Suchergebnisse

Actuality. Management as a phenomenon of culture and an exclusively unique object of scientific knowledge occupies a special place in the life of society. As historical development of mankind is complicated as organizational structures, as well as the culture of management and a set of theories that describe them. However, modern science does not take into account that radical changes in organizational reality occur not continuously, but during the bifurcation of civilization. A specific culture that arose precisely in such conditions is mechanistic management, the study of which is devoted to this article. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the culture of mechanistic management, the identification of the basic determinants of the genesis of this management culture and the formation of the main directions of its development in conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, civilization, historical approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, and the fundamental provisions of the theory of management. Results. The objective preconditions of the formation of a culture of mechanistic management are determined: European science and mechanism arising from the Newtonian picture of the world – the presentation of organizational reality as a machine, as well as atomism, rationalism and social Darwinism as a "natural law" about inter-species struggle; Protestant ethics as a justification of profit; political economy, which introduced the economy in the form of a machine operating under the laws of Newtonian mechanics; great scientific and technical discoveries, demanding new forms of organization of production. The essence of the article is given, comparative characteristics are given and prospects of further application of the main directions of culture of mechanistic management: scientific organization of labor and management are outlined; administrative management; the ...

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

The article considers the classification of legal culture by species, depending on the subjects, its carriers on social, group and individual, certain levels (ordinary (everyday), professional, scientific and theoretical) defines its functions, which are the basis for the specialist to perform basic and ongoing activities, that is, professional responsibilities. The functions are: legal support for the process of becoming a new statehood, development and transformation of legal reality (cognitive-transformative), value-normative, legal-educational, communicative. It is proved that the function of legal support of the process of becoming a new statehood is ensured in various ways, in particular, the formation of legal knowledge, beliefs, habits, etc., that ensure their legitimate, socially active behavior in the legal sphere. It is important to develop the skills of legal activity of citizens and society as a whole, to reform the entire legal system. The cognitive-transformative function of the legal culture of a society is connected with the task of building a rule of law, which involves those crisis processes that take place in the economy, politics and society. The value and normative function of the legal culture of a society is aimed at ensuring the stable, harmonious, dynamic and effective functioning of all elements of the legal system. This function of legal culture is realized by means of the norms of law, which are needed by every citizen for their successful adaptation within the state. The value-normative function of the legal culture of society encompasses a variety of phenomena and facts that are reflected in human actions, social institutions, etc. Educational function of the legal culture of society is expressed in the development of legal qualities of the individual. The transformation of legal prescriptions, norms of law into habit, into a natural regulator of the citizen's activity presupposes that they have been mastered by a person and have become his inner conviction. An important place among the functions is the communicative function. With the help of the institutes of society's legal culture, political and legal interconnection between the state and the individual, between all elements of political, legal systems, nations, social groups is carried out. Thanks to the mechanism of action of this function, the continuity in the development of the legal culture throughout the development of our society is carried out. These functions are interconnected and interdependent, complementing and enriching each other. They reproduce the real process of legal culture functioning. It has been established that the problem of the separation of the legal culture functions continues to be relevant and requires new research to be carried out in the context of analyzing the systemic links between the legal culture of both – society and the individual. Without analyzing the functional role of legal culture, it is impossible to understand its content and the patterns of development. ; У статті на основі класифікації правової культури на види залежно від суб'єктів, на суспільну, групову та індивідуальну, рівнів (звичайний (буденний), професійний, науково-теоретичний) визначено її функцій, які є фундаментом для виконання фахівцем своїх основних і постійних видів діяльності, тобто професійних обов'язків. Установлено, що проблема виокремлення функцій правової культури залишається актуальною і вимагає нових досліджень, у контексті аналізу системних зв'язків правової культури як суспільства, так і особистості.

