Suchergebnisse

This article studies the impacts that the new economy, resulting from automation, represents for Law. Its hypothesis is that a new social security, based on universal basic income, funded by taxing the use of automation tools, should replace systems based mainly on the employment relationship; and principles related to transparency, explicability and non-discrimination should create obligations for developers and users of AI-powered worker selection tools. Methodology: hypothetical-deductive procedure method, with a transdisciplinary and qualitative approach, and bibliographic review research technique. Results: i) Labor regulation must be planned beyond substitution, focusing on a new economy, in which formal jobs, inserted in a paradigm of social and economic protection, are eroding, and the great challenge will be to protect decent work standards concurrently with the enlargement of dignity for non employed workers; ii) A universal basic income funded by taxes on automation would be interesting, but problematic from the point of view of solidarity in its costing, since the stress of national economies can cause fear on governments. And globally, such taxation, if adopted differently, can cause great tax competition between countries; iii) Transparency obligations are necessary to mitigate bias in hiring tools, but not self-sufficient, because the bias is complex, mainly due to the multiplicity of discriminatory factors and to the opacity of the logic in machine learning. ; Este artículo estudia los impactos que la nueva economía, debido a la automatización, representa para el Derecho. Su hipótesis es que una nueva seguridad social, basada en el ingreso básico universal, financiada mediante la institución de impuestos al uso de herramientas de automatización, debería reemplazar los sistemas basados principalmente en la relación laboral; y los principios relacionados con la transparencia, la explicabilidad y la no discriminación deberían crear obligaciones para los desarrolladores y usuarios de las herramientas de selección por IA. Metodología: método de procedimiento hipotético-deductivo, con un enfoque transdisciplinario y cualitativo, y técnica de investigación de revisión bibliográfica. Resultados: i) La regulación laboral debe planificarse más allá de la sustitución, centrándose en una nueva economía, en la cual los empleos formales, insertados en un paradigma de protección social y económica, se erosionan, y el gran desafío será proteger los estándares de trabajo decente concomitante con la expansión de la dignidad para los no empleados; ii) El ingreso básico universal pagado por los impuestos sobre la automatización es interesante, pero problemático en términos de solidaridad en su costo, ya que el estrés de las economías nacionales puede causar temor a los gobiernos. Y a nivel mundial, si se adopta de manera diferente, puede causar una gran competición fiscal entre países; iii) Las obligaciones de transparencia son necesarias para mitigar el sesgo en los algoritmos de selección de trabajadores, pero no son autosuficientes, ya que el sesgo es complejo, debido principalmente a la multiplicidad de factores discriminatorios y la opacidad de la lógica en el aprendizaje automático. ; Este artigo estuda os impactos que a nova economia, decorrente da automação, representa para o Direito. Sua hipótese é que uma nova seguridade social, baseada em renda básica universal, custeada pela tributação do uso de ferramentas de automação, deve substituir os sistemas baseados mormente na relação de emprego; e princípios atinentes à transparência, à explicabilidade e à não discriminação devem criar obrigações para desenvolvedores e usuários de ferramentas de seleção de trabalhadores por IA. Metodologia: método de procedimento hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem transdisciplinar e qualitativa, e técnica de pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: i) A regulação trabalhista deve ser planejada para além da substituição, focando-se em uma nova economia, em que empregos formais, inseridos em um paradigma de proteção social e econômica erodem, e o grande desafio será proteger os padrões de trabalho decente em concomitância ao alargamento da dignidade para não empregados; ii) A renda básica universal custeada por tributos sobre a automação é interessante, porém problemática quanto à solidariedade no seu custeio, pois o estresse das economias nacionais pode causar temor aos governos. E globalmente, se adotada de modo díspar, pode ocasionar grande concorrência tributária entre países; iii) Obrigações de transparência são necessárias para atenuar o viés em algoritmos de seleção de trabalhadores, mas não autossuficientes, pois o viés é complexo, principalmente em razão da multiplicidade de fatores discriminatórios e da opacidade da lógica no aprendizado de máquina.

Yarden Katz reveals the ideology embedded in the concept of artificial intelligence, contending that it both serves and mimics the logic of white supremacy. Only by seeing the connection between artificial intelligence and whiteness can we prioritize alternatives to the conception of AI as an all-encompassing technological force.

