Državnom arhivu u Rijeci i Sabirnom arhivskom centru u Senju. Kronološki su analizirane sjednice Kotarskog narodnog odbora i Izvršnog odbora, osim onih iz 1945. i 1946. koje nisu sačuvane. Iz arhivske građe može se utvrditi organizacija Kotarskog narodnog odbora, njegovih odbora, komisija i povjereništava, donošenje proračuna, rad mjesnih narodnih odbora i zborova birača, gospodarskih subjekata (poduzeća), rad sudova i izbor sudaca prisjednika, kao i prosvjetna politika (osobito opismenjavanje) i zdravstvo. ; The article is based upon the analysis of the minutes of the meetings of the Assembly of the District People's Committee Senj, its Executive Committee, and the minutes of the plenum and the Bureau of the District Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia. The administrative organisation of Senj District was researched, the legal acts of the administrative bodies and the decisions of the state-legal history of Senj in the period from 1946 to 1948 preserved in the State Archives in Rijeka and the Collective Archival Centre in Senj. The meetings of the District People's Committee and the Executive Committee are chronologically analysed apart from those from 1945 and 1946 which were not preserved. From the archive material the organisation of the district people's committee can be determined, its committees, commissions and boards, budget adoptions, the work of the local people's committees and voters' meetings, economic entities (businesses), the work of the courts and the election of judge assessors, as well as educational policies (especially literacy) and health.

Agamben's paradoxical treatments of potentiality seem to leave little room for any robust theory of the subject, political or otherwise. His Aristotelian conception of potentiality entails, in the highest instance, "that potentiality constitutively is the potentiality not to (do or be)," which suggests that even if potential is realized, it is realized only by its lack of activity. Agamben's Aristotelianism is a thread that runs throughout his work, and by looking back to The Man Without Content, particularly his discussion of Marx, it is clear that the framework of potentiality means that it is impossible for him to see in Marx anything other than an odd combination of a "metaphysics of will", and man simply as a kind of natural, living being. This in turn shapes his later discussion in Homo Sacer of the entry of zoe into the polis, which founds Agamben's entire claim vis-a-vis bare life. His wager, namely that the question "In what way does the living being have language?" corresponds exactly to the question "In what way does bare life dwell in the polis?", equates the living being with its political, linguistic, and natural potentialities so completely that there seems to be no room for any kind of historically anomalous or collectively unprecedented subject, one that would break with history or disrupt everyday order. Agamben's work could easily be criticized from the standpoint of a Marxism that would stress the constructed nature of human potential and the necessity to think through forms of organization from within shifts in the nature of work. However, in order to stay closer to Agamben's Aristotelianism, it is far more productive to compare him to a thinker for whom questions of linguistic capacity and politics are also central, and also stem from a certain complex relation to naturalism, namely Paolo Virno. This paper will thus, via a careful reading of Agamben's Aristotelian conception of praxis and potentiality alongside Virno's work on the relation between language and labor, demonstrate the constitutive reasons why Agamben cannot consider any kind of substantial notion of the subject, and why Virno's more nuanced conception of capacity, which draws upon both rationalist and naturalist theories of the subject might constitute a more relevant alternative. Adapted from the source document.

Cilj je ovoga rada razmotriti je li Hrvatskoj potrebna institucionalna reforma upravnosudskog sustava te koje alternative Hrvatskoj stoje na raspolaganju odluči li se za ovu reformu. Rad je podijeljen u pet dijelova. Nakon uvodnog dijela u kojem autor općenito problematizira o važnosti sudskog nadzora zakonitosti rada uprave i upravnog spora, analizira se stanje institucionalnog ustroja upravnog spora u Hrvatskoj danas. Zatim se razmatraju modeli ustroja upravnog spora u nekim europskim državama te se nastoji utvrditi postoji li jedinstveni europski model institucionalnog ustroja upravnog sudstva. Slijedi prikaz mogućih reformskih alternativa ukoliko se Hrvatska za takvu reformu odluči. U zaključku, autor sumira analiziranu problematiku te modele njezinog mogućeg prevladavanja. ; The aim of this paper is to examine whether Croatia needs institutional reform of the administrative judicial system and which alternatives Croatia has at its disposal if it decides upon this reform. This paper is divided into fi ve parts. After the introductory part, in which the author generally problematises the importance of judicial supervision of the legality of the work of administration and administrative dispute resolution, the state of the institutional structure of administrative dispute resolution in Croatia today is analysed. Then, organisational models of administrative dispute resloution in certain European countries are considered and an attempt is made at trying to establish whether a unitary European model of institutional organisation of administrative judiciary exists. An analysis of possible reform alternatives follows in so far as Croatia decides on such reform. In the conclusion, the author summarises the analysis of the problem areas and models of its possible prevalence.

