The problems of the anti-corruption strategy, issues of elimination of criminal factors, improvement of legislation and the activities of law enforcement agencies are analyzed. Anti-corruption problems should be solved systematically in a set of integrative measures of statepolitical, socio-economic, national-cultural, informational, criminological, legal and moral. The priorities of the implementation of such a course are the urgent implementation of such strategic principles as DE monopolization, DE offshorization, requisition of energy security facilities, demarcation of business and power, and ensuring effective tax and customs policy. The effective mechanism against corruption is the disengagement of power and business, the elimination of factors of political corruption. It is proposed in the Law on the Prevention of Corruption, as well as in the laws regulating the status of civil servants, to enshrine the requirement of impeccable business reputation and integrity. A system of new legislation should be developed and adopted: the Code of Evidence, the Code of Law Enforcement, the Investigator Status Function Act, the Detective Status Act, the Jury and World Court Act, and the Crime Detection, Prevention and Prevention Act. It is proposed to state the disposition of the law of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on illegal enrichment in accordance with Article 20 of the UN Convention against Corruption of 31.10.2003. In particular, it is proposed to consolidate the responsibility of officials for a significant increase in assets that exceed the total assets of zero declaration and legal wages in the public service. The mechanisms of the state government should provide for the function of prosecutorial supervision over the enforcement of anti-corruption legislation in the activities of enterprises, executive authorities and local government. Systemic proposals are being made for the formation of a strategy and a comprehensive anticorruption programed.
Nowadays, media act as a conduit between governmental authorities and the public. The adjusted mechanism of interaction between public authorities and the media, effective and open information policy of the state, filling the information space with key messages today are just some of the main government's tasks in overcoming the crisis. The purpose of this article is to explore the main trends that exist in Ukrainian political and information spheres in order to develop anti-crisis tools for the effective formation of the media reputation of governmental authorities of Ukraine. In the process of research, a number of general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular, structural-functional, comparative, qualitative-quantitative, empirical research, etc. The lack of clear communication strategy, professional anti-crisis structural units for information monitoring and analysis, insufficient diagnostics of citizens' reaction to communication messages and attempts to resolve conflicts and crises situations cause the decrease of Ukraine's reputation in the international arena, makes it impossible for the public authorities to resolve crisis issues and inform the citizens during crisis and emergency situations. As a result of the research, it was stated that there is a lack of articulation of meaningful answers to painful questions and purposeful concentration of media and public attention to help to solve problems instead of spreading destructive sentiments. Under the new conditions of information space globalization and information wars, the state is obliged to bring Ukraine's media legislation to European standards, ensure national interests' preservation, take timely measures to protect vulnerable groups from potentially harmful content, without hindering the right to freedom of speech. Under these conditions, the level of trust in state institutions is dramatically falling and, public authorities should closely collaborate with civil society organizations. One of the key diagnostic methods ...
The article is devoted to the overview of the main features of contemporary anti-Americanism with the special focus on its regional dimensions. This issue has theoretical and practical value: it is important for better understanding of the current developments in the sphere of international relations and world's attitudes towards American foreign policy. Comparatively to foreign researches – in Ukrainian political and historical studies anti-Americanism is not a popular issue. The research methodology within proposed article is mainly based on a comparative analysis. It is found that each country has its own specifics of the perception of the United States, which depends on history, relationship with the USA, traditions of political culture etc. There are also identified mutual features for the negative sentiments towards the USA in the different regions of the world. It is concluded that contemporary anti-Americanism can be qualified as a comprehensive (is interpreted by different scholars as ideology, philosophy, attitudes, tendency, outlook, etc.), a large-scale (covers all social levels, wide-spread due to mass-media), a universal (is present in rhetoric of right and left political forces), a global (can be found all over the globe, both among American allies as well as opponents), a wave-shaped (periods of rise and fall of the negative attitudes towards the USA are clearly determined by world public opinion polls), and a manipulative (is used by politicians and business to attract attention of the public, to explain fails in foreign or domestic policy, to mobilize voters, to advertize goods) phenomenon.
