Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the current problem of the security of the transport complex and participants in transport legal relations. The author notes that the state of legal regulation of the problem in question in the territories that were previously part of the USSR is of particular importance for ensuring transport security in the Russian Federation. The author analyses and compares the Russian and the CIS countries transport security administrative and legal support systems. Defining the elaboration level of the CISs member countries legislation in the field of transport security as well as problems, differences and contradictions, development of proposals for the terminology unification, forms and methods of cooperation based on the analysis of international legal basis (treaties, memorandums, protocols, agreements etc.), the author comes to the conclusion that not all CIS member states have adopted specialized laws on transport security. The content of the adopted and existing national laws has significant differences from the model law on transport security in terms of objectives, principles, basic concepts as well as administrative and legal means. Hence, the unification of national and international legislation is proposed that would ensure the coordination between the CIS member states in the field of transport security. The present research may be implemented if amendments are made into the legislation that regulates the stated sphere of legal relations. ; Статья посвящена актуальной на сегодняшний день проблеме защищенности транспортного комплекса и участников транспортных правоотношений. Автором отмечается, что особое значение для обеспечения транспортной безопасности в Российской Федерации имеет состояние правового регулирования рассматриваемой проблемы на территориях, ранее входивших в состав Союза ССР. Проводится анализ, и дается сравнение систем административно-правового обеспечения транспортной безопасности в России и странах участниках СНГ. Целью исследования стало определение уровня разработанности, проблем, различий и противоречий законодательства в области обеспечения транспортной безопасности в государствах участниках Содружества Независимых Государств, разработка предложений по унификации терминологии, форм и методов сотрудничества на основе анализа международно-правовых оснований (договоров, меморандумов, протоколов, соглашений и т.д.). Автор приходит к выводу, что не всеми государствами-участниками СНГ приняты специализированные законы о транспортной безопасности. Содержание принятых и действующих национальных законов имеет существенные отличия от модельного закона о транспортной безопасности в части целей, задач, принципов, основных понятий и административно-правовых средств. Отсюда предлагается унификация национального и международного законодательства, обеспечивающая координацию деятельности государств участников СНГ в области транспортной безопасности. Настоящее исследование имеет возможность практического применения при внесении изменений в законодательство, регулирующее рассматриваемую область правоотношений.

The subject of the study of this article is the foreign experience of legal regulation in the provision of public services to applicants, especially the organization of government activities in terms of the quality of public services in foreign countries; laws and other legal acts, as well as the practice of their application; scientific papers on this issue.The purpose of the article is to identify the main approaches to the development of public services in foreign countries with a view to further analyzing the prospects for their use in the Russian Federation and identifying areas of public service reform that are relevant for the Russian Federation.The theoretical basis of this article was the scientific theories of the theory of state and law, constitutional and municipal law, as well as administrative law. The methodological basis of the study consists of general scientific methods and techniques: analysis and synthesis, comparison and forecasting, classification.The main scientific results of the research. Russian legislation has borrowed a number of institutions from European practice. For example, multifunctional centers for the provision of state and municipal services have been established; the activities of the e-Government were realized in Russia. Much attention is being paid to this sphere in Russia, information technology tools are being developed in order to increase the availability of public services.Conclusions. We identified and formulated the relevant for modern Russia directions of reforming the public services system on the bsais of foreign experience in legal regulation in the provision of public services, including:- improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for the provision of public services, which should consist in focusing the standards of service provision primarily on the interests of the applicant;- development of public-private partnership in the provision of public services while maintaining the controlling role of the state;- decentralization of the provision of the main part of public services;- development of an e-government system in order to ensure the provision of high-quality public services to all categories of applicants;- legal regulation of public control in the provision of public services;- translation of public services into all languages of peoples inhabiting the territory of the Russian Federation. ; Выявлены основные подходы к развитию системы публичных услуг в зарубежных странах и проанализированы перспективы их применения в Российской Федерации. На основе проведенного анализа сформулированы актуальные для современной России направления реформирования системы публичных услуг.