Faza europeizacije hrvatske javne uprave započela je 2001. godine. Obuhvaća značajne promjene u središnjoj državnoj upravi, javnim službama (službama od općeg interesa), lokalnoj i regionalnoj samoupravi, službeničkom sustavu, upravnom obrazovanju, općem upravnom pravu te u sustavu pravne zaštite građana. U svim tim područjima razvijaju se značajni europski standardi, koji služe kao oslonac harmonizacije javnih uprava europskih zemalja. Europske standarde razvijaju Europska unija, Vijeće Europe, ali i same europske zemlje međusobnom razmjenom i učenjem. Reformama hrvatske uprave želi se ojačati upravne kapacitete, ostvarenje standarda dobrog europskog upravljanja i efektivni ulazak u zajednički europski upravni prostor. Europska je unija nametnula politiku i mehanizme kondicionalnosti te osigurala značajna financijska sredstva, projekte i stručnu potporu upravnim reformama u Hrvatskoj. Prilagodbe su u tijeku, a usprkos općenito dobrim rezultatima, ostaje značajni prostor za punu europeizaciju, u smislu postizanja odgovarajućih učinaka hrvatske javne uprave. ; Europeanization of the Croatian public administration formally started in 2001. This phase has encompassed important changes of the central state administration, services of general interest, local and regional self-government, civil service, administrative education and in-service training, general administrative law and system of legal protection of citizens. Reforms have been oriented towards strengthening administrative capacities, acquiring standards of good European governance, and effective entrance into common European Administrative Space. During that phase, till the Croatian accession, the European Union imposed conditionality policy and mechanisms, and ensured huge financial and expert support to the reforms. Reforms at the central level consisted of agencification, professionalisation and depoliticisation of the civil service, Europeanization of a significant part of sectoral public policies and strengthening openness and ethical standards. The purposes of reforms at the local and regional levels have been strengthening democratic legitimacy, reorientation towards economic development, and realisation of prerequisites for more efficient regional policy in line with European regional and structural policy. A new concept of services of general interest along with liberalisation, privatisation and commercialisation policy has been realised. Independent regulation of services of general economic interest and fostering better quality of non-economic services of general interest have been developed. Legal protection of citizens has been strengthened by introducing two-tier administrative justice and realisation of standards of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of the Council of Europe, parallel with some administrative simplification. The right to good administration, established by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, has attracted increased attention. Certain steps towards quality modern education for key administrative personnel have been made.

Prema Zakonu o sustavu državne uprave iz 2019. ukidaju se uredi državne uprave kao dosadašnja prvostupanjska tijela državne uprave, a njihovi se poslovi povjeravaju na obavljanje županijama. Cilj rada jest provesti prethodnu (ex ante) evaluaciju ove organizacijske promjene kako bi se procijenilo mogu li se njezini formalni ciljevi zaista ostvariti. Kako bi se evaluacija provela, utvrđuju se predviđanja koja relevantni akteri (predstojnici i voditelji službi ureda državne uprave, pročelnici županijskih upravnih tijela, saborski zastupnici, župani i javnost) imaju od promjene. Na temelju prikupljenih empirijskih podataka identificiraju se koncepcijski i praktični problemi u provođenju ove organizacijske promjene te se utvrđuje da ona ne može ostvariti formalne ciljeve. Rad postavlja i podlogu za naknadnu (ex post) evaluaciju efekata do kojih će ova promjena dovesti. ; According to the new State Administration System Act, county administrative offices as first-instance state administration bodies will be abolished and their affairs will be delegated to counties as units of regional self-government. The goal of this paper is to conduct an ex-ante evaluation of this reform so as to determine whether its formal goals can be achieved. In order to conduct the evaluation, the expectations that relevant actors have of this reform are empirically examined. The relevant actors are divided into three groups. The first group comprises county administrative office heads, county administrative offices department chiefs, and heads of county self-government bodies. Their expectations were examined by an online survey. The second group includes political actors (members of the Parliament and county governors) whose expectations are presented through an analysis of the parliamentary debate in the course of passing the State Administration System Act, the analysis of proposals and comments on the Act and their media appearances. The third group includes the public whose expectations are presented through an analysis of the consultation process with the interested public and the publications by leading experts in public administration. Based on the empirical data collected, the conceptual and practical problems in the reform implementation are identified, with the authors concluding that this reform cannot achieve its formal goal. This data can serve as a basis for conducting ex post evaluations of the reform.

