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O trabalho aborda o movimento político indígena que se consolidou a partir da década de 70 do século XX, no Estado de Roraima, com o fortalecimento de identidades indígenas, focalizando, sobretudo, os Makuxi e os Wapichana. Analisa-se a interface dessas identidades com as identidades nacionais de brasileiro e guianense na fronteira internacional, que se consolidaram a partir da definição dessa fronteira em 1904. Examina-se como se sobrepõem essas identidades, e como se convivem simultaneamente como identidades contextualizadas entre os povos indígenas que habitam essa região desde muito antes da imposição da fronteira internacional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: movimento indígena, Makuxi, Wapichana, identidades nacionais e étnicas, fronteira. LE MOUVEMENT POLITIQUE INDIGÈNE À RORAIMA: identités indigènes et nationales à la frontière du Brésil et de La Guyanne Stephen G. Baines Ce travail traite du mouvement politique indigène qui s'est consolidé à partir des années 70 du XXe siècle, dans l'État de Roraima, grâce au renforcement des identités autochtones, et en prenant tout spécialement en considération les Makuxi et les Wapichana. Une analyse est faite de l'interface de ces identités avec les identités nationales brésilienne et guyannaise, à la frontière internationale, qui se sont consolidées à partir de la définition de cette frontière en 1904. On analyse la manière dont ces identités se supperposent et on cherche à savoir si elles se cotoient comme des identités en contexte avec les peuples autochtones qui habitent cette région depuis bien avant l'imposition des frontières internationales MOTS-CLÉS: mouvement indigène, Makuxi, Wapichana, identités nationales et ethniques, frontière. THE INDIGENOUS POLITICAL MOVEMENT IN RORAIMA: indigenous and national identities in the border of Brazil and Guiana Stephen G. Baines This article discusses the indigenous political movement which has been consolidated in Roraima State, Brazil, since the 1970s, through the strengthening of indigenous identities, focusing above all on the Macushi and Wapishana. An analysis is made of the interface of these identities with Brazilian and Guyanese national identities, on the international border, which became clearly defined after this border was demarcated in 1904. The ways in which these identities overlap, and exist together simultaneously as contextualised identities is examined among the indigenous peoples who inhabit this region since long before the international border was imposed. KEY-WORDS: indigenous movement, Makuxi, Wapichana, ethnical and national identities, frontier.Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh

David Finkelhor examines initiatives to prevent child sexual abuse, which have focused on two primary strategies—offender management and school-based educational programs. Recent major offender managment initiatives have included registering sex offenders, notifying communities about their presence, conducting background employment checks, controlling where offenders can live, and imposing longer prison sentences. Although these initiatives win approval from both the public and policy makers, little evidence exists that they are effective in preventing sexual abuse. Moreover, these initiatives, cautions Finkelhor, are based on an overly stereotyped characterization of sexual abusers as pedophiles, guileful strangers who prey on children in public and other easy-access environments and who are at high risk to re-offend once caught. In reality the population is much more diverse. Most sexual abusers are not strangers or pedophiles; many (about a third) are themselves juveniles. Many have relatively low risks for re-offending once caught. Perhaps the most serious shortcoming to offender management as a prevention strategy, Finkelhor argues, is that only a small percentage of new offenders have a prior sex offense record that would have involved them in the management system. He recommends using law enforcement resources to catch more undetected offenders and concentrating intensive management efforts on those at highest risk to re-offend.

Finkelhor explains that school-based educational programs teach children such skills as how to identify dangerous situations, refuse an abuser's approach, break off an interaction, and summon help. The programs also aim to promote disclosure, reduce self-blame, and mobilize bystanders. Considerable evaluation research exists about these programs, suggesting that they achieve certain of their goals. Research shows, for example, that young people can and do acquire the concepts. The programs may promote disclosure and help children not to blame themselves. But studies are inconclusive about whether education programs reduce victimization. Finkelhor urges further research and development of this approach, in particular efforts to integrate it into comprehensive health and safety promotion curricula.

Finkelhor also points to evidence that supports counseling strategies both for offenders, particularly juveniles, to reduce re-offending, and for victims, to prevent negative mental health and life course outcomes associated with abuse.