The subject. The article examines a wide range of issues related to the understanding of the role and importance of legal procedures in their relationship with the rule of law. The authors pay special attention to the current state and trends in the development of legislative, administrative and judicial procedures in the Russian Federation.The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of legal procedures on the rule of law.The description of methodology. The authors use methods of complex analysis, synthesis, as well as formal-legal, comparative-legal, research methods in combination with the methodology of anthropological science.The main results and scope of their application. Reconciling public-imperious decisions, the procedure sometimes governs the behavior of the state itself and keeps it in check, bringing statehood closer to rule of law. The rule of law needs urgently and comprehensively a system of different legal procedures: judicial, public, contractual, arbitration, electoral, referendum, parliamentary, federal, municipal and administrative (fiscal, budgetary, licensing, control, jurisdictional). It would simply not be able to meet its purpose without such procedures, and the idea of the rule of law would remain non-binding. Not every form and fiction performs law-saving work and it's also true for the conditional ability of the authorities to create law and judge law.Conclusions. Procedures, their combinations are different in origin and in action, but the "non-procedural" legal statehood can not exist. Therefore, procedural violations-encroachments on the judicial, parliamentary, electoral process and other types of processes – are especially dangerous. Legal statehood based on trust is harmed by frequent changes in procedures. The evolutionary capacity of legislative changes is the condition of their viability. ; На основе комплексного анализа исследуется широкий спектр вопросов, связанных с уяснением роли и значения юридических процедур в их соотношении с правовым го- сударством и верховенством закона. Особое внимание уделяется современному со-стоянию и тенденциям развития законодательного, административного и судебного процессов в Российской Федерации, в том числе в сравнении с аналогичными зару-бежными правовыми институтами.

The subject. The main issues of law enforcement activity on the application of administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for identified offenses in the field of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that Russian legislation allows the resumption of activities after the expiration of the period of its suspension without eliminating violations of industrial safety.The methodology of research is logical analysis of Russian legislation, statistical data and judicial decisions concerning enforcement of administrative suspension of operations in Russia.The main results. There is an ambiguous approach in the scientific literature to fixing the administrative suspension of operations in the system of administrative penalties. The effectiveness of its application is noted by some authors. At the same time, there are adverse consequences associated with the application of administrative suspension of operations for the further production activities of economic entities. Social tension in the collective of enterprises, difficulties of recovery after forced downtime, unclear prospects for further economic activity – this is not a complete list of problems arising in connection with the administrative suspension of activity. When making a court decision, judges often appoint a fine as a penalty and rarely a penalty in the form of suspension of operations. This is due to the complexity of the actual realization of suspension of operations, the special social significance of objects; the lack of a specialist's conclusion about the real danger of an offense. But if violations of industrial safety are detected during the operation of hazardous production facilities, it is initially possible to assume a high probability of serious consequences for the life and health of people, the environmental safety. Administrative suspension of activities is carried out by both judicial and non-judicial control authorities. In authors' opinion, the application of this type of administrative punishment should be exclusively in the judicial jurisdiction. The law enforcement judicial practice concerning administrative suspension of operations in Russia is not uniform.Conclusions. There is a legal uncertainty in the mechanism of imposing administrative punishment in the form of administrative suspension of operations for violations of industrial safety of hazardous production facilities (Article 9.1 of the Russian Code of Administrative Offences). The uncertainty is manifested in the fact that the economic entity does not always eliminate the detected violations within the legally established period and after the expiration of the period for which the activity was suspended, the company resumes its activities nevertheless. Such opportunity reduces the preventive value of this punishment. ; Анализируются основные проблемы теории и практики применения административного наказания в виде административного приостановления деятельности за выявленные правонарушения в сфере промышленной безопасности опасных производственных объектов. Результатом теоретических размышлений, анализа судебной практики являются конкретные предложения по совершенствованию правового регулирования ответственности по ст. 9.1 Кодекса Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях.

In the article critical view on the reform of procedural legislation is presented. The issue about the criteria on the basis of which the plaintiffs and the court solve the question about the procedural order of adjustment is viewed; the conclusion about the absence of appropriate criteria is made. The consequences of misqualification of procedural order are viewed: rejecting of acceptance of legal claim or the termination of proceedings in case resulting in the unconditional refusing in the defense of right. The newest judicial practice that gave rise to the tendency of successive breakdowns of courts in hearing of cases as well as in the process of Administrative Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The addition of norms about the refusal in accepting (administrative) bill of complaint and on termination of proceedings in case of proactive position of court is suggested. ; В статье представлен критический взгляд на реформу процессуального законодательства. Изучается вопрос о критериях, на основании которых истцами и судом решается вопрос о процессуальном порядке рассмотрения спора, сделан вывод об отсутствии надлежащего критерия. Рассматриваются последствия неверного определения процессуального порядка: отказ в принятии искового заявления или прекращение производства по делу, влекущие безоговорочный отказ в защите права. Анализируется новейшая судебная практика, породившая тенденцию последовательного отказа судами в рассмотрении дел и в порядке КАС РФ, и ГПК РФ. Предлагается дополнение норм об отказе в принятии (административного) искового заявления и о прекращении производства по делу проактивной позицией суда.