El passat 27 de juny de 2018, el grup de recerca Dret d'Internet - DDI (grup consolidat AGAUR 2017SGR1711), dels Estudis de Dret i Ciència Política de la UOC, va organitzar la jornada «Intel·ligència Artificial i Dret», a la seu de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, a Av. del Tibidabo, 39, de Barcelona. Com a ponents es va comptar amb la presència dels professors Manuel Desantes (catedràtic de Dret Internacional Privat, Universitat d'Alacant), Jane C. Ginsburg, Morton L. Janklow (professor de Dret de Propietat Literària i Artística, Columbia University Law School), Andrés Guadamuz (professor agregat de Propietat Intel·lectual, Universitat de Sussex), Aurelio López-Tarruella (professor titular de Dret Internacional Privat, Universitat d'Alacant), Alessandro Mantelero (professor de Dret Privat, Politecnico di Torino), Anna Ramalho (professora ajudant de Propietat Intel·lectual, Maastricht University) i Antoni Rubí Puig, (professor agregat de Dret Civil, Universitat Pompeu Fabra). ; On 27 June 2018, the "Internet Law" (IL) research group (consolidated group AGAUR 2017SGR1711) of the Legal Studies and Political Science department of the UOC organised the "Artificial Intelligence and Law" conference in the headquarters of the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya in Barcelona, on Av. Tibidabo 39. Speakers included the lecturers Manuel Desantes (Lecturer in International Private Law, Universitat d'Alacant), Jane C. Ginsburg, Morton L. Janklow (Professor of Literary & Artistic Property Law, Colombia University Law School), Andrés Guadamuz (Senior Lecturer on Intellectual Property, University of Sussex), Aurelio López-Tarruella (Tenured Lecturer in International Private Law, Universitat d'Alacant), Alessandro Mantelero (Professor of Private Law, Politecnico di Torino), Anna Ramalho (Assistant Professor of Intellectual Property, Maastricht University), and Antoni Rubí Puig (Assistant Lecturer in Civil Law, Universitat Pompeu Fabra). ; El pasado 27 de junio de 2018, el grupo de investigación «Derecho de internet» DDI (grupo consolidado AGAUR 2017SGR1711), de los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la UOC, organizó la Jornada «Inteligencia Artificial y Derecho," en la sede de la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, en Av. Tibidabo 39 de Barcelona. Como ponentes se contó con la presencia de los profesores Manuel Desantes, catedrático de Derecho internacional privado, Universitat d'Alacant), Jane C. Ginsburg, Morton L. Janklow, Professor of Literary & Artistic Property Law (Columbia University Law School), Andrés Guadamuz, Senior Lecturer on Intellectual Property (University of Sussex), Aurelio López-Tarruella, profesor titular de Derecho Internacional Privado (Universitat d'Alacant), Alessandro Mantelero, Professor of Private Law (Politecnico di Torino), Anna Ramalho, Assistant Professor of Intellectual Property (Maastricht University) y Antoni Rubí Puig, profesor agregado de Derecho Civil (Universitat Pompeu Fabra).

The use of artificial intelligence systems in the everyday world has increased, they are even being used to speed up the decision-making governmental process governments around the world. Latin American countries are just beginning to adopt this type of technology with the aim of achieving the paradigm of "Smart Government". In the field of Justice, a deep redesign is essential to move from overloaded courts, slow and cumbersome processes and a "paper" bureaucracy to the ideal of expeditious, impartial and transparent justice supported by strategic developments in artificial intelligence. ; El uso de sistemas de inteligencia artificial en el mundo cotidiano se ha disparado, incluso ya se están utilizando para agilizar la toma de decisiones en distintos gobiernos del mundo. Los países de América Latina recién empiezan a adoptar este tipo de tecnología con el objetivo de alcanzar el paradigma de "Gobierno Inteligente", en el ámbito de la impartición de justicia, es indispensable un rediseño profundo para pasar de tribunales sobrecargados, procesos lentos y engorrosos y una burocracia "de papel" al ideal de una justicia expedita, imparcial y transparente con el apoyo de desarrollos estratégicos de inteligencia artificial.

