Suchergebnisse

This paper examines EU's migration policy development. The paper presents a short review of literature and current discussions about the appropriate balance of powers between EU institutions and member states in migration issues. The paper argues that mechanical shift of the responsibility from national to supranational agencies, will not provide satisfactory solutions to the challenges related to migration issues both within the EU area and the world in general. Migration is changing our understanding of regional integration processes, challenging the idea of a united states of Europe. It is almost impossible to regulate migration, especially by hard measures such as border control. Instead concentration upon migration limitations, mass deportations, \"border-walls\", active migrant detention and assimilation, EU has to examine other possible alternatives of police measures to provide better and more effective aid directed towards the reasons for migration. Migration issues must to a larger degree be incrementally transferred from security issues and connected to the development and neighbourhood policy agenda as well as Lisbon strategy objectives (problems of competitiveness, demographical tensions etc.). Especially when it comes to the developing world EU should increase their effort on poverty reduction, brain drain and facilitate political stability and circular migration. The neo-liberal dominance on political and economical policies, lead to a perception of the world without borders, but this has to be confronted by the realities and further a more diverse understanding of the state's role in redistribution of the global economy. Human beings are not goods, although they are also free to move anywhere. The nation-state still provides the only effective protection to the individuals in terms of human rights and especially social rights criteria. This should be taken into account when shaping future migration regulations.

This paper examines EU's migration policy development. The paper presents a short review of literature and current discussions about the appropriate balance of powers between EU institutions and member states in migration issues. The paper argues that mechanical shift of the responsibility from national to supranational agencies, will not provide satisfactory solutions to the challenges related to migration issues both within the EU area and the world in general. Migration is changing our understanding of regional integration processes, challenging the idea of a united states of Europe. It is almost impossible to regulate migration, especially by hard measures such as border control. Instead concentration upon migration limitations, mass deportations, \"border-walls\", active migrant detention and assimilation, EU has to examine other possible alternatives of police measures to provide better and more effective aid directed towards the reasons for migration. Migration issues must to a larger degree be incrementally transferred from security issues and connected to the development and neighbourhood policy agenda as well as Lisbon strategy objectives (problems of competitiveness, demographical tensions etc.). Especially when it comes to the developing world EU should increase their effort on poverty reduction, brain drain and facilitate political stability and circular migration. The neo-liberal dominance on political and economical policies, lead to a perception of the world without borders, but this has to be confronted by the realities and further a more diverse understanding of the state's role in redistribution of the global economy. Human beings are not goods, although they are also free to move anywhere. The nation-state still provides the only effective protection to the individuals in terms of human rights and especially social rights criteria. This should be taken into account when shaping future migration regulations.

Over the years, the various enlargements have transformed the EU into a more and more heterogeneous group of countries with significant economic imbalances. The financial instrument of the EU regional policy – structural support is used to seek for the economic and social cohesion of regions. It is characteristic for small and medium sized enterprises to act at regional, not national or international, level. The aim of this article is to analyse one kind of structural support, – that is support for business development. The object of the article is the priorities of 1 objective and 2 objective regional development programs of 15 Member states for the programming period of 2000-2006 and Lithuanian Single programming document. The review of the results of structural support for business development during the programming period of 1994-1999 enables to analyse the opportunities for business enterprises to get structural support and to evaluate the impact of structural support for business on region's development. The structural support is designated to increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Direct and indirect support is rendered to business enterprises: financial support for enterprises, financial engineering, business consulting services, innovation and new technologies, special training services, improvement of physical infrastructure, and etc. Financial support for business development helped many enterprises to implement planned projects and develop a system of services for their businesses. It also created and saved many jobs. Competitive enterprises are able to stand the competition in the single market. As a result, successful activities of enterprises influence GDP growth, it also provides stable income for workers. This leads to economic and social cohesion of regions.[.].