The subject of the paper is constituent entities' powers in federative state concerning the establishment of the administrative responsibility for breach regional and municipal rules.The purpose of the paper is to justify the need for new approaches to the delimitation of the constituent entities' jurisdiction in the field of legislation on administrative offences, up to the allocation of administrative-tort legislation in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Federation.The methodology. General and special scientific methods of cognition were applied: systemic, comparative legal, formal logical. The analysis of legislative and law-enforcement practice of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the legal decisions of the Con-stitutional Court of the Russian Federation, is also used.The main results and scope of their application. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation, making legal acts in the field of legislation on administrative offenses, are not always properly take into account the boundaries of their competence in the field of establishment of administrative responsibility for committing administrative offences for breach regional and municipal rules. The compliance of such constituent entities' authority to es-tablish this type of responsibility with the provisions of art. 19 and 55 of the Russian Con-stitution is very debatable issue. Although Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in its decisions confirms the constitutional empowerment of the constituent entities with the authority to establish in its laws the administrative responsibility for violation regional and municipal rules, such decisions are controversial. It may be useful to consolidate adminis-trative and tort law in the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The provisions of Federal legislation that let constituent entities of the Russian Federation to establish administrative responsibility for administrative offenses are not fully comply with the constitutional provisions, despite the opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. ; Производятся конституционно-правовая оценка и систематизация основных вопросов применения законодательства об административных правонарушениях в части полномочий субъектов Российской Федерации устанавливать административную ответственность за несоблюдение положений нормативных актов субъектов Российской Федерации и муниципальных образований. Делается вывод, что предоставление федеральным законодателем субъектам Российской Федерации полномочий по установлению административной ответственности за совершение административных правонарушений не в полной мере соответствует конституционным положениям, не-смотря на наличие целого ряда решений Конституционного Суда РФ.

The article considers defining the boundaries of the concept of "insulting religious feelings" from the point of view of a specialist in the field of religious studies, ordinary native speakers and a practicing forensic linguist. The material for the study is Internet comments to the news on topics related to religion that came to the attention of law enforcement agencies, analyzed in terms of compliance with the norms of legislation regulating the rights to freedom of conscience and religion, and the norms of administrative and criminal law aimed at protecting the feelings of believers. The paper uses the methods of formal legal analysis, description, experiment, semantic research, sociological survey data. The analysis revealed the causes of emerging social conflicts: low legal and communicative literacy of Internet users, broad interpretation of the concept of insult in the public and individual minds compared to the legal system, and the subjective perception of language units as emotionally evaluative or, on the contrary, neutral. ; Статья посвящена определению границ понятия «оскорбление религиозных чувств» с точки зрения специалиста в области религиоведения, рядовых носителей языка и практикующего судебного эксперта-лингвиста. Материал исследования – интернет-комментарии к новостям на темы, связанные с религией, попавшие в поле зрения правоохранительных органов, анализируемый в аспекте соответствия нормам законодательства, регламентирующим права на свободу совести и вероисповедания, и нормам административного и уголовного права, направленным на защиту чувств верующих. В работе использованы методы формально-юридического анализа, описания, эксперимента, семантического исследования, данные социологического опроса. Анализ выявил причины возникающих социальных конфликтов: низкая правовая и коммуникативная грамотность пользователей Интернета, расширенное толкование понятия оскорбления в общественном и индивидуальном сознании по сравнению с системой права и субъективное восприятие языковых единиц как ...