Subject of study is the peculiarities of economic relations that develop between the subjects of the international economy in the conditions of the global crisis. The purpose of the article is to update: the process of globalization of the economic sphere in the context of large–scale liberalization of legislative regulation of relations in most countries; aimed at facilitating financial flows and guaranteeing the national regime to foreign capital. Methodology of work – the position of theories of international economics and finance, the concept of sustainable development. On the basis of the system analysis the factors of intrafirm turnover of TNCs influencing character of economic processes in Ukraine are defined. Using the methods of statistical and expert analysis, the prospects for the development of environmentally friendly hydrogen energy in the world are determined. The methods of structuring and synthesis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the potential for the development of the hydrogen economy in Ukraine. Results of the work –.Conceptualized environmentally friendly hydrogen energy (BE) in: 1. In terms of «hydrogen economy», which includes: 1) production of hydrogen from water using non–renewable energy sources (hydrocarbons, nuclear energy); 2) production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources (biomass); 3) reliable transportation and storage of hydrogen; 4) the use of hydrogen in industry, transport (land, air); 2. Contexts of theoretical discourse: K. Polanyi (Polanyi Karl), Sallins Marshall (Sahlins Marshall) on the violation of the relationship between the concepts of «reciprocity» and «redistribution»; the paradoxes of William Stanley Jevons and Allais Maurice; concepts of G. Tullock, R. Tollison, J. Buchanan, G. Olson on rent and information asymmetry; 3. Within asphacefatronics as a scientific field of security, which is based on energy information processes in biosphere, social, large technical systems 4. Analysis of the state and composition of: mineral resources (SME); mineral ...
Основою будь-якої діяльності є встановлення основних принципів її реалізації. Зрештою, вони визначають основні напрями такої діяльності, окреслюють її межі, допомагають будувати цілі. Належне формулювання принципів роботи є запорукою її ефективності. Звичайно, антикорупційна діяльність не є винятком. На нашу думку, в контексті комплексної протидії корупції в Україні законодавча консолідація основних принципів антикорупційної діяльності є важливою та актуальною. Основні принципи антикорупційної діяльності поділяються на загальні: верховенство права, законність , публічність та спеціальність: справедливість, принцип незалежності осіб, які мають повноваження у сфері боротьби з корупцією; принцип взаємодії силових структур з інститутами суспільства; наявність незалежних ЗМІ; принцип неминучості відповідальності за вчинення корупції та правопорушень, пов'язаних з корупцією; принцип інтегрованого та систематичного поєднання заходів щодо запобігання та боротьби з корупцією. ; The basis of any activity is the establishment of the basic principles of its implementation. After all, they will determine the main directions of such activity outline its boundaries, help to build goals. Proper formulation of the principles of operation is a guarantee of its effectiveness. Of course, anti-corruption activities are no exception. In our opinion, in the context of the comprehensive counteraction to corruption in Ukraine, the legislative consolidation of the basic principles of anti-corruption activities is important and urgent. Principles of anti-corruption activities are divided into general: the rule of law, legality, publicity and special: justice, the principle of independence of persons who are empowered in the field of combating corruption; principle of interaction of power structures with the institutes of society; availability of independent media; the principle of the inevitability of liability for the commission of corruption and corruption-related offenses; the principle of an integrated and systematic combination of measures to prevent and combat corruption.
The article presents the results of the study of the dialectic of value determinants of migration processes. The author emphasizes that the entire history of mankind is an illustration of the periodical increases or decreases in its mobility. In modern conditions of changing the established understanding of space and time as well as pandemic challenges, scientists face the problem of rethinking this phenomenon. In particular, in our opinion, the axiological determination of migration processes as one of the strategies of micro-level (family), group and social interaction, which can be both positive and antagonistic, requires special attention. The creation of the concept of "axiological map of the migrant" was realized through the means of mapping: meridional and horizontal coordinate system, representing group and individual modes of values. Theoretical substantiation of the research topic was carried out in accordance with the following principles: indisputability (an a priori principle) of the structural organization of values and individualized variants of their hierarchy; the dependence of the existential variant of axiological map from the initial level of freedom of the emigrant and the potential to fluctuations of such level, which are determined by the localization of the exit and travel directions, social and legal statuses of the interacting parties, objective factors of social development, etc.; ensuring the process of comprehension of the "immanent meaning" (M. Weber) of the individual choice of diasporic existence, by studying the empirical-pluralistic coordinates. It is argued that a society cannot exist without a generally accepted minimum of values, which ensures its functionality and multi-structural nature. Designing axiological maps of migrants in order to comprehend the "immanent meaning" of individual choice in building anti/migration strategies is a promising area of philosophical and political research. The study of projections of individual priorities will allow to adjust the directions of state policy in the field of education, social communication, economy, etc.