Over the years, the various enlargements have transformed the EU into a more and more heterogeneous group of countries with significant economic imbalances. The financial instrument of the EU regional policy – structural support is used to seek for the economic and social cohesion of regions. It is characteristic for small and medium sized enterprises to act at regional, not national or international, level. The aim of this article is to analyse one kind of structural support, – that is support for business development. The object of the article is the priorities of 1 objective and 2 objective regional development programs of 15 Member states for the programming period of 2000-2006 and Lithuanian Single programming document. The review of the results of structural support for business development during the programming period of 1994-1999 enables to analyse the opportunities for business enterprises to get structural support and to evaluate the impact of structural support for business on region's development. The structural support is designated to increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Direct and indirect support is rendered to business enterprises: financial support for enterprises, financial engineering, business consulting services, innovation and new technologies, special training services, improvement of physical infrastructure, and etc. Financial support for business development helped many enterprises to implement planned projects and develop a system of services for their businesses. It also created and saved many jobs. Competitive enterprises are able to stand the competition in the single market. As a result, successful activities of enterprises influence GDP growth, it also provides stable income for workers. This leads to economic and social cohesion of regions.[.].

Over the years, the various enlargements have transformed the EU into a more and more heterogeneous group of countries with significant economic imbalances. The financial instrument of the EU regional policy – structural support is used to seek for the economic and social cohesion of regions. It is characteristic for small and medium sized enterprises to act at regional, not national or international, level. The aim of this article is to analyse one kind of structural support, – that is support for business development. The object of the article is the priorities of 1 objective and 2 objective regional development programs of 15 Member states for the programming period of 2000-2006 and Lithuanian Single programming document. The review of the results of structural support for business development during the programming period of 1994-1999 enables to analyse the opportunities for business enterprises to get structural support and to evaluate the impact of structural support for business on region's development. The structural support is designated to increase the competitiveness of enterprises. Direct and indirect support is rendered to business enterprises: financial support for enterprises, financial engineering, business consulting services, innovation and new technologies, special training services, improvement of physical infrastructure, and etc. Financial support for business development helped many enterprises to implement planned projects and develop a system of services for their businesses. It also created and saved many jobs. Competitive enterprises are able to stand the competition in the single market. As a result, successful activities of enterprises influence GDP growth, it also provides stable income for workers. This leads to economic and social cohesion of regions.[.].

Development of information society is closely linked with the country's economic development, the development of this sector is relevant to each country seeking economic development. The research aims to answer what steps and measures must to be taken to accelerate the development of Lithuanian information society process and thus to achieve at least the EU average in this area. The research object of information society development process and its results in the EU Member States. Research aim – to assess the Lithuanian information society development opportunities and prospects for the EU to catch up in the context of indicators. The work must meet the following objectives: to analyze the information society development in the EU policy and legal regulation in this area and assess the development of information society indicators for the EU and Lithuania, the performance of their benchmark. Research hypothesis: The Lithuanian Information Society Development in 2009 Results below the EU average on institutional and social reasons. Master's thesis of the tasks to the theoretical and analytical research methods and tools. The paper gives a brief outline of the EU Member States in the Information Society Benchmarking: comparison of parallel fields, implemented initiatives to achieve results. A comparative analysis between EU Member States has shown how different formation of information society development in Europe, as unevenly developed and developing the sector's development. All EU Member States in preparing their national strategies for information society development in the EU should follow the directives and planning documents, the development of information society concept has no major differences of principle. They all seek to resolve the fundamental efficiency of public administration, the active population in the governance and effective public service delivery problems. Experience in other countries, the factors influencing the success of at least some of the information society in the implementation: a clear responsibility, civic participation and open approach to information society, standards and standard technology, the business sector in development. The results showed that the national government should be concerned not only statistical data, quantitative indicators, such as what the population have cell phones or computers, but also the qualitative side of the sector.

Development of information society is closely linked with the country's economic development, the development of this sector is relevant to each country seeking economic development. The research aims to answer what steps and measures must to be taken to accelerate the development of Lithuanian information society process and thus to achieve at least the EU average in this area. The research object of information society development process and its results in the EU Member States. Research aim – to assess the Lithuanian information society development opportunities and prospects for the EU to catch up in the context of indicators. The work must meet the following objectives: to analyze the information society development in the EU policy and legal regulation in this area and assess the development of information society indicators for the EU and Lithuania, the performance of their benchmark. Research hypothesis: The Lithuanian Information Society Development in 2009 Results below the EU average on institutional and social reasons. Master's thesis of the tasks to the theoretical and analytical research methods and tools. The paper gives a brief outline of the EU Member States in the Information Society Benchmarking: comparison of parallel fields, implemented initiatives to achieve results. A comparative analysis between EU Member States has shown how different formation of information society development in Europe, as unevenly developed and developing the sector's development. All EU Member States in preparing their national strategies for information society development in the EU should follow the directives and planning documents, the development of information society concept has no major differences of principle. They all seek to resolve the fundamental efficiency of public administration, the active population in the governance and effective public service delivery problems. Experience in other countries, the factors influencing the success of at least some of the information society in the implementation: a clear responsibility, civic participation and open approach to information society, standards and standard technology, the business sector in development. The results showed that the national government should be concerned not only statistical data, quantitative indicators, such as what the population have cell phones or computers, but also the qualitative side of the sector.