Abstract.In the literature on leadership, the Certainty Axiom holds that leaders exercise leadership through reassuring uncertain citizens. It is thought that policy entrepreneurs particularly must supply much certainty to lead people to adopt new policies. A new theory—the Strategic Manipulation of Uncertainty (SMU) model—challenges this axiom. Its propositions hold that political leaders may strategically address public uncertainty to secure specific objectives. Risk-averse, traditional ("transactional") leaders communicate more certainty, and less uncertainty, than their transformational counterparts. Risk-acceptant, entrepreneurial ("transformational") leaders supply less certainty, and more uncertainty, than their transactional counterparts. Testing these hypotheses through analyzing the public speeches of Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow and Alberta Premier Ralph Klein supports the SMU model. As a transactional leader, Premier Romanow communicated more certainty, and less uncertainty, than Premier Klein. Premier Klein communicated less certainty, and more uncertainty, than Premier Romanow. The results challenge the utility of the Certainty Axiom and suggest that leaders address citizens' uncertainty strategically, increasing it or reducing it, in pursuit of particular policy objectives.Résumé.Dans la littérature sur le leadership, l'axiome de la certitude stipule que les dirigeants exercent leur leadership en réassurant les citoyens incertains. On considère que les initiateurs de politiques publiques en particulier doivent transmettre beaucoup de certitude pour convaincre le public d'adopter de nouvelles politiques. Une nouvelle théorie—le modèle de la Manipulation stratégique de l'incertitude—remet en question cet axiome. Ce modèle propose que les dirigeants politiques puissent s'adresser stratégiquement à l'incertitude du public afin d'atteindre des objectifs spécifiques. Les dirigeants traditionnels, prenant peu de risques (" transactionnels "), communiquent plus de certitude, et moins d'incertitude, tandis que les dirigeants prenant des risques, entreprenant (" transformationnels "), offrent moins de certitude et plus d'incertitude. Ces hypothèses sont testées en analysant les discours publics du Premier Ministre de la Saskatchewan, Roy Romanow et du Premier Ministre de l'Alberta, Ralph Klein. Ceci confirme le modèle. En tant que dirigeant " transactionnel ", Roy Romanow était plus rassurant que son homologue, Ralph Klein, en ce qui concerne la restructuration fiscale. Les résultats contestent l'utilité de l'axiome de la certitude et suggèrent que les dirigeants entreprenants peuvent bénéficier de l'incertitude des citoyens.

Les femmes inventrices sont rares. Elles sont redéfinies, reformées et rendues invisible par des structures patriarcales et de genre. Dans cette étude, les expériences et réalités de 21 femmes inventrices contemporaines canadiennes, des femmes qui sont dans des occupations inusités même pour des hommes, sont rapportées. Les femmes inventrices, n'importe leur degré de succès, ont souvent de la répugnance à reconnaître qu'elles sont, de fait, inventrices. Un inventeur, dans notre imagerie culturelle, est un pionnier mâle qui est eccentrique, incompris, mais qu'on estime talentueux. Les femmes semblent être moins voulante ?accepter le stigmate associéà ces images. Les personnes qui sont proches des femmes inventrices, incluant leurs maris, font collusion en trivialisant les tentatives des femmes à inventer. Plusieurs forces entrelacées sont en opérations parmi les expériences des femmes inventrices. Les contributions des femmes ont tendance àêtre rendues invisibles dans une société patriarcale qui redéfinie tout ce que les femmes font en terme mâle. Ľidéologie masculin prédomine ?en terme dont elle contribue à reformer ľexpérience vécue des femmes dans un moule qui renforce les mythes de ce que la femme est et fait. Les femmes ne sont pas percues comme jouant un rôle actif dans la création et le contrôle de la technologie, mais plutôt comme étant contrôlé par celle‐ci.Women inventors are rare. They are redefined, reshaped and rendered invisible by patriarchy and gender structure. In this study, the experiences and realities of 21 contemporary Canadian women inventors, women who are in an unusual occupation even for men, are related. Women inventors, no matter how successful, are found to be reluctant to acknowledge that they are, indeed, inventors. An inventor, in our cultural imagery, is a male pioneer who is eccentric, misunderstood but ultimately brilliant. Women seem less willing to accept the stigma associated with these images. People who are close to women inventors, including their husbands, collude in trivializing women's attempts to invent. Several interwoven forces are operative in the experiences of women inventors. Women's contributions tend to be rendered invisible in a patriarchal society which redefines all of what women do and are on male terms. Male ideology predominates in such a way as to reshape women's lived experiences to fit myths of what women are and do. Women are not seen as playing an active role in creating and controlling technology but in being controlled by it.