The subject of the study – anti–corruption policy of the EU and Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the key problems of the EU policy on the prevention of corruption manifestations for the implementation of the relevant analytical results in the development of recommendations for adjusting the anti–corruption policy of Ukraine. Research methodology – methods of analysis and synthesis (in the systematizing the legal and organizational foundations of the EU anti–corruption policy); method of comparison (in assessing the level of corruption in European countries and Ukraine); method of analogy (when making recommendations for adjusting the anti–corruption policy of Ukraine). Results of the work – The article examines the organizational and legal mechanism for implementing the anti–corruption policy of the European Union. The definition of corruption adopted in the EU is given. Examples of implementation of successful practices in the field of prevention and fight against corruption in a number of European countries are given. It is noted that corruption is one of the most destructive social phenomena, which hinders the sustainable development of any state, the efficiency of public administration and the functioning of social institutions. At the same time, corruption has the greatest negative impact on socio–economic development in developing countries, including Ukraine. It is noted that the experience of countries that have succeeded in combating corruption is useful for Ukraine in terms of: political will, the formation of citizens' conscious negative attitude to corruption, non–declarative nature of the rule of law, as well as constant monitoring and control of non–governmental public organizations. Application of results: international economics, public administration Conclusions. The implementation of the EU anti–corruption policy is complicated by the multi–level nature of the adoption of countermeasures, the lack of clarity in the interpretation of the definition of corruption, and the uneven ...
Problem setting. For many years, international and internal experts have stressed that since Independence, Ukraine has been heavily influenced by corruption both in the public administration and in the private sector. Accordingly, a considerable demand for active action of the state in the sphere of combating corruption as the mass phenomenon has formed in our society. For the sake of effectiveness, it is necessary to have the clear understanding of the strategy and directions of the state anti-corruption policy.Recent research and publications analysis. Recent research and publications analysis testifies to the popularity of researches into the problems of forming and implementing public policies in the field of corruption prevention. Various aspects of anti-corruption policy were investigated by Z. Zhivak, S. Kondratyuk, and I. Revak (in terms of managing economic processes in society); V. Vasilevich, T. Vasilevska, V. Nestyrovich, Y. Kovbasyuk and others. (formation and implementation of the state anti-corruption policy), O. Bereza (as a factor in the implementation of socio-economic reforms). The separate block of sources on anti-corruption activities of the state are laws and accompanying documents, as well as reports of international organizations and experts. On the other hand, during 2019 a number of significant state-political changes took place in Ukraine. That mainly influenced the visions and strategic decisions in various spheres of social and political life, including in the sphere of combating corruption.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. There are new visions to the development of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine based on the needs of society and the tendencies of administrative decisions, which are embodied in normative legal acts.Paper main body. In the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), which is compiled by Transparency International's global anti-corruption organization and based on estimates from entrepreneurs and analysts, our country ranked 120th in the 2018 list of 180 countries in the world.The article analyzes the Laws of Ukraine:– "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Ensuring the Effectiveness of the Institutional Mechanism for Corruption Prevention";– "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Corruption Prevention "for Corruptors";– "On Prevention of Corruption" state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine (Anti-corruption strategy) for 2014 – 2017";– Draft Law of Ukraine "On Anti-Corruption Strategy 2018 – 2020";– Program Provisions of the Government of Ukraine Plan on Combating Corruption;– Survey Report on Entrepreneurs, Experts and the Population as a whole "Corruption in Ukraine: Understanding, Perception, Prevalence" 2018.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The analysis of the program documents showed the existence of certain main directions of the state policy in the sphere of prevention of corruption, implementation of which is necessary for overcoming (maximum reduction) of this phenomenon. From the point of view of the modern Ukrainian politicum the following areas are:– improvement of legal regulation of issues of prevention, detection and counteraction of corruption;– formation in society of intolerant corruption in all spheres of public life and in the private sector;– information interaction with the society and communication support for reforms, access to information;– creation of a virtuous public service (special attention is needed by the judiciary, law enforcement agencies, employees of state-owned enterprises, representatives of political parties);– the introduction of effective mechanisms for identifying, preventing conflicts of interest, as well as declaring property, income, expenses and liabilities of the financial nature of public authorities, which provides for cross-checking by means of all available registers and electronic accounting systems;– effective activity of the entire law enforcement system, which carries out anti-corruption measures;– counteracting corruption in the process of privatization and management of public resources, eliminating corruption preconditions for doing business, forming a favorable climate for corrupting the business climate and intolerant business attitude to corruption. ; Проаналізовано стратегічні напрями запобігання корупції в Україні. Визначено причини їх зміни та суспільний запит на такі дії керівництва держави. Охарактеризовано базові нормативно-правові документи, які регламентують діяльність держави у напрямі запобігання корупції. Базуючись на аналізі останніх змін, визначено тенденції розвитку процесів запобігання корупції, властиві розвитку нашого суспільства на сучасному етапі.