Работа посвящена анализу правового режима самовольной постройки в Российской Федерации в разрезе необоснованности трактовки соответствующего института как смешанного (содержащего элементы как гражданского, так и административного). Подробно изучаются основания признания того или иного строения самовольной постройкой, санкция за возведение самовольной постройки, а также иные характеристики, присущие институту самовольной постройки. При написании работы автор опирается на актуальную нормативную базу, в частности на положения Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации, на Постановления Пленума Верховного Суда Российской Федерации, Высшего Арбитражного Суда Российской Федерации, а также на определения Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации. В конце автор приходит к выводу о преобладании административно-правовых начал над гражданско-правовыми началами в институте самовольной постройки и размышляет о негармоничности законодательного раздробления положений о самовольной постройке. ; In this article the author analyzes the legal regime of an unauthorized construction in the Russian Federation as institution of law, which is constructed with legal norms and elements of both civil and administrative law. The charachteristics for recognizing a particular structure as an unauthorized construction, a sanction for the construction of an unauthorized construction, as well as other elements inherent in the institution of unauthorized construction are studied in details. When writing a work, the author relies on the current regulatory framework, in particular on the provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, on the opinions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, as well as on the Definitions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In the end, the author comes to the conclusion about the predominance of administrative-legal principles over civil-legal principles in the institution of unauthorized construction and reflects on the "non-"harmony of the legislative "fragmentation" of the legal norm of unauthorized construction.

В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы обеспечения равноправия среди участников закупочной деятельности через анализ действующих принципов, заложенных в законодательстве о контрактной системе. Проанализирована правоприменительная и административная практика Самарской области при проведении наиболее крупных закупок. Выявлена и обоснована необходимость совместного использования положительной практики стандартизации и типологизации регионального каталога товаров, работ, услуг Самарской области. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности правоприменительной практики на примере ошибок при составлении первых и вторых частей заявок на закупку, а также предлагаются варианты их решения. Такой взгляд будет интересен специалистам, которые непосредственно формируют закупочную документацию. На основе проведенного исследования автором предлагается заполнение пробелов в законодательстве и применении единого подхода в толковании законодательства в сфере закупок правоприменителями, контрольными и судебными органами. ; In this article problems of ensuring equality among participants of purchasing activity through the analysis of the operating principles underlain in the legislation on contract system are considered. Law-enforcement and administrative practice of the Samara Region when carrying out the largest purchases is analysed. Need of sharing of positive practice of standardization and a tipologization of the regional catalog of goods, works, services of the Samara Region is revealed and proved. Characteristics of law-enforcement practice on the example of mistakes by drawing up the first and second parts of applications for purchase are allocated and described and also versions of their solution are proposed. Such look will be interesting to experts who directly form procurement documentation. On the basis of the conducted research the author offers filling the gaps in the legislation and applications of uniform approach in interpretation of the legislation in the sphere of purchases by law enforcement officials, regulatory and judicial authorities.

Pedagogical researches in the field of the high education show that the increase in rupture between professional training experts and their spiritually-moral
culture is observed. Therefore spiritual updating of a modern Russian society in the
conditions of active transformation of all parties of his life becomes problem the
state importance. The given problem relevant search of formations of spirituallymoral culture of students in system formations both on theoretical, and at remedial
level.
Formation of spiritually-moral culture very important for professional activity. Spirituality of the employee of law-enforcement bodies is defined by that, what
does he think of the activity, as it attitude as co-ordinates interests and requirements with it as in its pony-mania professional work is interfaced with social and
spirits the significant values of a society. We approach to the decision of the put
problem is system, having accepted the system approach for methodology, permit
to develop is substantial-theoretical, is standard-organizational, administrative
conditions for spiritually-moral formation of graduates of high school.
The author comes to a conclusion that the technology of modeling by training in high school represents the mechanism of interaction of components of complete system, in which means of realization of the purposes are provided purposefulness and organized activity of subjects of education and the self-education,
promoting of spiritually-moral qualities at the future experts of law-enforcement
bodies.