Health is a universally recognized value and a prerequisite for a full life, work and social realization of person, the satisfaction of material and spiritual needs, his economic, political, scientific and cultural activities. The aim of the article is to demonstrate the place of health and healthcare in the hierarchy of universal values based on modern approaches to the essence of the value of health and the laws of Ukraine; to characterize the level of compliance of the real preventive acti vity with its proclaimed value based on the results of various sociological studies. The method of content analysis (to study modern views on the value of health and how it's reflected in the national legislative field) and the sociological method (to assess the level of correspondence between the declared value of health and real activities aimed at preserving and strengthening it) are used. A comparative analysis of several population surveys (their fragments) is carried out, which concerned the importance of the category of health in the list of life values, the priority of state budget expenditures, understanding of European values, etc. The surveys were performed in Ukraine and abroad. The results of a study on the medical activity of the economically active population (aged 18-69) of the Chernivtsi region and a survey of the working age population (aged 18-59) in the Dnipropetrovsk region are analyzed. We also investigate the research data of the preventive activity of primary care doctors in the field of promoting a healthy lifestyle and eliminating risk factors for major non-communicable diseases. Parallels are drawn with other sociological studies. The article illustrates the difference between the proclamation by the Constitution of Ukraine of the highest social value of human life and health, and the priority of healthcare as a direction of state activity by Fundamentals of the Legislation of Ukraine on Healthcare; the tasks set for the implementation of the country's Sustainable Development Goals and the distribution of expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine for the current 2021 year (the volume and share allocated to healthcare). The paper proves the existence of a socially important problem of a significant discrepancy between the degree of value of health proclaimed by people and their actual activities to preserve and strengthen it. The article substantiates the need to reflect the concept of the value of health in the social policy of the country as a whole and the policy in the field of Public Health in particular, in everyday medical practice, primarily through the real priority of the preventive component. Continuity over time with a change of governments, stability and sufficiency of resources provided for its implementation, and the development of a patient-centered system are defined as necessary conditions for the implementation of the concept of the value of health

An important component of the state-building process in Ukraine is the government's activities to ensure national security, which is an attribute of independence. The ruling political forces in Ukraine have created the necessary legal framework for national security (parliamentary resolutions, laws, decrees of the head of state). The process of ensuring the national security of Ukraine should be divided into stages: 1991−2014 (imitation) and after 2014 (essential). The peculiarities of the first stage were the wide involvement of Soviet approaches in the formation of the institutional basis for ensuring national security, the imitation of the defense activity of legitimate armed formations, and the development of the military organization of the state. It was considered that the proper level of military security of Ukraine is evidence of national security in general. At the beginning of 2014, the system of ensuring Ukraine's national security on the basis of imitation collapsed, which failed to counteract Russia's aggressive plans. Seeking to hinder the will of the Ukrainian people for a European future, Russia occupied part of Ukraine's territory − the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, and unleashed military aggression in eastern Ukraine. The beginning of the essential stage of ensuring the national security of Ukraine is connected with the initiative involvement of civil society in the implementation of security and defense tasks. Evidence of this were: the rapid organization of the emergence of volunteer battalions and their practical application in eastern Ukraine; active formation of local self-defense forces; powerful volunteer movement; deployment of information resistance structures to the enemy's propaganda influences; implementation of the values of patriotism in the spiritual and cultural life of the population, etc. The violent reaction of civil society to the threats and dangers that threaten the very existence of an independent and sovereign Ukraine has become a social reality. In Ukraine, there has been a fundamental shift in emphasis in the understanding of national security. The main subject of its ensuring is the security and defense sector, which combines state authorities, state armed formations and civil society structures interested in solving security and defense tasks. In Ukraine, which seeks to become democratic, security activities have been de-ethicized, which is not the case in authoritarian countries. If earlier national security was interpreted as a state of protection of national interests, now (at the request of civil society) − as a state of protection of national interests and values. The theory and practice of creating national security of Ukraine are developing dynamically. The subject of scientific research and public discussions are methodological, institutional, public administration, social compensation aspects of national security and defense. It is a matter of practical implementation of their results with the leading participation of constitutional state structures. Key words: national security, state-building, legal framework on national security, military organization of the state, security and defense sector, civil society, security, danger.