Problem setting. For many years, international and internal experts have stressed that since Independence, Ukraine has been heavily influenced by corruption both in the public administration and in the private sector. Accordingly, a considerable demand for active action of the state in the sphere of combating corruption as the mass phenomenon has formed in our society. For the sake of effectiveness, it is necessary to have the clear understanding of the strategy and directions of the state anti-corruption policy.Recent research and publications analysis. Recent research and publications analysis testifies to the popularity of researches into the problems of forming and implementing public policies in the field of corruption prevention. Various aspects of anti-corruption policy were investigated by Z. Zhivak, S. Kondratyuk, and I. Revak (in terms of managing economic processes in society); V. Vasilevich, T. Vasilevska, V. Nestyrovich, Y. Kovbasyuk and others. (formation and implementation of the state anti-corruption policy), O. Bereza (as a factor in the implementation of socio-economic reforms). The separate block of sources on anti-corruption activities of the state are laws and accompanying documents, as well as reports of international organizations and experts. On the other hand, during 2019 a number of significant state-political changes took place in Ukraine. That mainly influenced the visions and strategic decisions in various spheres of social and political life, including in the sphere of combating corruption.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. There are new visions to the development of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine based on the needs of society and the tendencies of administrative decisions, which are embodied in normative legal acts.Paper main body. In the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), which is compiled by Transparency International's global anti-corruption organization and based on estimates from entrepreneurs and analysts, our country ranked 120th in the 2018 list of 180 countries in the world.The article analyzes the Laws of Ukraine:– "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Ensuring the Effectiveness of the Institutional Mechanism for Corruption Prevention";– "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Corruption Prevention "for Corruptors";– "On Prevention of Corruption" state anti-corruption policy in Ukraine (Anti-corruption strategy) for 2014 – 2017";– Draft Law of Ukraine "On Anti-Corruption Strategy 2018 – 2020";– Program Provisions of the Government of Ukraine Plan on Combating Corruption;– Survey Report on Entrepreneurs, Experts and the Population as a whole "Corruption in Ukraine: Understanding, Perception, Prevalence" 2018.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The analysis of the program documents showed the existence of certain main directions of the state policy in the sphere of prevention of corruption, implementation of which is necessary for overcoming (maximum reduction) of this phenomenon. From the point of view of the modern Ukrainian politicum the following areas are:– improvement of legal regulation of issues of prevention, detection and counteraction of corruption;– formation in society of intolerant corruption in all spheres of public life and in the private sector;– information interaction with the society and communication support for reforms, access to information;– creation of a virtuous public service (special attention is needed by the judiciary, law enforcement agencies, employees of state-owned enterprises, representatives of political parties);– the introduction of effective mechanisms for identifying, preventing conflicts of interest, as well as declaring property, income, expenses and liabilities of the financial nature of public authorities, which provides for cross-checking by means of all available registers and electronic accounting systems;– effective activity of the entire law enforcement system, which carries out anti-corruption measures;– counteracting corruption in the process of privatization and management of public resources, eliminating corruption preconditions for doing business, forming a favorable climate for corrupting the business climate and intolerant business attitude to corruption. ; Проаналізовано стратегічні напрями запобігання корупції в Україні. Визначено причини їх зміни та суспільний запит на такі дії керівництва держави. Охарактеризовано базові нормативно-правові документи, які регламентують діяльність держави у напрямі запобігання корупції. Базуючись на аналізі останніх змін, визначено тенденції розвитку процесів запобігання корупції, властиві розвитку нашого суспільства на сучасному етапі.
