Unstable marketys of today pose challenges to the ways of value creation and competitiveness,"Co-creation involves both profound democratization and decentralization of value creation, moving it from centralization inside the firm to interactions with its customers, customer communities, suppliers, partners and emploees, and interactions among individuals"(Ramaswamy, Gouillart, 2010, p. 29). [.]
Unstable marketys of today pose challenges to the ways of value creation and competitiveness,"Co-creation involves both profound democratization and decentralization of value creation, moving it from centralization inside the firm to interactions with its customers, customer communities, suppliers, partners and emploees, and interactions among individuals"(Ramaswamy, Gouillart, 2010, p. 29). [.]
Unstable marketys of today pose challenges to the ways of value creation and competitiveness,"Co-creation involves both profound democratization and decentralization of value creation, moving it from centralization inside the firm to interactions with its customers, customer communities, suppliers, partners and emploees, and interactions among individuals"(Ramaswamy, Gouillart, 2010, p. 29). [.]
Unstable marketys of today pose challenges to the ways of value creation and competitiveness,"Co-creation involves both profound democratization and decentralization of value creation, moving it from centralization inside the firm to interactions with its customers, customer communities, suppliers, partners and emploees, and interactions among individuals"(Ramaswamy, Gouillart, 2010, p. 29). [.]
Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.
Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.
Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.
Agricultural co-operation creates opportunities to strengthen their market position, the movement to a higher chain of added value, take the advantage of the common agricultural policy support measures. Development of co-operation in Lithuania is not sufficient enough. One way to improve the situation in this area is to support establishment of producer groups. The aim of the study – according to the analysis of the neighbouring countries (Latvia and Poland) experience in the development of farmers and producer groups in organizing their activities, identify the best examples of successful opportunities. Economic literature and legal documentation on agricultural production regulation and farmers' cooperated activity was analyzed. In addition, the study also included the semi-standardized interviews with the fruit and vegetable producer groups, managers and consultants. It was found that farmers in Poland and Latvia are more active in binding to the producer groups than in Lithuania, they better use the advantages of EU and national support.
Recently growing number of vehicles increases the amount of emitted pollutants into the atmosphere. This fact rushes the governments to tighten requirements for the ICE exhaust emissions. Some of the most harmful elements in the exhaust gases are nitrogen oxides NOX, which interact in the atmosphere and compose acidic compounds. However, presence of water in the combustion process reduces the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gases. ICE fueled by water and fuel emulsions produces less NOX in the exhaust gases, but it adversely affects the fuel supply system. This study examined the effect of water on ICE diesel exhaust emissions. In order to avoid possible negative effects on fuel supply system and to simplify dosing, water is infused into the engine inlet tract in the form of vapor. Investigations were carried the engine operating without water vapor and with the introduction of water vapor into the engine inlet tract in three different concentrations. The research revealed that basic fuel consumption was 12 % higher in the average load area and 5% lower at the maximum load area. CO concentration was found to be up to 8 % higher, moreover total concentration of NOX was revealed to be 26 % lower in the exhaust gases entering the maximum 13,0 g/min of water vapor in the average load area.
Recently growing number of vehicles increases the amount of emitted pollutants into the atmosphere. This fact rushes the governments to tighten requirements for the ICE exhaust emissions. Some of the most harmful elements in the exhaust gases are nitrogen oxides NOX, which interact in the atmosphere and compose acidic compounds. However, presence of water in the combustion process reduces the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gases. ICE fueled by water and fuel emulsions produces less NOX in the exhaust gases, but it adversely affects the fuel supply system. This study examined the effect of water on ICE diesel exhaust emissions. In order to avoid possible negative effects on fuel supply system and to simplify dosing, water is infused into the engine inlet tract in the form of vapor. Investigations were carried the engine operating without water vapor and with the introduction of water vapor into the engine inlet tract in three different concentrations. The research revealed that basic fuel consumption was 12 % higher in the average load area and 5% lower at the maximum load area. CO concentration was found to be up to 8 % higher, moreover total concentration of NOX was revealed to be 26 % lower in the exhaust gases entering the maximum 13,0 g/min of water vapor in the average load area.