The aim of this Master's work is to make analysis of EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania. The aim is reached after presenting theoretical EU investment policy base, also analyzing basic environment and conditions for business in Lithuania as part of EU, and ascertaining factors of EU investment policy implementation. Empirical research shows the importance and evaluation of measures of EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania. After the analysis of the theoretical foundations of public policy there was found the insights of the EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania, which was the subject of this paper, it is appropriate to assess the impact of policies on a particular field, which is business establishment. The preferred method in this case is the decision-theoretical evaluation, an ex-ante, taking into business needs. Analysis of business environment and business conditions showed that Lithuanian economic development is lower than the EU average, and although business conditions are not very poor, the tax system is not conducive to the establishment of businesses. The empirical study confirms defended statements: 1. the investment policy is not focused on direct business start-up financing. Business investment in the establishment of policies have only an indirect impact on the improvement of business conditions and the attractiveness of the setting up of new companies. 2. The measures offered for the business in Siauliai region, such as financial instruments (loans), guarantees and partial compensation of interest, provided consulting and information services, project of development of industrial park and improve road and energy infrastructure, they increases the attractiveness of the region for business establishment, but they are not enough to develop entrepreneurship. Based on the findings of the research the recommendations were offered for national and local institutions. Core of the recommendations is the promotion of entrepreneurship, improve business environment and implementation of projects dealing with the improvement of the business establishment issues.

The aim of this Master's work is to make analysis of EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania. The aim is reached after presenting theoretical EU investment policy base, also analyzing basic environment and conditions for business in Lithuania as part of EU, and ascertaining factors of EU investment policy implementation. Empirical research shows the importance and evaluation of measures of EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania. After the analysis of the theoretical foundations of public policy there was found the insights of the EU investment policy for business establishment in Lithuania, which was the subject of this paper, it is appropriate to assess the impact of policies on a particular field, which is business establishment. The preferred method in this case is the decision-theoretical evaluation, an ex-ante, taking into business needs. Analysis of business environment and business conditions showed that Lithuanian economic development is lower than the EU average, and although business conditions are not very poor, the tax system is not conducive to the establishment of businesses. The empirical study confirms defended statements: 1. the investment policy is not focused on direct business start-up financing. Business investment in the establishment of policies have only an indirect impact on the improvement of business conditions and the attractiveness of the setting up of new companies. 2. The measures offered for the business in Siauliai region, such as financial instruments (loans), guarantees and partial compensation of interest, provided consulting and information services, project of development of industrial park and improve road and energy infrastructure, they increases the attractiveness of the region for business establishment, but they are not enough to develop entrepreneurship. Based on the findings of the research the recommendations were offered for national and local institutions. Core of the recommendations is the promotion of entrepreneurship, improve business environment and implementation of projects dealing with the improvement of the business establishment issues.

Rapid development of information and communication technologies opened up new opportunities for global interactions – developed electronic space without usual time and distance strictures. Considering globalization, one of the most important tasks for the present government is being able to change along with the exigencies and expectations of modern society and business, being able to change state ruling and at the same time make public administration modern, using up-to-date technologies, rethinking and rearranging organizational processes considering consumer requirements and trying to achieve effective control. Electronic Government is understood as an entirety which includes integration of information and communication technologies into public administration, new skills and alternation of organizational activities designed for the purpose of public services, democratic operations and open politics' improvement. Further development of Electronic Government requires public services to be effective and secure. So, one of the key aspects of Electronic Government is to ensure the consumers, who are using electronic public services, satisfaction and pay exceptional attention to the services which can be offered internationally. In order to be able to offer these services electronically, we have to aim for a wide range of use, not only for relocation of the services into electronic medium. The purpose of work is to evaluate the implementation of Electronic Government and the information society development policy in Lithuania using the analysis of law, institutions and qualitative search based on statistics. This work analyses the realization of Electronic Government in public sector. The review of Electronic Government's offered services and the present situation of possible projects are presented in this work based on conception of public administration effectiveness, the law and institutions survey, statistics and the qualitative investigation. Also the recommendations and stakes of Electronic Government development are presented. They are subject to making public sector activities more effective, government expenses reduction, specifying citizen-oriented electronic public services and better cooperation between Government and Society, using all the possibilities and measures of Electronic Government.