Actuality. The technological revolution, the technology rapid development, increasing dynamism and uncertainty, a shift in societal attitudes make organizations to implement many different imperatorin. However, these transformations are not replacing hierarchical structures that accompany the organization throughout their existence. Contrary to forecasts of many scientists, about the inevitable demise of hierarchies in the new society, these structures will not disappear and successfully continue their existence. The question arises, why? Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is the disclosure hierarchy as a phenomenon of organizational culture and investigate their long-term use of society. Methodological basis of research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic, historical, and cultural approaches to the study of organizational phenomena, the fundamental principles of systems theory and systems analysis, organization theory, management, psychology, sociology, and cultural studies. Results. The essence of hierarchy as cultural phenomenon and the basis of the control system. The paper discusses peculiarities of its construction at different stages of human development. It is established that the hierarchy is a contradictory unity of the various opposites (order and chaos, rational and humane, formal and informal, vertical and horizontal, rigid and flexible, authoritarian and democratic, elitist and egalitarian, etc.), mutual fight which is a source of continuous change and development of hierarchical systems, but can not be the end of their existence. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the study results is to deepen the understanding of the hierarchies as a phenomenon of organizational culture, uncovering the causes, trends and patterns of their long-term use in the context of evolutionary development of mankind. Practical significance of the obtained results is in the possibility of their use in the organizational activities of the society and in addition management ...

Problem setting. The formation of the rule of law state and civil society in Ukraine is largely conditioned by the state of political culture, which emerges as an important component of the sociocultural image of the nation and at the same time as a structural element of the political system of the state, which determines the nature of the interaction between the state and citizens, the state and institutions of democracy. Recent research and publications analysis. The study of political culture belongs to the sphere of scientific interests of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. Problems of studying political culture were addressed by such Ukrainian scientists as V. Bebyk, M. Golovaty, L. Gorodenko, M. Dmytrenko, L. Nagorna, V Rebkalo, N. Repina, O. Rudakevich, O. Stehnii, M. Trebin, B. Tsymbalistyi and others. Important contributions to the theoretical development ofpolitical culture ideas have also been made by foreign scholars, including G. Almond, R. Jackman, L. Dittmer, R. Ellis, D. Fuchs, R. Lane, J. Lorenz, I. Lustick, S. Maerz, R. Miller, W. Mishler, M. Neumann, L. Pye, W. Rosenbaum, C. Schneider, R. Tucker, S. Verba, et al. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to study the nature and structure of political culture, to consider the features of its typology. Paper main body. The concept of «political culture» as a subjective dimension of politics was introduced in to scientific circulation only in the XVIII century by German philosopher J. Herder and until the middle of the twentieth century it was view edrather at the level of world-view universalism ratherthaninits specific form sandmanifestations. Through the efforts of G. Almond, S. Verba, L. Pye, D. Kavanagh, and other researchers, the theoretical foundations for considering political culture were developed. In the future, three major theoretical and methodological approaches to defining the essence ofpolitical culture have emerged in political science. The first of these, including the time of its appearance, is an orientation approach that, ...

The imperial strategies and discourses of domination in modern Ukrainian culture, their manifestations in the Ukrainian literature on the basis of post-colonial and cultural-anthropological methodologies are analyzed. Integration and consolidation of Ukrainian national culture is an important state-building and globalization process. The very state of postcoloniality of contemporary Ukrainian culture demands new integrated philosophical studies of Ukrainian studies, including the emancipatory, decolonial socio-therapeutic goal. The questions of imperial strategies of domination, postcolonial discourse and globalization were covered in his writings by G. Grabovich, T. Gundorov, N. Zborovsk, M. Pavlyshyn, O. Titar, E. Thomson, O. Yurchuk. It is argued that the proliferation of an anti-colonial narrative is a definite step in overcoming the colonial heritage, but much more effective in overcoming colonialism is through democratization and the simultaneous spread of different types of discourses - postcolonial, decolonial, postimperial, anti-colonial, multicultural. Modern Ukrainian culture demonstrates both anti-colonial and post-colonial discourses. Socio-political and socio-cultural events of the last time especially actualize anti-colonial discourses, which is due to awareness of Ukraine as a former colony. At the same time, post-colonial discourses also demonstrate not only global but also national Ukrainian specifics. We see that colonialism in Ukraine, and, accordingly, the imperial resentment of the former metropolis with respect to Ukrainian lands, is not only a historical phenomenon, but a condition that determines and generates new conflicts up to an armed confrontation. In general, the texts of Ukrainian contemporary literature in view of the state of postcolonialism are classified into two types: 1) the type that focuses on the deconstruction of the imperial (postmodern post-colonialism), 2) the type that restores the Ukrainian national mythology (nationally oriented post-colonialism). The traces of the imperial are analyzed in the useful sense of the national-centered construction, and in the negative, when under the postmodern mask the cultural field of the Empire-Colony relations is restored. It is concluded that national Ukrainian culture will develop effectively only if the main imperial strategies are deconstructed and the main imperial myths are debunked.