The rapid growth of the number of offshore zones, their integration into the global financial architecture, and, as a result, the growth of influence on the world economy and world politics, have made the phenomenon of tax havens a very relevant research topic in recent years. Tax havens in recent years have become the target of a number of international countries and organizations that have begun an active fight against offshore zones. Therefore, this article outlines the main aspects of anti-offshore regulation in the global economy and analyzes the controversial role of the leading economically developed states in this process. The mechanisms and tools that developed countries use in the fight against offshore jurisdictions and money laundering and the directions of such activities are outlined. In modern literature, mainly economic and legal aspects of international anti-offshore regulation are considered, but the political component of this problem is hardly touched upon. The purpose of this work is to fill the existing niche and outline the political components in the fight against tax havens. The politicization of the problem of combating offshore jurisdictions is closely related to its going beyond the national regulation of individual countries and gaining a global scale. Despite the active declaration of the need to combat offshore zones at the national and international levels, the activity of tax havens still continues to flourish, but its level is becoming more and more open. ; Стрімке зростання кількості офшорних зон, їх інтеграція вглобальну фінансову архітектуру, і як наслідок, зростання впливу на світовуекономіку та світову політику, зробили феномен податкових гаваней останнім часомдуже актуальною дослідницькою темою. Податкові гавані впродовж останніх років стали мішенню ряду міжнародних країн та організацій, які розпочали активну боротьбу з офшорними зонами. Тому в цій статті викладено основні аспекти антиофшорного регулювання в світовій економіці та проаналізовано суперечливу роль провідних економічно розвинених держав в цьому процесі. Окреслено механізми та інструменти, які використовують розвинені країни у боротьбі із офшорними юрисдикціями та відмиванням брудних грошей, та напрямки такої діяльності. У сучасній вітчизняній літературі розглядаються здебільшого економічніта правові аспекти міжнародного антиофшорного регулювання, проте політична складовацієї проблеми майже не торкається. Ця робота покликана заповнити цюіснуючу нішу та окреслити також політичні компоненти у боротьбі з податковимигаванями. Політизація проблеми боротьби з офшорними юрисдикціями тісно пов'язана із її виходом за межінаціонального регулювання окремих країн та набуттям глобального масштабу.Незважаючи на активне декларування необхідності боротьби з офшорними зонамиряду лідерів країн та організації, діяльність податкових гаваней досіпродовжує процвітати, однак її рівень стає дедалі відкритішим.
The term «anti-corruption reform» is quite often used in regulations, strategic and program documents of the state, but its concept is not defined. In theoretical developments on anti-corruption reform, prevention of corruption or responsibility for it, this term is mostly not defined. The concept of «anti-corruption reform» in the articles is revealed through the study of the terms that make it up, as well as its connection with the concepts of «legal reform» and «administrative reform». Given the theoretical approaches to the concept of «reform» and its characteristics, anti-corruption reform is characterized as: 1) a process of evolutionary, not revolutionary, change; 2) aimed at improving, increasing the effectiveness of the object of reform, which is anti-corruption; 3) a complex, systemic, planned, long-term process of changes (transformations) of the object in accordance with the purpose; 4) it envisages a change in the legal field and a change in the institutions that are the basis for the implementation of reforms; 5) in the process of its implementation no changes in the socio-political or constitutional system of the country are envisaged.The connection between anti-corruption reform and the legal one is that the latter creates a legislative (legal) basis for the implementation of anti-corruption reform, as well as provides legal regulation of the organization and activities of the subjects of anti-corruption reform in Ukraine. The systemic connection between anti-corruption reform and administrative reform arises due to the fact that the administrative one creates an organizational and institutional basis for anti-corruption reform.Taking into account the theoretical approaches to the concepts of «reform», «legal reform», «administrative reform» and their features, the concept of «anti-corruption reform» is proposed in the formulation: is declared by the state and enshrined in regulations a planned, systematic process of transformation to reduce corruption in Ukraine in all spheres of life, the introduction of a new system of anti-corruption institutions, formation of anti-corruption policy by public authorities aimed at intolerance of corruption and the inevitability of punishment for corruption with broad public involvement in this process.The definition of the concept of «anti-corruption reform in Ukraine» is based on a general theoretical understanding of the concept of «reform». The definition of «anti-corruption reform in Ukraine» is based on its connection with the concepts of «legal reform» and «administrative reform». Our proposed definition of anti-corruption reform may be the subject of further research, the subject of which will be the implementation of anti-corruption reform in Ukraine. ; Статтю присвячено теоретичному обґрунтуванню поняття «антикорупційна реформа в Україні». На основі аналізу наукових підходів до поняття «реформа» та її ключових характеристик здійснено загальну теоретичну характеристику антикорупційної реформи. Доведено змістовний зв'язок антикорупційної реформи з правовою та адміністративною реформами. Запропоновано авторське визначення поняття «антикорупційна реформа в Україні» та розкрито його сутнісні ознаки.