УДК 342The subject. This article is devoted the municipal reform 2014-2016. The reform of state are institutes of territorial organization, organizational principles, competency bases of local self-government.The purpose of this paper is to show that the municipal reform 2014-2016 is directed on limiting local self-government and the subordination of local self-government to state authorities of the subjects of Russia.Methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope. Urban districts with intracity and intercity division areas – two new municipalities have been legally introduced. In science municipal law formed two points of view on the admissibility and feasibility of separating the urban district in the inner city areas. According to the first point of view, the separation of large urban districts in the inner city areas is acceptable and appropriate. According to the second point of view, the separation of large urban districts in the inner city areas is unacceptable and inappropriate. The author adheres to the second point of view, since the introduction of a two-tier model of local government organization would violate the principle of unity of municipal economy, will lead to the rupture of a single urban space on the organizational and financial sustainability areas dependent city district, will lead to a sharp increase in the number of deputies and municipal employees, unnecessary increase financial expenses.Municipal and regulatory policy in the sphere of organizational principles of local self-government is aimed at the maximum limit of direct elections of the population of the local self-government, which leads to their further alienation from the local authorities (the direct election of saved only 11 urban districts (13 %), which are the administrative centers of the subject of the Russian Federation). In addition, the actual subject of the Russian Federation determines the organizational model of local self-government for all the municipalities in its territory. This contradicts the Russian Constitution and the European Charter of Local Self-Government.Federal Law No. 136-FZ of the legislation on local government introduced a completely new institution – the redistribution of powers. In accordance with pt. 1.2 of Article 17 of the Federal Law No. 131-FZ of the laws of the Russian Federation subject may be a redistribution of powers between the local authorities and public authorities of the RF subject. The norms of the Constitution there is no reference to the possibility of transmission to public authorities of powers of local governments to address local issues. From the analysis of the norms of the Constitution, the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the legal posi-tion of the Constitutional Court is apparent that the public authorities as a general rule is not entitled to decide local issues, to withdraw from the jurisdiction of the powers of local government. Meanwhile, as of March 1, 2017 34 subjects of the Russian Federation adopted laws on the redistribution of powers between the local authorities and public authorities of the Russian Federation.The results of the study can be applied in the design of the legal regulation of Institute of territorial organization of local self-government; Institute organizational principles of local self-government; Institute of competency bases of local self-government.Conclusions. Analyzing the latest evolution of municipal law the author comes to the conclusion that the target of the municipal reform 2014-2016 proclaimed by the legislator – the restoration of the lost connection between citizens and local self-governments – is clearly declarative in nature. The real target of the reform is a gradual, but consistent inte-gration of local self-government into the system of public authorities. ; УДК 342Статья посвящена анализу муниципальной реформы 2014–2016 гг. В состоянии реформирования находятся институты территориальной организации, организационных и компетенционных основ местного самоуправления.Были законодательно введены два новых вида муниципальных образований – городские округа с внутригородским делением и внутригородские районы. В науке муниципального права сформировались две точки зрения относительно допустимости и целесообразности разделения городского округа на внутригородские районы. Согласно первой, разделение крупных городских округов на внутригородские районы допустимо и целесообразно. Согласно второй, подобное разделение недопустимо и нецелесообразно. Автор придерживается второй точки зрения.Муниципально-правовая политика в сфере организационных основ местного самоуправления направлена на максимальное ограничение прямых выборов населением органов местного самоуправления, что приводит к его дальнейшему отчуждению от местной власти (прямые выборы сохранены всего в 11 городских округах (13 %), являющихся административными центрами соответствующих субъектов Российской Феде-рации).Федеральным законом № 136-ФЗ в законодательство о местном самоуправлении введен совершенно новый институт – перераспределение полномочий. В соответствии с ч. 1.2 ст. 17 Федерального закона № 131-ФЗ законами субъекта Российской Федерации может осуществляться перераспределение полномочий между органами местного самоуправления и органами государственной власти субъекта РФ. В нормах Конституции РФ отсутствует указание на возможность передачи органам государственной власти полномочий органов местного самоуправления по решению вопросов местного значения.