The interest for production of energy crops, which biomass may be used as renewable fuel have been grown in 70 years of last century after dramatically rising price of fossil fuels. The energy crops growing have been also stimulated by environmental factors and approval some International political initiatives, like White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan and The Kyoto protocol. After some decreasing, the area of energy crops in EU and North America countries are stabilized. In Ukraine in the last few years there is a gradual increase of part of energy consumption of biopropellant from 1.3 % in 2008 to 3.4% in 2018 in the general energy consumption of country. As the most widespread energy cultures biomass of that is used as a biopropellant come forward willow, saccharine sorghum and miscanthus. However, the last years industrial plantations of power direction appeared the paulownias taken under growing. This arboreal culture is mainly presented by the artificially shown out hybrid of Paulownia Clone in of Vitro 112®. Paulownia it quickly grows tree that for today occupies the first places for speeds of increase bio the masses, the not demanding to the agrotechnics growing proof to illnesses and wreckers is suitable for recultivation of exhausted and useless for the conduct of traditional agriculture of soils. It is characterized a softwood that successfully can be used also in furniture industry, green mass has high maintenance of albumen confronted with leguminous cultures. Bio mass of paulownia is suitable for the production of bioethanol (it is possible to get a to 0.5 ton of ethanol from a 1 ton of dry wood) and fuel preforms and пелет (power value 4211.1 kkal/kg). Next to that, a paulownia is a melliferous culture from honey the productivity 700 kg/hectare of ecological honey, as during growing does not require chemical treatments. A paulownia can be useful to 20–50 years. After each the offcutss, that is conducted at any time year with an interval in 4–8, a tree grows. At the proper supervision in 7 it is possible to get a 240–350 m³ of quality wood from 1 hectare. Taking into account the features of growing and power descriptions bio the masses of paulownia her growing will be rational with the aim of receipt of high-energy bio mass and commercial timber, and also as a melliferous culture. ; Інтерес до вирощування енергетичних культур, біомаса яких може бути використана як відновлюване паливо, в європейських країнах виник в 70-і роки минулого сторіччя, що було пов'язано з ростом цін на традиційні енергоносії. Ріст площ, відведених під енергетичні культури, стимулювався політичними рішеннями на міжнародному рівні, а саме такими документами, як План розвитку відновлювальної енергетики в Європі та Кіотський протокол. Після певного спаду площі насаджень енергетичних культур в країнах ЄС і Північної Америки стабілізувались. В Україні за останні роки спостерігається поступове збільшення частки енергоспоживання біопалива від 1,3 % у 2008 році до 3,4 % у 2018 році в загальному енергоспоживанні країни. Найбільш поширеними енергетичними культурами, біомаса яких використовується як біопаливо, виступають верба, цукрове сорго та міскантус. Проте останніми роками з'явились промислові плантації енергетичного напряму, відведені під вирощування павловнії. Дана деревна культура в основному представлена штучно виведеним гібридом Paulownia Clone in Vitro 112®. Павловнія – це швидкоростуче дерево, яке на сьогодні займає перші місця за швидкістю нарощування біомаси, не вимогливе до агротехніки вирощування, стійке до хвороб та шкідників, придатне для рекультивації виснажених та непридатних для ведення традиційного сільського господарства ґрунтів. Характеризується м'якою деревиною, яку успішно можна використовувати також в мебельній промисловості, зелена маса має високий вміст білка. Біомаса павловнії придатна для виробництва біоетанолу (можна отримати з 1 тонни сухої деревини до 0,5 тонни етанолу) та паливних брикетів і пелет (енергетична цінність 4211,1 ккал/кг). Поряд з тим, павлонія є медоносною культурою з медопродуктивністю 700 кг/га екологічного меду, оскільки під час вирощування не вимагає хімічних обробок. Павловнія може бути корисною до 20–50 років. Після кожної обрізки, яку проводять у будь-яку пору року з інтервалом у 4–8 років, дерево відростає. При належному догляді через 7 років можна отримати 240–350 м³ якісної деревини з 1 га. Враховуючи особливості вирощування та енергетичні характеристики біомаси павловнії буде раціональним її вирощування з метою отримання високоенергетичної біомаси та мебельної деревини, а також як медоносної культури.