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying and interpreting the reasons and forms of protest activity of representatives of the youth cohort in the context of the institutionalization of modern digital society and digital policy. The common and specific features of the protest activity of Russian and foreign youth in the context of the content and level of their digital culture are characterized. The attention is focused on the dominant trends in the transformation of the practices of protest behavior in online and offline formats, taking into account the restrictive measures caused by the spread of COVID-19. Methods. The work was prepared within the framework of political science discourse using modern scientific theories and concepts. The authors rely on the main provisions of the activity-activist approach (A. Giddens, V. Yadov), the concept of "traumatic changes" (P. Sztompka) and "network society" (M. Castells). At the same time, the characterization of digital transformations and innovations (society, politics, culture) is carried out in the context of the ideas of "digital counterculture" (C. Gere), domestic researchers analyzing the consumer behavior of youth in the digital environment (T. Beregovskaya, S. Grishaeva). The work uses theoretical and empirical methods for analyzing the results obtained by leading domestic and foreign research centers, as well as with the direct participation of the authors in the implementation of grant activities. Results. An attempt is made to conduct political science analysis of the modern approaches to understanding the phenomenon of youth protest activity, its dominant forms in the context of the institutionalization of digital policy and the transformation of value orientations in the new structure of "digital culture". The relationship between the protest activity of representatives of domestic and foreign youth, the practices of their destructive/constructive protest behavior using digital technologies in order to legitimize/ delegitimize the political regime is traced. Highlighted the real and potential resources of the authorities and administration, civil society institutions to minimize destructive factors that contribute to the strengthening of protest (civil, political, etc.) activity of various groups of young people in the context of the spread of the global pandemic. The results of theoretical and empirical studies that reveal the regional specifics of institutional forms of protest activity in modern Russia are interpreted. Discussion. The question of the forms and technologies of transformation of protest activity, taking into account the substantive characteristics of the digital culture of youth, its inclusion in the system for ensuring the stable and safe development of the Russian Federation, remains poorly studied. Authors' contributions. S.A. Pankratov developed the theoretical basis of the research and carried out the general scientific edition of the article. S.I. Morozov analyzed the dominant tendencies of youth protest activity. S.D. Gavrilov interpreted the results of theoretical and empirical studies characterizing the process of institutionalization of digital policy.

The purpose of the article is to identify corruption risks in the field of land relations, identify specific factors confirming the existence of a corruption component in agricultural land use to create a system of preventive measures and establish regulatory fuses, limit corruption influence on land transactions and protect human rights. Research methods. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis (to determine the sources of corruption schemes in the field of land relations); correlation analysis (to establish the relationship between corruption and land use concentration); empirical (on the study of the consequences of corruption offenses in the field of land relations) and abstract-logical (to summarize the conclusions and formulate proposals). Research results. Identification of the main sources of corruption schemes in the field of agricultural land use contributes to the development of effective methods to combat these offenses. According to research by foreign scholars, the system of preventing abuse of office and obtaining illegal benefits by officials at all levels of government is built through: overcoming the monopoly, as the exclusive right of government agencies to carry out and control land transactions; clear legislative regulation of mechanisms of purchase and sale and other transactions with agricultural land; introduction of mechanisms of publicity, transparency and information openness in the land market. Disclosure of intentions to conduct land transactions, opening of operations, dissemination of information on approved agreements will reduce the interest of corrupt officials and protect legal actions. In addition to the types of corruption in the field of agricultural land use identified by the NACP, specific factors are outlined that confirm the existence of a corruption component, including: 1) conclusion of large land agreements (concentration of land use); 2) investment flows into land assets from offshore zones; 3) discretionary powers of a single body of executive power in the field of disposal of agricultural land. The establishment of regulatory safeguards on additional to generally accepted factors of corruption will limit the corrupt impact on land transactions and protect the rights of low-income people, small landholdings and other types of socio-economic exclusion. Scientific novelty сonsists in substantiating the need to single out large land agreements (concentration of land use) as transactions with significant corruption risk, when developing mechanisms to combat corruption at the national level. Practical significance. Addendum to the draft Anti-Corruption Strategy for 2021-2025 in terms of identifying key issues in the field of land relations by developing a special mechanism for concluding large agreements (land use concentration) with mandatory verification of sources of funds, verification of information on ultimate beneficial owners and verification of corporate structure permanent monitoring of the impact of concentrated land use on the observance of the rights of the local population and preservation of the environment will become an effective preventive anti-corruption measure in the field of land relations. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 27.

Introduction. One of the key tendencies of modern international development is the growing importance of the "factor of power". In this context, the initiated long process of the potential growth of the armed forces of the countries participating in NATO, which is of particular importance in the growth of new unconventional threats (one of the triggers of the Alliance transformation including through the strengthening of national units has become a global pandemic) is important from scientific and practical points of view. Methods and materials. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the theory of building armed forces. The basic sources for the analysis are official documents of military departments, as well as materials from related information centers, which reveal the parameters of the prospective appearance of the armed forces of the countries under study. NATO's statistical and summit reports also occupy a special place. Analysis. The goal of the article is the research of the armed forces building processes in Germany and Norway for the future until the mid-2030s. These case countries can show the tendencies of military development of NATO European member states in the whole taking into account the differences between Germany and Norway in terms of the geographical location, the population as the main human resource of the armed forces, as well as the transformation of leadership and dynamics of relations between the "historical West" and the Russian Federation, which allows us to characterize the overall trends in the military and political development of European NATO member states. Results. It is proved that the growth of military potential is based on two main groups of reasons. The first is due to the strategic deterioration of relations between the West and Russia since the mid-2010s. The second is that the armed forces of the European member States of NATO have reached the "bottom" position in terms of almost all quantitative parameters. The continuing trend of decreasing numerical indicators (people and technology) threatens to reduce the role of the state on the world stage. Therefore, it is natural to see Germany's desire to become a "framework nation" in the recruitment of NATO rotation groups in Europe, as well as in the deployment of peacebuilding and peacekeeping missions outside the area of responsibility of the Alliance, which inevitably leads to a large-scale increase in the number of armed forces and the cost of their modernization. In the case of Norway the transformation of the armed forces occurs in the conditions of refusal to increase included human resources and enhance the value of the military presence of NATO partners (primarily the US) first of all in the process of reorganizing the national system of territorial defense. In both cases, there are still tendencies to transform the role of the US in Europe and to consolidate the confrontation with the Russian Federation.