The article deals with the concept, feature and peculiarities of the permissive legal relationships representing an institution of administrative law. The author investigates both the permissive relationships as an integral part of the administrative-legal relationships, in general, and as an independent legal relationship in particular. As the result of the study it was clarified that the permissive relationships bear all the specific elements inherent to legal relationships. It also concludes that it is advisable to study permissive legal relations separately from the licensing institute, due to the fact that licensing is an integral part of licensing legal relations only. The study defines the concept of permissive legal relations as regulated by the norms of administrative law social relations arising, changing and terminating in the sphere of issuance of state authorities, permits to legal entities or individuals, in order to carry out certain activities, and actions and supervision of compliance with its rules, in order to ensure the safety of the individual, society and the state. The article also focuses on the structure of the permissive relationships, legal status of the subjects of the legal relationship, and the subject of regulation in the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan. Besides it is proposed to expand the range of subjects and objects of the permissive legal relationship, including to fix in the legislation on the permissive system an individual as a subject having the right to obtain permission for the implementation of certain activities and actions. The author considers his time that it is necessary as soon as possible to improve the legislation on the licensing system on the part of the authorized state body of the Republic of Tajikistan. ; В статье рассматриваются понятие, признаки и особенности разрешительного правоотношения как института административного права. Автор исследует разрешительное правоотношение как составную часть административно-правового отношения в целом и как самостоятельное правовое отношение, в частности. В ходе исследования определяется, что разрешительное правоотношение имеет все специфические элементы правового отношения. А также делается вывод о целесообразности исследования разрешительных правоотношений отдельно от института лицензирования, поскольку лицензирование является всего лишь составным элементом разрешительных правоотношений. В ходе исследования определяется понятие разрешительных правоотношений как урегулированных нормами административного права общественных отношений, возникающих, изменяющих и прекращающих в сфере выдачи органами государственной власти разрешений юридическим или физическим лицам, в целях осуществления определенных видов деятельности, действий и надзора за соблюдением ее правил, в целях обеспечения безопасности личности, общества и государства. Также в статье речь идет о структуре разрешительного правоотношения. Проводится анализ правового положения субъектов разрешительного правоотношения, а также объекта регулирования в законодательстве Республики Таджикистан. Кроме того, предлагается расширить круг субъектов и объектов разрешительного правоотношения, в том числе закрепить в законодательство о разрешительной системе физического лица как субъекта, имеющего право получить разрешение на осуществление отдельных видов деятельности и действий. Автор считает целесообразным то обстоятельство, что надо как можно быстрее совершенствовать законодательство о разрешительной системе уполномоченным государственным органом Республики Таджикистан.

The subject. Implementation of Soviet labor law in the context of totalitarianism. Particular attention is paid to the formation of a repressive model of regulation of private law relations. The study of this problem is extremely important from the point of view of the totalitarian past of our country, covering all spheres of public life and entailing large-scale tragic consequences.The purpose of the article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that a totalitarian political regime seriously impacts on the essential characteristics of private law branches.The theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the principles of objectivity and historicism, the formal logical interpretation of the Soviet legal acts concerning labor relations and the method of system analysis, which allows us to reveal the subject of research comprehensively.The main results, scope of application. During the formation of the Soviet totalitarian regime, administrative methods of governance in the branches of private law (and in labor law, in particular) prevailed. The formation and development of Soviet labor law in the 1918-1930s. fully reflects the logic of the impact of a totalitarian state on the branches of private law. The widely used system of repressive measures in the sphere of labor was provided not only by laws, but also by the adoption of numerous by-laws, which deformed the system of private law relations based on decentralization and freedom of choice by legal entities. Labor relations were used by the Soviet state as a means of political management of significant masses of the population. Along with the codification of labor legislation (the adoption of the RSFSR Labor Law Codes of 1918 and 1922), normative acts aimed at state monopolization of labor regulation were adopted. A significant number of by-laws, which actually had the highest legal force, often had a purely coercive nature and was used by management as a means of achieving political goals. There was a de facto substitution of the right to work with a labor obligation. In a totalitarian regime in 1918-1930. in fact, a labor obligation is being affirmed, and the relationship between the employee and the employer has ceased to be private in nature, being under the control of executive authorities.Conclusions. Totalitarian political regime seriously changed the essential characteristics of private law branches. ; На основе изучения норм советского трудового права 1918 – 1930-х гг. рассматривается развитие частного права в условиях тоталитаризма. Посредством анализа источников права, регулирующих трудовые правоотношения, обозначены ключевые проблемы реализации права на труд. Делается вывод о том, что в условиях формирования советского тоталитарного режима преобладают административные методы управления в отраслях частного права (и в трудовом праве в частности), происходит фактическая подмена права на труд трудовой обязанностью. Отмечается, что трудовые правоотношения использовались советским государством как средство политического управления значительными массами населения. Широко применявшаяся система репрессивных мер в сфере труда обеспечивалась не только законами, но и принятием многочисленных подзаконных актов, что деформировало систему частноправовых отношений, основанных на децентрализации и свободе выбора субъектами права.