Article gives a review of studies devoted to the political culture of Ukraine. Author presents main theoretical and methodological principles of political culture research, describes its structure and main typologies of key structural elements. The diachronic analysis of political culture in Ukraine was performed on the basis of several Ukrainian and international sociological surveys. Political culture of Ukraine is presented in a comparative perspective with other European countries.The diachronic analysis of the political culture of Ukraine demonstrated that parameters described by a pioneering research in 1991 stayed practically unchanged during the next two decades. The comparison with other European countries reveals that according to the measures of the main structural components of political culture Ukraine holds the last place out of 26 countries. One may conclude that Ukraine demonstrates a fi rmly low level of political culture.The only shortly lasting exception was the period of 2004–2005 (Orange revolution), when due to the active political mobilization and protest activities, a temporary positive dynamic in all basic elements of political culture of Ukraine became visible. But even at this short period of time Ukraine did not reach to the mean level of European parameters of political culture. As our research demonstrated, in 2013 at the background of further deterioration of all parameters of political culture in Ukraine, we observe a rise of protest moods and readiness of Ukrainian citizens to fi ght for their rights in all possible forms. Which can be described as a fi xation of prerevolutionary situation, which exploded a few months later. Keywords: political culture, element of political culture, classifi cation. ; Наведено огляд основних досліджень особливостей політичної культури в Україні. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади дослідження політичної культури, розкрито її зміст і здійснено типологію основних складових політичної культури. З використанням матеріалів українських та міжнародних соціологічних досліджень проведено діахронний аналіз політичної культури українського соціуму. Виконано порівняльний аналіз проявів політичної культури в Україні та в інших європейських країнах. Ключові слова: політична культура, складові політичної культури, класифікація.

Article gives a review of studies devoted to the political culture of Ukraine. Author presents main theoretical and methodological principles of political culture research, describes its structure and main typologies of key structural elements. The diachronic analysis of political culture in Ukraine was performed on the basis of several Ukrainian and international sociological surveys. Political culture of Ukraine is presented in a comparative perspective with other European countries.The diachronic analysis of the political culture of Ukraine demonstrated that parameters described by a pioneering research in 1991 stayed practically unchanged during the next two decades. The comparison with other European countries reveals that according to the measures of the main structural components of political culture Ukraine holds the last place out of 26 countries. One may conclude that Ukraine demonstrates a fi rmly low level of political culture.The only shortly lasting exception was the period of 2004-2005 (Orange revolution), when due to the active political mobilization and protest activities, a temporary positive dynamic in all basic elements of political culture of Ukraine became visible. But even at this short period of time Ukraine did not reach to the mean level of European parameters of political culture. As our research demonstrated, in 2013 at the background of furtherdeterioration of all parameters of political culture in Ukraine, we observe a rise of protest moods and readiness of Ukrainian citizens to fi ght for their rights in all possible forms. Which can be described as a fi xation of prerevolutionary situation, which exploded a few months later. Keywords: political culture, element of political culture, classifi cation. ; У статті наведено огляд основних досліджень особливостей політичної культури в Україні. Обґрунтовано теоретико-методологічні засади дослідження політичної культури, розкрито її зміст і здійснено типологію основних складових політичної культури. З використанням матеріалів українських та міжнародних соціологічних досліджень проведено діахронний аналіз політичної культури українського соціуму. Виконано порівняльний аналіз проявів політичної культури в Україні та в інших європейських країнах. Ключові слова: політична культура, складові політичної культури, класифікація.