Dykanka village in Poltava region is still perceived in mass culture as one of the most famous representations of a traditional Ukrainian village. But by the beginning of the XX century, as a result of the purposeful russification state policy in the Russian Empire, due to the penetration of foreign, quite often distorted elements, the local folklore tradition was significantly transformed. As a result, the Ukrainian spirit of Dikanka residents was gradually leveled off. But thanks to the purposeful activity of the intellectuals, these processes were suspended. During the times of the Russian Empire and the USSR, the role of the intellectuals in the preservation of the national cultural features of Dykanka people was silenced in scientific and popular science works. Currently, there is a significant number of publications (in particular, by Vasyl Sheiko), which, within the framework of the historical and cultural paradigm, describe in detail the role of the intellectuals in the socio-cultural transformations in the Ukrainian lands during the beginning of the XX century. In the conditions of the current situation in the cultural life of the population of Ukraine, the study of the successful historical experience of the formation and development of the national identity of the masses, taking into account the work of culturologists, is extremely relevant.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ways and results of the influence of the intellectuals on the processes of change in the socio-cultural life of Dykanka village in 1905–1917.
The methodology of the study are the principles of historicism and systematics in combination with historical-comparative and micro-historical methods.
The results. The article is devoted to the cultural analysis of information on the socio-cultural activities of the intellectuals of Dykanka village (Poltava region) during 1905–1917. The mechanisms of influence of a small but socially active group of residents on the transformation of the national identity of the local masses are shown on the basis, mainly, of newspaper publications of that time.
The conclusions. By spreading progressive enlightened Ukrainian ideas among the villagers, in particular through the distribution of literature in the Ukrainian language and the demonstration of Ukrainian-language theater performances, they were able to protect the local folklore culture from the ugly imperial invasions, in particular russification. Activities conducted by individual intellectuals (the most active was the teacher, writer and translator Oleksa Dikhtiar) prepared solid ground for the national revival of 1917–1918.
The scientific novelty: for the first time, a cultural analysis of the national educational activities of individual representatives of the intellectuals of Dykanka village (Poltava region) during 1905–1917 was realized.
The practical significance: the historical experience of the formation and development of the national identity of the masses can be used in modern socio-cultural activities.

In 2016, a provision appeared in Article 125 of the Basic Law, which stipulated that higher specialized courts may operate in accordance with the law. Filling the content of this wording in, Article 31 of the Law "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges" (2016) establishes that in the judicial system there are higher specialized courts as courts of first instance to consider certain categories of cases. This category of courts today includes the High Court of Intellectual Property and the High Anti-Corruption Court, activities of which are initiated by the relevant legislation. However, in political circles there was a discussion about the constitutionality of this court and, accordingly, the subject of the right to a constitutional petition questioned a number of provisions of the Law "On the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court" and appealed to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine to declare this law unconstitutional. In turn, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine initiated constitutional proceedings on this issue. Familiarization with the legal position of the subject of the constitutional petition indicates that the key issue of this constitutional proceeding concerns the presence of signs of a "special court" (within the meaning of Part 6 of Article 125 of the Constitution of Ukraine) in the mechanism of legislative regulation of the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court. In order to find an objective answer to the existing conflict, it is necessary to abstractly identify the main features of a "special" court. To solve such an applied problem, the author of the article turned to the theory and applied provisions of the principle of natural judgment, which was the subject of this study. As a result of the study, the author argues that by giving the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court exclusive jurisdiction over the system of general courts, the legislator has significantly deviated from the permissible limits of constitutional legality. The author singled out and grouped the key features of a special court, which included: 1) Separation of a judicial institution with a separate system of instances for consideration of certain categories of cases selected from the general array (special jurisdiction) or in respect to a separate category of persons. 2) The court, which is entrusted with special, different from other general courts, the purpose and objectives of the activity. 3) A court formed to expedite the resolution of certain categories of cases specific to a certain period; 4) A court in which judges have a special legal status (special tasks in the administration of justice; special professional qualifications (requirements, selection criteria); a special (extraordinary) procedure for the formation of the judiciary, etc. It is seen that the principle of natural judgment – is a fundamental constitutional and legal heritage of civilized humanity, which is designed to protect people, their rights and freedoms from the arbitrariness of the state, and from the use of courts as an instrument of terror and wrongful persecution.

