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"Selected references on personnel administration": p. 410-415. ; "First edition, 1935." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Ethics is an important element determining the successful implementation of organizational activities and public administration actors. The importance to implement public administration ethics in the Indonesia government bureaucracy was based on ethical problems occurring, such as corruption, collusion and nepotism. This research used qualitative method, in which primary data was obtained from observations, and secondary data from media and literature study. From the research conducted, it can be seen that few government officials in Indonesia are less accountable for performing their duties, authorities and responsibilities and as a result the public bureaucracy in the reform era was much highlighted by the public and got criticism. To solve this problem, besides enforcing the laws, the government also must cultivate and implement the public administration ethics to their bureaucratic apparatus.

"Presidential administration" has been discussed for the last twenty years. However, scholars have not considered whether courts are doing the same thing. Like presidents, courts may oversee the quality of administrative action under authority granted by the Constitution and legislation. And also, like presidents, courts make policy decisions in lieu of the agency that has been delegated policymaking power. This Article draws on case law and legal scholarship, as well as work from public administration and political science, to construct a paradigm of "judicial administration." More specifically, it offers a history of and traces the tension between the "overseer" and "decider" approaches to judicial administration. In addition, it explains the implications of these approaches for the constitutionality and efficacy of judicial review today. First, this Article considers judicial administration as accomplished through the reinforcement of administrative procedure. These efforts were criticized as judicial policymaking by formalists. However, as this Article notes, these decisions focus on reconciling administrative action with constitutional, technical, and rule-of-law norms and are thus rooted in overseer impulses. In other words, the decider dimensions of even the most intrusive judicial review of agency process have been overstated. Second, and in contrast, this Article notes that the recent call to overturn Chevron constitutes uncritical advocacy for the decider approach to the judicial administration of statutory directives. In the past, courts have limited their role in the administration of legislation to that of overseer. However, today's formalists seek to implement de novo review wholesale. This effort is, at its core, a push for courts to decide policy in lieu of the agencies to which Congress has delegated policymaking power or to which policymaking power belongs as a matter of executive authority. This may not trouble functionalists much. But it should trouble the very formalists who denounce Chevron. First, this evinces an inconsistency in their position, given that many have condemned what they identify as judicial policymaking in administrative process. More broadly, as in presidential administration, the decider approach to judicial administration runs the risk of treading on the legislature's authority to make the law. To the extent this is the case, calls to dismantle the administrative state and instate the judiciary in its place are focused on reimbursing the wrong branch of government. For those interested in judicial intervention as a means of regulating the administrative state, including the exercise of presidential power, the overseer model of judicial administration is less likely to offend a formal conception of the separation of powers. Furthermore, longstanding paradigms of judiciary as overseer confront the pressing issues—namely, the denigration of administrative due process and corrosion of expertise in service of the President's agenda—resulting from today's unsupervised executive branch.

Zambezia artice on ethics in administration ; The SUBJECT of ethics and morals and their application to educational administration is a relatively recent phenomenon. Ethics and morals had been left to the philosophers, but now issues and problems are being raised in educational administration that require the attention of the moral philosopher. Professional groups, including educational administrators in other countries, are now endeavouring to produce ethical codes and guidelines for future behaviour. But in Zimbabwe, this responsibility seems to have been left with the government. Ethical and moral values are so important that they must be set down to provide guidelines. Whether this is carried out by the relevant professional association, as in medicine and law, or by government legislation, as was done in Alberta, Canada, in 1977, and in Zimbabwe through the Unified Teaching Service, is immaterial at this stage, but the result will be very much the same. Professional bodies and groups of all types are now highly conscious of the need to produce an ethical and moral code for the assistance of members in maintaining a high level of integrity, and in protecting themselves. The main purpose of this article is to bring together some of the current views on ethical behaviour and to focus on the actions of the educational administrator to see whether his conduct can be classified as ethically right and ethically good. Some examples will be given of unethical practices that are taking place in schools today.

Corruption is a threat to the basic rights and freedoms of citizens guaranteed by the Constitution and international documents, but above all by the Universal Declaration of Rights and Freedoms of Citizens. Corruption occurs in a sophisticated way that leads to difficult detection. Corruption is therefore a very complicated problem that requires countries to build better and more efficient instruments to prevent it. The main purpose of the paper is to detect the corruption phenomenon in the Macedonian public administration. At the same time, this research was conducted in order to obtain data about the level of information of citizens, officials and lawyers about corruption in the administration. It should be noted that this paper also conducted its own research on the citizens' perception of corruption in the Republic of Macedonia. The main methods which will be used in this research are induction and deduction method, descriptive method, comparative method and content analysis method. The conclusions which will be drawn from the research analysis will be pointed not only to the detection of the perception and attitudes towards corruption in Macedonian public administration, but also to giving some opinions and suggestions for improvement. Keywords: corruption, administration, citizens, criminal, law, offenses, code

"Part I.makes again available in slightly revised form the brochure Creative management, first published in 1935." ; pt.I. Creative management.- pt.II. Democracy in administration.-. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"February 1983." ; "This DLAM supersedes DLAM 8135.1, 4 Dec 80"--P. [i] ; Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The article 14 of the Code of Administrative Procedure (CPA), approved by Decree-Law no. 4/2015, of January 7, is entitled "Principles applicable to electronic administration". This article comes with the approval of our new Code of Administrative Procedure and for the first time determines in paragraph 1 that the services of the Public Administration should, in the performance of their activity, use electronic means. It should be noted that in that provision the legislator uses the word 'should' and not 'can'. This means that the Administration have no choice. The Public Administration is forced to use electronic means, unless it is not possible. The legislator establishes an obligation of facere, whose objectives are the greater efficiency and administrative transparency, as well as a greater approximation of the services to the population. Looking to article 14 of the CPA, we will try to elucidate a concept of Electronic Administration, to reflect about this new model of Administration and the principles that apply to it, as well as to verify if this new model of Public Administration serves the public interest.