The article raises the issue of the importance of preserving and increasing the national cultural traditions of Ukrainians, without which one cannot hope for development in the civilization process, because based on cultural and spiritual priorities, a full-fledged sociocultural environment with values is forming. The article considers the essence of national culture as a sphere of spiritual and material possessions that influence the communicative organization of people with specific values and norms of behavior.
The role of national culture as a potent factor in the deconfliction of Ukrainians in Ukraine and abroad is underlining. It is known that Ukrainian culture has been leveled for a long time, subjected to censorship bans and ideological pressure, especially during the Soviet period. Our culture has gone through a period of destruction, but now it is a time for national and cultural revival, opportunities for free choice and self-realization of the artist, time for renaissance and development of the ethnocultural heritage of Ukrainians, which is one of the priorities of national revival and preservation. The Ukrainian nation is modernizing, actively creating its cultural space despite the slowdown of the outdated administrative system, economic instability, hybrid warfare, and manifestations of military aggression by Russia.
The article examines the peculiarities of the creation of the cultural space of Ukrainians in modern conditions, taking into account the challenges of the globalized world and the threats of the "Russian world". Thanks to the state support and implementation of humanitarian policy programs, the consolidation of Ukrainian societies, and the unification of citizens of Ukraine and Ukrainians in the world around national values and priorities. The core of the unity of Ukrainians is the national idea, the preservation of self-identity, patriotism, and the establishment of the ukrainian nation in the modern world. The emphasis is determined on the fact that national culture has a great potential in establishing Ukraine in the world cultural space and is a consolidating factor in the political unity of society, especially in the current conditions of hybrid warfare and the struggle of Ukrainians against Russian aggression.

Actuality. At the present stage of social development in the conditions of reforming the economic and political system, transformation and modernization of all spheres of modern life, special requirements for management in the field of culture are created. The specificity of the current state of development of the national cultural-artistic complex actualizes the problem of the correlation of two basic trends: on the one hand, the preservation of traditional methods of managing cultural objects created by decades, on the other hand, the search for a new innovative management system and the development of the basic network of culture, which determines the relevance of the research. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the paper is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of the management system of the cultural and artistic sphere. In the study, we used the empirical and systematic approaches according to which the processes of management in the field of culture, which are being used today, are analyzed in the interconnection and development. Methods of analysis and synthesis are also used. Results. The main results of the study are to identify the peculiarities and specifics of the formation of a management system of the domestic network of cultural institutions. The emphasis is placed on the use of strategically oriented and innovative mechanisms of management of the cultural and artistic complex. Conclusions and discussion. The scientific novelty of the findings is to highlight the specific characteristics of the domestic system of management in the cultural sector in accordance with the current conditions of a market economy, which are the main strategic vectors of the industry's development. The formed scientific and applied provisions concerning the formation of an effective system of management of the cultural field can be applied by state authorities and local self-government in the process of formation on the basic principles of cultural policy.