The following was presented at the Fourth Collegium in the Humanities held at Thammasat University on January 4 and 5, 2001. The paper is intended as an introduction to Heidegger's important essay, "The Origin of the Work of Art". In the course of the paper, I discuss the following themes:Heidegger's questioning of the concept of truth in terms of Aletheia, the self disclosing and concealing of Being, as the setting for a radical revaluation of techne, (the Greek word for art, as a practical, productive knowledge (Wissen)), in which techne will now be conceived as not only a way of kno wing that stands alongside theoria, but even more, as a decisive site for the disclosure of Being. The actuality of art, its "thingly" character, will not be seen as a static object, therefore, but as energeia, activity or "being-at-work". Techne will be thought as event, an event of Being, the site for the happening of Truth (Aletheia) This culminates in Heidegger's delimitation, or definition, of art as the site or place (topos, Orter; in the German word Heidegger uses) of truth's setting-itself-to- work. This is art's "activity", its "actuality". Finally, the significance of this is.in the way it opens a new questioning of the European experience of nihilism as the "death of God", or withdrawal of gods, and the related triumph of knowledge in the form of scientific technicity, the calculative thinking of a techne that demands, challenges, provokes, and sets up Being as an object and conceives of earth , for example, as a "natural resource" to be exploited. The work of art, as the techne in which "truth (Aletheia) sets itself to work", what Heidegger might call "great art", is then to be seen as a possible way of overcoming (Verwindung) of nihilism and of questioning the essence of technology and calculative thinking. Through a questioning of the origin of the work of art, philosophical thinking will go beyond a mere "aesthetics" toward the more fundamental questioning of the "end of metaphysics". Through a return to an archaic Greek world opened in and by the temple, and through a thinking of all that is still yet to be thought, or that is still held in reserve in that experience, Heidegger seeks the possibility of a new beginning for the European, especially the Germanic, historical destiny. No doubt the revaluation of techne, not only in terms of the work of art, but in terms of the political and the founding of a nation and the opening of the destiny of a people, which is Heidegger's way of thinking the actuality of the work of techne, are all crucial and deeply related themes. But, due to limitations of time and space in this paper, both the links of thi s with Heidegger's meditations on the poetry of Holderlin, and the political dimensions of this work and Heidegger's relation to National socialism during the 1930s, are not considered.