The aim of the article is identify peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to identify and compare peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements according to the gender and identify and to compare peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements according to their excellence. During the research we have raised the hypotheses: 1) higher excellence badminton players have higher self-confidence and a higher level of motivation for achievements; 2) male badminton players have higher self-confidence and a higher level of motivation for achievement than female players. The questionnaire of Achievement Motivation Inventories was employed. 94 badminton players participated in the research. It was found that men's motivation to avoid failures was higher (p<0.001) than women's; it was also found that men badminton players had a higher level (p<0.05) of motivation for achievement than women. It was found that higher excellence badminton players had a higher level of motivation for achievements (p < 0.05) than badminton players of lesser excellence in performance.
The aim of the article is identify peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives have been set: to identify and compare peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements according to the gender and identify and to compare peculiarities of badminton players' motivation for achievements according to their excellence. During the research we have raised the hypotheses: 1) higher excellence badminton players have higher self-confidence and a higher level of motivation for achievements; 2) male badminton players have higher self-confidence and a higher level of motivation for achievement than female players. The questionnaire of Achievement Motivation Inventories was employed. 94 badminton players participated in the research. It was found that men's motivation to avoid failures was higher (p<0.001) than women's; it was also found that men badminton players had a higher level (p<0.05) of motivation for achievement than women. It was found that higher excellence badminton players had a higher level of motivation for achievements (p < 0.05) than badminton players of lesser excellence in performance.
This article analyses the problems of defining the concept of domestic violence in Lithuania from the perspective of international law, focusing on the problem of delimitation of domestic violence and gender-based violence against women. The article provides an analysis of the concept of domestic violence under international legal documents (UN and CoE Conventions), and in relevant Case Law and the Lithuanian national legislation: i.e. the recently adopted Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence, which entered into force on 15 December 2011. The paper provides an assessment of the national law in consideration of international law. The author considers whether the law could and should be completely gender-neutral (the model chosen now in Lithuania). In addition, the need to consider the perpetrator's rights (property interests, presumption of innocence, and victim's opposition to criminal sanction) is analysed in the context of the relevant international human rights cases.
This article analyses the problems of defining the concept of domestic violence in Lithuania from the perspective of international law, focusing on the problem of delimitation of domestic violence and gender-based violence against women. The article provides an analysis of the concept of domestic violence under international legal documents (UN and CoE Conventions), and in relevant Case Law and the Lithuanian national legislation: i.e. the recently adopted Law on Protection Against Domestic Violence, which entered into force on 15 December 2011. The paper provides an assessment of the national law in consideration of international law. The author considers whether the law could and should be completely gender-neutral (the model chosen now in Lithuania). In addition, the need to consider the perpetrator's rights (property interests, presumption of innocence, and victim's opposition to criminal sanction) is analysed in the context of the relevant international human rights cases.
The aim of the article is to investigate digital divide between regions (counties) of the Republic of Lithuania. The main problem solving in this article is digital divide which exists between regions of the Republic of Lithuania. Therefore it is important to measure digital divide in different regions by creating an index and ranking regions of the Republic of Lithuania according it. It is analyzed conception of digital divide, created rank of digital divide in regions of the Republic of Lithuania and found a relation between regional policy and reduction of digital divide. Digital divide is defined as a gap, which exists between those, who have access to information, ICT and its devices and those, who have not. Regional statistics about information technologies of 10 regions (counties) of the Republic Lithuania were used from Lithuanian Statistics Government. Amount of digital divide in regions of the Republic of Lithuania was found after analysis of 8 variables and calculation of index. The biggest difference is apparent between county of Vilnius and county of Tauragė. The supreme progress is observed in counties, which centres are the biggest Lithuanian cities (Vilnius, Klaipėda, and Kaunas). County of Panevėžys also has a positive index. Index of other six counties is negative. The importance of rank of digital divide in the regions of the Republic of Lithuania in forming regional policy in the area of ICT development is shown in the article.