This study is relevant to global discussions concerning freedom of research in view of transformations in science effectiveness evaluation, funding and research organization, as well as Ukrainian context of educational reform. Main objectives of the article are to study international legal standard of personal autonomy in scientific life and academic culture, the role of personal autonomy in Ukraine's global scientific and technical cooperation development. Methods of analysis and synthesis are used to study legal relations and normative guarantees of personal autonomy in academic culture and scientific cooperation. Comparison method is used to identify common and distinct problems in the development of scholars' personal autonomy in Ukraine and in the world. In conclusion, international legal standards of personal autonomy in academic culture and scientific cooperation prescribe imperative of individual and institutional independence and responsibility in the search and transfer of knowledge, demands respect for the freedom of scientific research, academic communication, and expression of views. This standard is connected with human dignity, the goal of education to develop human abilities to control own life, to be a successful and happy citizen in a democratic information society. Self-organization of scientists helps to overcome threats to personal autonomy, such as academic dishonesty, monopolism, paternalism, formalism, and bureaucracy. New Ukrainian law on education creates instruments for combating academic dishonesty and allows initiatives for science and education improvement, although administrative regulations still impose controversial standards of scientific quality, for example, the requirement of publications in periodicals indexed by scientometric databases Scopus or Web of Science to confer academic rank. Ukrainian academic culture needs modernization to raise the scientific research and create the basis of a competitive innovative economy. It is necessary to develop the Ukrainian ...

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal culture of subjects of parliamentary procedures. The interpretation of the term and the legal features of this legal phenomenon are studied. It is summarized that the legal culture of subjects of parliamentary procedures is defined as the degree of legal development of the subject, the nature of his legal practice, the level of knowledqe of legal norms and objective assessment, prediction of the further development of society and state, the form of participation in the transformation of the legal reality, the level of legal activity, mastering the culture of legal thinking.The legal culture of subjects of parliamentary procedures can be manifested in such activities as:- participation in the reformation of the organization and activities of state authorities and local self-government; reforming the organization of elections to representative bodies by applying one or another type of electoral system;- increasing the role of civil society institutions in lawmaking, implementing the constitutional status of the parliament as the sole legislative authority, strengthening in accordance with the principle of the dis- tribution of powers of its constituent and control functions;- creation of a proper system of information support law-making and other activities of state bodies; the use of wide-ranging national debates on bills, especially those that directly regulate relations between man and the state, establish the rights and obligations of citizens;- application of forms of direct democracy, in particular the use in accordance with the Constitution the people's legislative initiative, an all-Ukrainian referendum on draft laws directly related to the relations of man and the state, social needs of citizens; the introduction of a local referendum to resolve legal issues of local importance, etc. ; Стаття присвячена аналізу правової культури суб'єктів парламентських процедур. Досліджуються тлумачення терміна та юридичні властивості цього правового явища. Підсумовується, що правова культура суб'єктів парламентських процедур визначається як ступінь правового розвитку суб'єкта, характер його юридичної практики, рівень засвоєння ним правових норм і об'єктивної оцінки та прогнозування подальшого розвитку суспільства і держави, форма участі в перетворенні правової дійсності, рівень правової активності, опанування культурою правового мислення.

The issue of safety culture is one of the most important in a modern medical facility because any problems during the provision of services may lead to irreversible consequences. Not only the patient may suffer, but the doctor who assisted. Unfortunately, very little attention to this issue is paid in Ukraine. Based on this, we can say that the topic is relevant and requires studying. The purpose of writing this article is the analysis of the ways of forming professional safety culture in clinical medicine. The methods by which we carried out scientific research are observation, analysis, evaluation, comparison, generalization. The work examined interpretation of the term "safety culture", types of innovation in which it belongs and the main methods of its creation in the medical field. Safety culture in the medical field involves the right of all health care workers to use measures to prevent actions that can harm a patient or a colleague. Different approaches were considered in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" and we proposed our own: safety culture is a system of values, objectives, knowledge and skills, rules and procedures, convictions shared by representatives of a certain medical profession and supported by patients, creating a favourable working climate, atmosphere of trust and becoming an efficient tool for achieving the goals of the organization. The main components of the safety culture were defined: responsibilities of managers, communication, performance, resources of safety, trust, the degree of job satisfaction, etc. Based on several studies, it was found that no country has a perfect medical system. Every system should be improved. We proposed measures to fix the situation with the safety culture in health care facilities. The correct management of safety can eliminate or fix many medical errors. That is why the need for a clear program of implementation, execution and control of SC in the medical establishment is necessary. Scientific novelty of this work lies in the interpretation of the term "safety culture" at medical institutions and in determining major steps towards its creation. Practical value of the work is the opportunity to implement these steps in medical institutions for improvement of the safety culture and, therefore, to reduce the risk of bad accidents during treatment. Further research can address safety culture management in medical institutions on the examples from the experience of countries with effective systems of health care.