Eighteen years ago, I started my out-patients' experience as specialist dermatologist. I worked from the very first day with National Health Insurance System. It was a chance to build a huge experience (more than 120,000 visits since then). Over time, relationships with patients have changed, influenced by many factors. To preserve good relationships we have to reflect and to use different approaches. In 2001, my stamp and my signature were enough for a consultation. The cell phone era was at the beginning. Over the years, the process has become more and more complicated. Today, if the computer, internet, different types of applications, software, other devices (printer, card reader, etc.) are not working, my knowledge becomes absolutely necessary, but not sufficient for a consultation. So, the doctor is now, totally dependent on IT issues. Besides instant information, cell phones induce a lack of intimacy. Everyone could reach you everywhere, every moment. You are almost "forced" to give advice on whatsapp, e-mail, messenger and people expect you to answer on-site, otherwise you are not "reachable". Time is the first pressure that we are feeling. Patients want and expect a consultation as soon as possible even you have appointments for the next few weeks. I try my best not to push later than 10 days, if it is a new ordinary consultation. Sometimes, it is possible for me to see the patient on-site (a child, an emergency, pregnant women, etc.). In the literature, time for appointment could vary from 7 working days in Brazil [1], to median 41 days in Canada (Ontario) [2] or median 45 days in US (Pennsylvania) [3] to a certain dramatic situation waiting list of 57 weeks in a unit in UK [4]. The number of consultations tends to increase. It is not only a perception, but a reality, revealed also by a French study (21% increase from 2000 to 2010) [5]. Time is also a burden for the doctor, because the real time for consultation has dramatically reduced in favor of bureaucratic issues. Official papers seem to be more important than people. It is a constant effort to remain emphatic and to really listen to patient's history. The stories that we are ignoring for lacking time could give us important clues for diagnosis, approach, could enforce the relationship and give trust, could relief the worries. "You are the 5th dermatologist I am seeing"- a young woman told me the other day. I looked at her: she was around 20, some pimples on her jaw (not too many) and some tiny scars on her forehead covered by a lot of makeup. Not quite a good start for a relationship. Her expectations were not fulfilled by visiting the other doctors. Maybe the expectations were not realistic, maybe she was fed up trying different things. "How can I propose something new or miraculous when she tried probably "everything"? - I asked myself. I spent at least half an hour discussing about acne, therapeutic options and adjusting the expectations to our limits. It was more a counseling session than a dermatologic consultation. Today, patients are coming in our office very informed. They "know" the diagnosis and sometimes even the treatment they want or need. After "Dr. Google" you can be a second opinion. Dermatology is underestimated even by other physicians that feel competent enough to prescribe medication inducing iatrogenesis [6]. So, what to expect from patients? It is a good thing to have an informed patient. It will save you a lot of time and energy in expanded explanations. But, there is also a lot of incorrect or 1 Dali Medical, Bucharest, Romania 118 misunderstood information, prejudices from other's experience shared on forums, incorrect auto-diagnosis or even incorrect auto-medication. It is our duty to listen and to correct, as much as we can. Patients have to be taught how to choose important information from the constant "soup of news feed". The flux of information is huge, also for doctors as for patients. Thousands of opinions, articles, and new approaches invade our space daily. A good selection criteria for useful, relevant data is absolutely necessary. A "happy" patient seems to be the one with a certain diagnosis, with clear treatment plan, including explaining side effects and with a contact number in case of recurrence [7]. The access of any information being so instant, patients expect a rapid response of the treatment. The result has to be now and definitive. The pressure of quick response is not very subtle, the doctor feeling it as a burden. It takes time to explain and to understand the progression of chronic illnesses. Sometimes, the expectations are to get well with any treatment, eventually without any changes of their life style, even when doctor explains that some habits could aggravate or maintain the lesions. Taking responsibility for some adjustments is an important part to discuss with patient, as part of therapeutic approach. Paternal, omniscient doctor's image is no longer in actuality and patient is an important part of the relationship. Instead of an "infantile" patient, coming for any transitory rash or any mosquito bite, it is better to "grow" him/her as a self-confident "partner". The new and healthy bond has to transform patient from the passive, sometimes passive-aggressive role, into an assumed, informed, pro-active one. Cooperation is the key of healthy relation. Patient has the right to ask for explanations, to discuss therapeutic options, to refuse treatments. Patients have opinions that have to be respected and sometimes corrected if they are distorted. On the way to get therapeutic alliance and long-term cooperation, the doctor-patient relationship has to be personalized, giving value to it. This kind of relationship will make the difference in the end and even the direction is to involve more high tech and robots. Face-to-face relationship will not be replaced by anything and it will be highly appreciated after the "speed" condition passes. More social skills are often required, doctors not being known as the best communicators. Sometimes, doctors are not aware of patients' perception regarding communication [8]. I have got my social skills working day by day, no special courses were made during faculty, unfortunately. "We need fewer memorizers and more thinkers and communicators in modern medicine" is the most recent conclusion of Canadian Debate Series regarding medical students' selection [9]. Another pressure point is the constant fear of errors. With all the efforts of protocols for reducing the risk of mistakes or misconducts, unfortunately there are lots of gaps and debates. The fear of error and malpraxis leads to excess of medication and investigations, sometimes too expensive and useless. Doctors should not be scared by the abundance of products, instruments, techniques, aggressively promoted. They have to be more flexible, more intuitive and more eager to try, making personal experience and not taking results for granted. Many of these products will not pass the test of time, even they are presented as "miraculous". Sometimes, patients' needs are the trigger for experimenting new methods and push us to progress faster. Not only patients are in a rush, doctors too. The race for EMC points is making the doctor more informed, but we have to be careful not to become too superficial. Even a doctor is getting a diploma after a "3 days course", it doesn't mean that he/she will be an expert in that field, not even competent. It will take a lot of time and energy to really get the expertise, that course being only the very first step on the road. The "diplomas wall", real or virtual is a false goal. In the end, the real skills are more important than a sublime image and it will take time to get them. Sometimes, vanity makes the teamwork harder. This will be unproductive for both doctors and patients. It is not a shame to refer the patient to an expert on a field when you feel that you have reached a limit. People are hardly trying to change our state from patient to client, that new status being debatable. Being a client means to take some responsibilities as in a contract. That is the good part. But, fortunately, remaining a doctor means more than providing services. Practicing medicine is a state of knowledge, art, experience, intuition, with magic touches sometimes. Fortunately, with all the changes during the last years, dermatologists seem to remain satisfied with their specialty. A recent Mexican study shows that 93% of dermatologists (with an average of 16 years of practice) were happy with their professional life, more than 98% choosing it once again [10]. Maintaining certain levels of professional and personal happiness, keeping informed and open-minded, avoiding burn-out, trying to fulfill patients' expectations, doctors are not in a battle, but in strong alliance with patients.