Protecting the health, safety, and performance of exploration-class mission crews against the physiological deconditioning resulting from long-term weightlessness during transit and long-term reduced gravity during surface operations will require effective, multi-system countermeasures. Artificial gravity, which would replace terrestrial gravity with inertial forces generated by rotating the transit vehicle or by short-radius human centrifuge devices within the transit vehicle or surface habitat, has long been considered a potential solution. However, despite its attractiveness as an efficient, multi-system countermeasure and its potential for improving the environment and simplifying operational activities, much still needs to be learned regarding the human response to rotating environments before artificial gravity can be successfully implemented. This book reviews the principle and rationale for using artificial gravity during space missions, and describes the current options proposed, including a short-radius centrifuge contained within a spacecraft. In Artificial Gravity, experts provide recommendations on the research needed to assess whether or not short-radius centrifuge workouts can help limit deconditioning of physiological systems. "Aided by an exquisite group of experts, Gilles Clement and Angie Bukley have managed to put together THE new, comprehensive reference book on artificial gravity. This book will be an essential resource for students, scientists, and program planners alike."--Oliver Angerer, European Space Agency "Drs. Gilles Clement and Angie Bukley have provided a unique book that looks at the practicability of artificial gravity, and have invited respected experts in the space flight community to contribute to this discourse. Like the early 1960 studies of artificial gravity, their book charts the future, guiding both seasoned investigators and students with the tools necessary for understanding the complex problems of artificial gravity and the effect of that environment on biological systems."--Millard F. Reschke, NASA, The Johnson Space Center

Part I. Formation: In the service of empire -- In the service of capital -- Part II. Self and the social order -- Epistemic forgeries and ghosts in the machine -- Adaptation, not abolition: critical AI experts and carceral-positive logic -- Artificial whiteness -- Part III. Alternatives: Dissenting visions: from autopoietic love to embodied war -- A generative refusal.

Robot evolution: Artificial intelligence by artificial evolution
Most people think of evolution as a biological phenomenon that produced Life on Earth, plants, animals, and us, the Homo Sapiens. Within Computer Science, however, there is another view: evolution is seen as a metaphor for problem-solving, in particular, as a special approach to optimization, working with a 'population' of solutions and improving them over time through repeated selection-reproduction cycles. This is the research of A.E. Eiben, the Professor of Computational Intelligence at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He notes that the vision of robot evolution foresees a radically new robotic technology where robots can reproduce, evolve, and learn. Robot evolution and development require significant efforts from highly trained experts which is not scalable. This world has an increasing need for novel algorithmic approaches and research tools to explore the space of bodies and brains together and solve the design problem (good body) and the control problem (good brain).In his team, he is discovering new methods needed to tackle complex environments without good models, not only simple, well-known conditions, such as, factories or living rooms.

An exploration of the implications of developments in artificial intelligence for social scientific research, which builds on the theoretical and methodological insights provided by "Simulating societies".; This book is intended for worldwide library market for social science subjects such as sociology, political science, geography, archaeology/anthropology, and significant appeal within computer science, particularly artificial intelligence. Also personal reference for researchers.

This Essay investigates the concept of artificial meaning, meanings produced by entities other than individual natural persons. That investigation begins in Part I with a preliminary inquiry in the meaning of "meaning," in which the concept of meaning is disambiguated. The relevant sense of "meaning" for the purpose of this inquiry is captured by the idea of communicative content, although the phrase "linguistic meaning" is also a rough equivalent. Part II presents a thought experiment, The Chinese Intersection, which investigates the creation of artificial meaning produced by an AI that creates legal rules for the regulation of a hyper-complex conflux of transportation systems. The implications of the thought experiment are explored in Part III, which sketches a theory of the production of communicative content by AI. Part IV returns to The Chinese Intersection, but Version 2.0 involves a twist—after a technological collapse, the AI is replaced by humans engaged in massive collaboration to duplicate the functions of the complex processes that had formerly governed the flow of automotive, bicycle, light-rail, and pedestrian traffic. The second thought experiment leads in Part V to an investigation of the production of artificial meaning by group agents—artificial persons constituted by rules that govern the interaction of natural persons. The payoff of the investigation is presented in Part VI. The communicative content created by group agents like constitutional conventions, legislatures, and teams of lawyers that draft complex transactional documents is artificial meaning, which can be contrasted with natural meaning—the communicative content of those exceptional legal texts that are produced by a single individual. This insight is key to any theory of the interpretation and construction of legal texts. A conclusion provides a speculative meditation on the implications of the new theory of artificial meaning for some of the great debates in legal theory.