The relevance of the study is due to insufficient study of the peculiarities of the formation 68 of organizational culture in the People's Republic of China as a country that has today one of the highest indicators of economic development and production. The aim of the article was to identify the features of the formation of organizational culture in the People's Republic of China (PRC). It is established that since 1978, China has been actively implementing reforms aimed at openness and economic development of the country, an important place among these reforms was assigned to education, science and culture. The concept of "organizational culture" gained popularity in the early 1980's, but there is still no single common definition. The essence of the concept of "organizational culture" in China is behavior as a norm of relations in production, which is based on undisguised rules of conduct that are subject to the goals of the company, and is an important factor in economic development. Among the functions of organizational culture are defined: planning, team cohesion; motivational, controlling; influence function; integrative function; harmony function; management. Among the features of the formation of organizational culture in China are: attitude to culture and art aimed at developing the sphere of spirit, emotions, sensitivity and uniqueness of the individual; corporate governance in China involves sensitivity, creativity and emotionality. Relationships in management are governed primarily by moral norms that sometimes become higher than the law; professional ethics; the dominance of political culture in social and cultural life; formation of organizational culture in constant reform; development through innovation; taking into account the management models of foreign countries, but their implementation taking into account national characteristics; based on competencies, hard work, development of a system of motives and incentives taking into account the national traditions of the country. ; Актуальність дослідження зумовлена недостатнім вивченням питання особливостей формування організаційної культури в Китайській Народній Республіці як країні, яка на сьогодні має одні із вищих показників розвитку економіки та виробництва. Метою статті стало виявлення особливостей формування організаційної культури в Китайській Народній Республіці (КНР). Установлено, що, починаючи з 1978 року, КНР активно впроваджувала реформи, спрямовані на відкритість та розвиток економіки країни. Важливе місце серед цих реформ було призначено саме освіті, науці та культурі. Поняття «організаційна культура» набуло популярності на початок 1980-х рр., проте і досі не існує його єдиного загальноприйнятого визначення. Під сутністю поняття «організаційна культура» у КНР розуміють поведінку як норму відносин на виробництві, котра базується на неприхованих правилах спілкування, які підпорядковані меті компанії, і виступає важливим чинником економічного розвитку виробництва. Серед функцій організаційної культури фахівці визначають: планувальну, згуртування колективу; мотиваційну; контролюючу; функцію впливу; інтегративні функції; функцію гармонії; управлінську. Серед особливостей формування організаційної культури у КНР визначено: позитивне ставлення до культури та мистецтва, котрі спрямовані на розвиток сфери духу, емоцій, чуйності та унікальності особистості; розумне управління компаніями у КНР, яке передбачає прояв таких якостей, як: чуйність, творчість, професійна етика та емоційність; регулювання взаємовідносин в управлінні перш за все моральними нормами, які іноді стають вище за закон; домінування політичної культури в суспільному та культурному житті; формування організаційної культури в процесі постійного реформування; розвиток особистості та суспільства через інновації; вивчення моделей управління зарубіжних країн та їх упровадження з урахуванням національних особливостей; ґрунтування організаційної культури на відповідних компетентностях, наполегливій праці; розробка системи мотивів і стимулів з урахуванням національних традицій країни.