The article considers theoretical issues related to government control (supervision) within public administration system, as well as trends in the development of legislation related to the concept of government control. The article analyzes the terms "government control", "administrative supervision" and "state control (supervision)" in the context of public administration theory and administrative law. The article describes the purpose and stages of control and supervisory activities of government bodies based on the case study in the economic relations sphere. The author substantiates legislative recognition of the concept of "state control (supervision)" in the modern Russian supervisory legislation. The methodological basis of the article uses the latest achievements in the cognitive theory. The study employed general philosophical methods, theoretical methods (dialectics, comparative method, systematic analysis, synthesis, analogy, deduction, observation, and modeling), traditional legal methods (formal logic), as well as the method of expert estimates, etc. The main conclusion drawn from the results of study is the confirmation of legislative recognition of the concept of "state control (supervision)" which combines the external government control with elements of administrative supervision, particularly when concerning administrative coercive measures. The novelty of the paper is in introducing the model based on concepts, objectives and functions of government control (supervision) in view to further develop control and supervisory legislation within the system of public administration. ; Предметом статьи являются теоретические проблемы государственного контроля (надзора) в системе публичного управления, тенденции развития законодательства, в котором раскрывается понятие государственного контроля. В статье с позиций теории государственного управления, административного права анализируются термины «государственный контроль», «административный надзор», «государственный контроль (надзор)». Раскрыты цель и стадии контрольно-надзорной деятельности органов государственного управления на примере экономической сферы отношений. Обосновано законодательное закрепление понятия «государственный контроль (надзор)» в современном контрольно-надзорном законодательстве Российской Федерации. Методологическую основу статьи составили современные достижения теории познания. В процессе исследования применялись общефилософские, теоретические методы (диалектика, компаративистский метод, системный анализ, синтез, аналогия, дедукция, наблюдение, моделирование), традиционно правовые методы (формально-логический), а также метод экспертных оценок и др. Основной вывод, который сделан по итогам исследования, состоит в правильности законодательного закрепления понятия «государственный контроль (надзор)», совмещающего внешний государственный контроль с элементами административного надзора в части применения таких мер административного принуждения. Новизна статьи заключается в предложенной модели развития контрольно-надзорного законодательства в системе публичного управления на основе рассмотренных понятий, целей, функций государственного контроля (надзора).

УДК 342.9The subject of research is legal regulation and practice the enforcement of punishment on deprivation of the license permitting to drive a variety of vehicles.The purpose of this article to show that even for such well-established for many years, narrow and specific law enforcement procedure as the execution of administrative punishment in the form of deprivation of the license there is is very typical whitespace in legal regulation leading to conflicts and risks of enforcement. Methodology. The analysis of administrative-legal actions of officials of State Traffic Safety Inspectorate and State Technical Supervision Authority, as well as legislation on the enforcement of their decisions on cases of administrative offences.Results. It is possible to identify the main causes of the problem of law enforcement, placing them in order of importance:1. The lack of the necessary normative legal acts, regulating the procedure of interaction of the bodies of Rostekhnadzor with the traffic police authorities, courts (judges), and the rules of procedure of the issuance of the certificate of the tractor operator-the machinist after the end of the period of deprivation, the absence of an approved format (sample) medical certificate, etc., i.e. a very significant omissions of administrative-legal regulation.2. The failure of judges to the provisions of part 2 of article 32.5 of the administrative code of submitting to the authorities of state technical control of decisions on deprivation of the right of management by a tractor, self-propelled machine or other types of equipment for execution.3. Insufficient level of interaction of police with the Gostekhnadzor for the execution of administrative punishment in the field of traffic.4. The lack of access of authorities of state technical control for Federal information system, integrated into the necessary parts of the information system of internal Affairs bodies and the State information system on state and municipal payments (GIS GMP).The fragmentation of administrative-legal regulation first of all necessitates considerable strengthening of coordination in the execution of judgments of the judges on deprivation of drivers of the right of control of the vehicle in terms of deprivation of the right of management by a tractor, self-propelled machine and other types of equipment.In order to solve this problem the authors propose the organization of a number of organisational measures.Developed one of possible algorithms of interaction of the organization and uniformity of actions of officials of the specified services for the execution of penalties of deprivation of rights management.Conclusions. The question of the effectiveness of the existing norms of administrative law regulating the execution of deprivation of the driver's license, requires additional justifica-tion.In the long term it is required the creation of a single Federal interagency information area. Common use of it by the judges, employees of State Traffic Safety Inspectorate and State Technical Supervision Authority, court bailiff, etc.) will minimize legal risks. ; УДК 342.9Изложены проблемы, возникающие при исполнении административных наказаний в виде лишения права управления транспортными средствами. Предложены эффективные способы решения вопросов, возникающих в рамках взаимодействия судов (судей), органов Госавтоинспекции и Гостехнадзора при реализации их полномочий в ходе осуществления указанной деятельности.