The purpose of this article is to comprehend the feast of the Intercession of the Theotokos, based on an axiological approach to the study of cultural phenomena.
The methodology. The research is based on an axiological approach in the context of a secular cultural science. The axiological comprehension of texts is organically combined with elements of semiotic analysis and the phenomenology of the sacred.
The results. The role of values in the formation of the Mariological cult in the content of the feast in question has been studied. It is based on the idea of patronage in its global and multifunctional aspects. It has been established that the key importance is attached to the ethical values of love and mercy in their sacred expression. The aim of axiology is demonstrated to form in the minds of people a view of the Mother of God as a solid life support and a guarantor of genuine human welfare. The essential context for understanding the feast of the Interces-sion is the requirement for the implementation of a person's spiritual transformation. The Mariological image is positioned as an unconditional spiritual standard that determines the indicated transformation in the aspects of liberation from carnal dependence and the achievement of spiritual purity in its sacred sense. The value-orienting and regulatory functions of this feast, as well as the relationship between the informative and performance functions of Mariological apologetics, are highlighted. At the same time, it is emphasized that the meaning of the eorthological text is not limited to the development of information about the sacred. Through endowing the sacred image with special aesthetic effects, the text seeks to encourage the reader to carry out a spiritual transformation in relation to the Christian ideal. The semiotic effect of the majesty and glory of the Mother of God forms the corresponding effect of the figure of the righteous man and, at the same time, the cultural space of the Christian tradition with the Mariological cult.
The scientific novelty. The proposal substantiates an axiological approach to the study of the feast of the Intercession in the secular culturological paradigm. This approach is closely linked with the analysis of the semiotic effects of the constitution of the sacred image of the majesty of the Mother of God as an object of worship. The undertaken methodology makes it possible to pay attention to the efficiency of using the undertaken approach in the system of culturological eortology, the subject of which is a comprehensive study of holidays, including religious ones.
The practical significance. The results of this publication can be used in reading religious studies, cultural studies and theological disciplines, as well as in the practice of forming a humanistic culture in relation to the Orthodox tradition.

The purpose of the article is to study the problem of Chinese opera culture on the example of the genre palette. The methodology is to use the historical method in the study of this topic. It is thanks to this method that genre genres of Chinese opera are revealed in the work. Information on roles and make-up is provided, based on the historical method. The scientific novelty of the article is to study the feasibility of the issue of Chinese opera culture, drawing on the country's musical traditions. The historical names of the philosophers who influenced the development of the musical arts and education system, which affected the cultural traditions of China, were highlighted. The scientific novelty of the article is the study and study of Chinese opera culture on the example of the genre palette. Based on the country's musical traditions, we single out important factors of opera genres, including Tibetan opera, Shaoxing, Sichuan, Henan, Guangdong, etc. Conclusions are based on the study of the problem of Chinese opera culture on the example of the genre palette, revealed the original culture of the country, its worldview system. The problem of the genre palette of Chinese opera culture has interested many scholars, among which we single out scientific works: L.S. Vasiliev, Hou Jiang, U Gen-Ir, and others. This question highlighted the philosophical trends that underpin China's traditions. The problem of studying the worldview system of ancient China as the basis for the emergence of the musical tradition has interested many scholars because it influenced the cultural life of the countries of the East. Based on the study of the problem of opera culture, they discovered the original art of China. Philosophical views influenced both theatrical life and the country's musical art. Special attention was paid to the issue of education, in particular aesthetics, in China. Music education has played an important role in China's culture. Confucius emphasizes the comprehensive development of humans while emphasizing the morality of the individual. The opera culture of the country is peculiar. Musical load played a big role. The Chinese worldview is based on a vision of nature as a living organism. The first sprouts of musical and theatrical art emerge. XII-XIII centuries marked the birth of Chinese opera. The Chinese theater was in full understanding of the people. The article highlights the types of opera genres. The musical side of classical theater is characterized by an unbroken unity of sound, words, and dance. The circle of images, moods, techniques of acting is characterized by a certain type of melody, rhythm, composition of the orchestra. The study of this issue regarding the opera culture of China is interesting and not fully understood, which necessitates further development in the study of this issue.