The article 14 of the Code of Administrative Procedure (CPA), approved by Decree-Law no. 4/2015, of January 7, is entitled "Principles applicable to electronic administration". This article comes with the approval of our new Code of Administrative Procedure and for the first time determines in paragraph 1 that the services of the Public Administration should, in the performance of their activity, use electronic means. It should be noted that in that provision the legislator uses the word 'should' and not 'can'. This means that the Administration have no choice. The Public Administration is forced to use electronic means, unless it is not possible. The legislator establishes an obligation of facere, whose objectives are the greater efficiency and administrative transparency, as well as a greater approximation of the services to the population. Looking to article 14 of the CPA, we will try to elucidate a concept of Electronic Administration, to reflect about this new model of Administration and the principles that apply to it, as well as to verify if this new model of Public Administration serves the public interest.

After the rapid expansion of the welfare state in the 1950s and 1960s, the public sector has been under considerable pressure in the past few decades. Declining public confi dence in government institutions and growing demands on public fi nances have prompted governments to initiate measures to trim the public sector and make it more effi cient and effective. Reform strategies adopted can be catalogued as: Maintain, Modernise, Marketise and Minimise (Pollit and Bouckaert 2004).

Public Administration is positioned and interacts with political level which conceives laws and decisions and on the other hand, citizens, who are directly affected by these laws and decisions. Consequently, the administration is likely to help politicians withexpertise and also take the initiative to draft laws and decisions; Implement laws passed by Parliament; Oversee the implementation of laws and regulations; To assess the effect of the implementation of laws and the need for change. In other words, the public administration is an essential element and the strongest pillar that provides stability in a country. The paper aims to treat the relationship between the political level and the administrative apparatus and the interaction between them. For this reason, different schools of thought regarding the relationship between politics and administration are mentioned including established practices in different contexts. Special focus is given to the current situation in Kosovo unfolding legal basis and practices created during the interaction between the political and administrative level.

L'administration publique jouit d'un pouvoir définitionnel quand elle met à l'agenda certains problèmes publics qui sont ensuite retenus comme prioritaires par le gouvernement et le parlement. Elle assume également des tâches de conception et de mise en forme, lors de la rédaction des textes légaux et de leur concrétisation réglementaire ; puis de mise en œuvre lorsqu'elle ajuste les politiques publiques aux réalités du terrain. Finalement, elle remplit une fonction centrale d'intermédiation entre les groupes d'intérêt et les administrés d'une part, et les autorités politiques d'autre part. Afin d'asseoir sa légitimité, l'administration dispose de ressources comme l'expertise, la neutralité et la garantie de l'intérêt général, ainsi que de relations privilégiées avec les groupes-cibles des politiques. De plus, elle bénéfice souvent d'un avantage informationnel, donc d'une position asymétrique favorable, par rapport aux décideurs politiques. Ceci lui assure une certaine autonomie et lui permet de jouer un rôle politique croissant, transgressant la dichotomie classique entre la responsabilité politique et l'exécution technique des politiques et, plus encore, la subordination de l'administration aux autorités élues. Se concentrer sur les structures institutionnelles, sur le fonctionnement organisationnel et sur les différentes missions de l'administration publique s'avère dès lors pertinent pour comprendre l'action publique et, au-delà, un système politique. Pour ce qui concerne la Suisse, nombre de questions se posent quant à la manière dont l'administration fédérale assume ses fonctions de mise à l'agenda, de conception, d'exécution et d'interface et, en particulier, quant à la nature des liens qu'elle entretient avec le pouvoir politique, les groupes de pression et les citoyens. Une chose semble néanmoins claire, dans le discours gouvernemental du moins : la garantie d'un service public de qualité présuppose de plus en plus de flexibilité, tant organisationnelle que managériale. Raison pour laquelle plusieurs réformes de l'administration fédérale s'inscrivent dans le courant initié par la Nouvelle Gestion Publique (NGP; Schedler 1995; Mastronardi et Schedler 1998; Ritz 2003), dont la gestion de plusieurs offices par indicateurs de performance, la libéralisation des services publics de réseau, l'aplanissement des hiérarchies administratives ou l'abandon du statut de fonctionnaire. Afin de rendre compte de ces divers changements, nous présentons les contours de l'administration fédérale et leur évolution dans le temps. Nous retraçons ensuite l'historique des réformes administratives depuis le développement de l'Etat-providence, dans une perspective internationale. Puis nous mettons en exergue les dimensions fondamentales de l'administration fédérale à ce jour. En complément, nous soulignons le poids très important de l'administration dite «de milice», à savoir les commissions extra-parlementaires et les organes para-étatiques de mise en œuvre, ainsi que le rôle croissant des «autorités indépendantes de régulation». Finalement, nous discutons des enjeux de ressources humaines pour la conduite de l'action administrative.

"References" at end of each chapter. ; Mode of access: Internet.

1909/10- pub. in two parts. Pt. I: With a detailed review of civil and military works and railways. Pt. II: Irrigation. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover title. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Includes Change no. 1 (August 3, 1967) and Change no. 2 (August 13, 1968)