The term «anti-corruption reform» is quite often used in regulations, strategic and program documents of the state, but its concept is not defined. In theoretical developments on anti-corruption reform, prevention of corruption or responsibility for it, this term is mostly not defined. The concept of «anti-corruption reform» in the articles is revealed through the study of the terms that make it up, as well as its connection with the concepts of «legal reform» and «administrative reform». Given the theoretical approaches to the concept of «reform» and its characteristics, anti-corruption reform is characterized as: 1) a process of evolutionary, not revolutionary, change; 2) aimed at improving, increasing the effectiveness of the object of reform, which is anti-corruption; 3) a complex, systemic, planned, long-term process of changes (transformations) of the object in accordance with the purpose; 4) it envisages a change in the legal field and a change in the institutions that are the basis for the implementation of reforms; 5) in the process of its implementation no changes in the socio-political or constitutional system of the country are envisaged.The connection between anti-corruption reform and the legal one is that the latter creates a legislative (legal) basis for the implementation of anti-corruption reform, as well as provides legal regulation of the organization and activities of the subjects of anti-corruption reform in Ukraine. The systemic connection between anti-corruption reform and administrative reform arises due to the fact that the administrative one creates an organizational and institutional basis for anti-corruption reform.Taking into account the theoretical approaches to the concepts of «reform», «legal reform», «administrative reform» and their features, the concept of «anti-corruption reform» is proposed in the formulation: is declared by the state and enshrined in regulations a planned, systematic process of transformation to reduce corruption in Ukraine in all spheres of life, the introduction of a new system of anti-corruption institutions, formation of anti-corruption policy by public authorities aimed at intolerance of corruption and the inevitability of punishment for corruption with broad public involvement in this process.The definition of the concept of «anti-corruption reform in Ukraine» is based on a general theoretical understanding of the concept of «reform». The definition of «anti-corruption reform in Ukraine» is based on its connection with the concepts of «legal reform» and «administrative reform». Our proposed definition of anti-corruption reform may be the subject of further research, the subject of which will be the implementation of anti-corruption reform in Ukraine. ; Статтю присвячено теоретичному обґрунтуванню поняття «антикорупційна реформа в Україні». На основі аналізу наукових підходів до поняття «реформа» та її ключових характеристик здійснено загальну теоретичну характеристику антикорупційної реформи. Доведено змістовний зв'язок антикорупційної реформи з правовою та адміністративною реформами. Запропоновано авторське визначення поняття «антикорупційна реформа в Україні» та розкрито його сутнісні ознаки.
The article is devoted to the analysis of anti-imperial (anti-Russian, anti-Moscow) discourse in culturological treatises and letters by I. Nechui-Levytsky. It's noted that since the publication of previously prohibited and suppressed treatises by the classic of the Ukrainian literature in the 1990s (in particular "The Unnecessity of Great Russian Literature for Ukraine and the Slavonic Region", "Ukrainianity in literary litigation with Muscovy") wider opportunities opened up for revelation of I. Nechui-Levytsky's philosophical and ideological and aesthetic positions, affirmation of his life and literary Ukrainocentrism. Retrospective comprehension of the writer's treatises is observed (works of Ivan Franko, Sergiy Yefremov, contemporary researchers). A notable encyclopedism of Nechui first of all in the humanitarian sphere is determined. Attention is focused on classic's certain subjectivism in construction of cultural strategies, on the obvious relevance of a number of his historiosophical visions primarily in the domain of Ukrainian-Russian relations, on the European humanitarian positions. In the analyzed treatises of the classic writer his anti-colonial position realized more or less in a number of his literary works and letters is obviously revealed. It is pointed out that the main purpose of author's critical judgments was the Russified political tendency of Ukrainian Russia generated the apparent failure and erosion of the Ukrainian culture, in particular literature. A clearer outline of the ideological and literary positions of I. Nechui-Levytsky as anti-colonial, anti-imperial ones reveals in the analysis of nowadays understanding of Slavophilism ideas (treatise "Organs of the Russian parties" etc.) frequently revealing in his visions as Pharisaism because they covered the imperial, aggressive policies of the Russian Empire. Nechui is conscious of the historical mission of Ukrainians, defends the national idea as the realization of the legitimate right of Ukrainians to express themselves and assert themselves through culture and writing. In the article it's accented that in the letters by I. Nechui-Levytsky being to a large extent also an expression of his outlook and creative spirit anti-imperial discourse is not so clearly defined as in the treatises but in the fundamental questions such as the typology of Ukrainian-Russian relations, the position of the Ukrainian language, censorship, etc. the "epistolary" thinks of the classic are quite similar to ones in the treatises.