U radu se analiziraju neki problemi upravnih sudova koji se javljaju u praksi Europskog suda za zaštitu ljudskih prava te sudova nekih država članica Europske unije. Posebna pažnja posvećena je pravu na suđenje u razumnom roku, izvršenju sudskih odluka, pravu na hitne sudske mjere i suspenzivnom učinku tužbe. Zaključuje se da se glavna problematika znanstvenog istraživanja, kada je riječ o upravnom sporu, bavi pitanjem, osim očitog trenda europeizacije načela upravnog spora usmjerenog prema europeizaciji postupovnog prava u cjelini, je li moguće uočiti konvergencijske trendove u odnosu na pravne učinke odluka upravnih sudova u Europskoj uniji. ; Certain problems of administrative courts appearing in the jurisprudence of the European Court for the Protection of Human Rights and of some EU member states are analysed in the paper. Particular stress is on the right to trial within reasonable time, execution of court decisions, right to emergency court measures, and suspending effect of the lawsuit. There is an obvious trend of Europeanization of the principles of administrative dispute, which is consistent with general Europeanization of administrative law.It is concluded that scientific research in the field of administrative dispute is mainly concerned with the question of whether it is possible to spot convergence trends with regard to legal effects of administrative courts' decisions in the European Union.

Društvena okolina koja obuhvaća građane u širem smislu vrlo je heterogeno i dinamično područje okoline upravne organizacije. Njezino je značenje za funkcioniranje upravnih organizacija u stalnom porastu jer je suvremena javna uprava izložena sve snažnijim zahtjevima za uvažavanje mišljenja građana. Ovaj se rad bavi analiziranjem društvene okoline upravnih organizacija u Hrvatskoj na temelju analize obilježja sudionika e-savjetovanja kao neposredno zainteresiranih građana za sudjelovanje u izradi propisa i politika. Obilježja sudionika koja se analiziraju obuhvaćaju njihov broj, strukturu (vrsta sudionika) i vrstu komentara koje upućuju, a pokazatelji su intenziteta, stupnja organiziranosti i stupnja kompetentnosti relevantne društvene okoline upravnih organizacija. Empirijski su podaci prikupljeni metodom kvantitativne analize sadržaja izvješća o provedenim e-savjetovanjima od 2016. do 2018. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako obilježja društvene okoline ovise o organizacijskim faktorima – razini političko-upravnog sustava na kojoj djeluje organizacija te njezinoj vrsti i funkciji. Osim toga, pokazuje se povezanost između samih obilježja društvene okoline – organiziranosti i kompetentnosti. ; Social context, which refers to the public / citizens, is a very heterogeneous and dynamic area of administrative organizations' environment. Its relevance for the functioning of administrative organizations is constantly increasing in contemporary public administration due to expanding requirements for responsiveness towards citizens' preferences. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the social context of Croatian administrative organizations by analysing the characteristics of participants in e-consultations, i.e., the public involved in the process of policy formulation. Analysed characteristics include the number of participants, their structure (type of stakeholder,) and the type of comments they submit. These characteristics represent indicators of the intensity, organization degree, and the level of competence of the relevant social environment of administrative organizations. Empirical research encompassed quantitative content analysis of e-consultation reports in the period 2016-2018. The research findings suggest that the characteristics of social context are largely determined by organizational factors - the level of politico-administrative system, the type, and the function of an organization. In addition, it appears that the characteristics of social context (the level of organization and competence) are interrelated, too.

Pozornost je autora u ovom radu usmjerena, ponajviše, prema upravnom sporu pune jurisdikcije. Zbog važnosti upravnosudske kontrole činjeničnog stanja i zbog postojanja različitih gledišta po tom pitanju, opširnije se prikazuje spor pune jurisdikcije u francuskom upravnom pravu. U članku se ukazuje na važnost novih činjenica u upravnom sporu, posebno ako iste nedvojbeno pokazuju da su različite od činjeničnog stanja utvrđenog u upravnom postupku. U zaključku rada ukazuje se na promjenivost upravnog spora pune jurisdikcije. ; The author's attention is focussed mainly on full adjudication administrative dispute. Due to the importance of administrative court control of the facts and due to the existence of varying viewpoints regarding this issue, full adjudication administrative dispute in French administrative law is shown. This paper points out the significance of new facts in administrative dispute in particular if these undoubtedly show that they are different to the facts established in the administrative proceedings. In conclusion, the changeability of full adjudication administrative dispute is shown.