The article considers the current conditions in which such anti-corruption bodies as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, and the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court of Ukraine have to operate. Based on the opinions of scientists and experts, it has been established that anti-corruption bodies now face the following challenges: constant pressure from the authorities, irresponsibility of the majority of people's deputies, which makes it very difficult for these bodies to work; most citizens of our state perceive corruption as a relatively simple way to solve problems quickly. Ordinary citizens are accustomed, so to speak, to solving either complex or simple issues (in health care or education institutions, courts and other public institutions) "mainly through bribes to officials of lower levels of government who abuse their official position, using it for the purpose of illegal profit or for other selfish purposes; obvious abuse of power by top officials, misappropriation of state property, land, concealment of wealth. In view of this, corruption has been perceived for many years by scholars and ordinary citizens as perhaps the greatest threat to the progress of socio-economic development of the state, its formation as a democracy. The problem of combating corruption as one of the most dangerous phenomena of modern Ukrainian society, which has penetrated almost all spheres of life, is extremely acute not only in Ukraine but also in many developed European countries, including Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.). It has been proved that anti-corruption bodies have never become independent and autonomous in their activities. They are often pressured by the Prosecutor General's Office, deputies, and interfere in the investigation, which, of course, alarms international partners and civil society
It has been stressed that at the present stage anti-corruption policy of the state is characterized by certain isolation from other spheres of executive and administrative activity. That is, the authorities act only in certain areas, which are mainly related to the elimination of the effects of corruption, while most foreign countries focus attention on prevention – the impact on the factors leading to the emergence of corruption. In this sense, domestic anti-corruption policy needs a substantial re-thinking. The purpose of the article became theoretical and legal study of international experience in the implementation of anti-corruption policy in such countries as the Netherlands, Finland, USA, Japan, South Korea, Georgia, as well as studying the possibilities of its use in Ukraine. Authors have analyzed organizational structure of specialized anti-corruption institutions, legislation of these countries and methods of implementation of anti-corruption policy. Conclusions regarding the directions and scope of the use of international experience in the implementation of anti-corruption policy in Ukraine have been made. In particular, authors prove that Ukraine while formulating and implementing anti-corruption policy, should focus on: the harmonious combination of coercive and incentive measures; introduction of inter-institutional models for the detection, prevention and combating corruption; balancing state and public interests in the implementation of anti-corruption measures; raising the legal culture and citizens' legal awareness through anti-corruption propaganda and reforming education; creation of the conditions for impossibility of legalization of incomes obtained through the commission of corruption offenses; systematic nature in reforming state power and minimization of direct contacts between citizens and state officials. It has been also found out that an important role in the foreign practice of anti-corruption policy implementation plays the combination of organizational (creation of special anti-corruption structures), legal (legislative definition of the principles and mechanisms of combating corruption) and information (ensuring transparency of public administration) aspects. It is the complexity of these aspects that ensures the effectiveness of anti-corruption policy of the state. It has been determined that in the majority of foreign countries, which experience in preventing and combating corruption is positive, the political will of the authorities and the interaction of the authorities and civil society institutions in the prevention and counteraction of corruption play a decisive role. ; Досліджено позитивний досвід реалізації антикорупційної політики в таких зарубіжних державах, як Нідерланди, Фінляндія, США, Японія, Південна Корея, Грузія, а також можливість його використання в Україні. Проаналізовано організаційну структуру спеціалізованих антикорупційних інституцій, законодавство цих країн та методи реалізації політики у сфері протидії корупції. Зроблено висновки щодо напрямків та обсягу використання зарубіжного досвіду реалізації антикорупційної політики в Україні.