Rapid development of information and communication technologies opened up new opportunities for global interactions – developed electronic space without usual time and distance strictures. Considering globalization, one of the most important tasks for the present government is being able to change along with the exigencies and expectations of modern society and business, being able to change state ruling and at the same time make public administration modern, using up-to-date technologies, rethinking and rearranging organizational processes considering consumer requirements and trying to achieve effective control. Electronic Government is understood as an entirety which includes integration of information and communication technologies into public administration, new skills and alternation of organizational activities designed for the purpose of public services, democratic operations and open politics' improvement. Further development of Electronic Government requires public services to be effective and secure. So, one of the key aspects of Electronic Government is to ensure the consumers, who are using electronic public services, satisfaction and pay exceptional attention to the services which can be offered internationally. In order to be able to offer these services electronically, we have to aim for a wide range of use, not only for relocation of the services into electronic medium. The purpose of work is to evaluate the implementation of Electronic Government and the information society development policy in Lithuania using the analysis of law, institutions and qualitative search based on statistics. This work analyses the realization of Electronic Government in public sector. The review of Electronic Government's offered services and the present situation of possible projects are presented in this work based on conception of public administration effectiveness, the law and institutions survey, statistics and the qualitative investigation. Also the recommendations and stakes of Electronic Government development are presented. They are subject to making public sector activities more effective, government expenses reduction, specifying citizen-oriented electronic public services and better cooperation between Government and Society, using all the possibilities and measures of Electronic Government.

Rapid development of information and communication technologies opened up new opportunities for global interactions – developed electronic space without usual time and distance strictures. Considering globalization, one of the most important tasks for the present government is being able to change along with the exigencies and expectations of modern society and business, being able to change state ruling and at the same time make public administration modern, using up-to-date technologies, rethinking and rearranging organizational processes considering consumer requirements and trying to achieve effective control. Electronic Government is understood as an entirety which includes integration of information and communication technologies into public administration, new skills and alternation of organizational activities designed for the purpose of public services, democratic operations and open politics' improvement. Further development of Electronic Government requires public services to be effective and secure. So, one of the key aspects of Electronic Government is to ensure the consumers, who are using electronic public services, satisfaction and pay exceptional attention to the services which can be offered internationally. In order to be able to offer these services electronically, we have to aim for a wide range of use, not only for relocation of the services into electronic medium. The purpose of work is to evaluate the implementation of Electronic Government and the information society development policy in Lithuania using the analysis of law, institutions and qualitative search based on statistics. This work analyses the realization of Electronic Government in public sector. The review of Electronic Government's offered services and the present situation of possible projects are presented in this work based on conception of public administration effectiveness, the law and institutions survey, statistics and the qualitative investigation. Also the recommendations and stakes of Electronic Government development are presented. They are subject to making public sector activities more effective, government expenses reduction, specifying citizen-oriented electronic public services and better cooperation between Government and Society, using all the possibilities and measures of Electronic Government.

The Object of the Paper - legal aspects of the EU - ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific countries) partnership. After the general questions on EU Development policy, follows the analysis of principal aspects of EU - ACP relations: protection of human rights, democracy, rule of law; financial mechanism of the partnership; trade relations; dispute settlement procedures. The main documents, examined in this Paper are the General Agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT), the Cotonou Agreement (2000) and the Economic partnership agreements (comming into force in 2008). There is also the characterization of Lithuania's relations with ACP countries.

The Object of the Paper - legal aspects of the EU - ACP (African, Caribbean, Pacific countries) partnership. After the general questions on EU Development policy, follows the analysis of principal aspects of EU - ACP relations: protection of human rights, democracy, rule of law; financial mechanism of the partnership; trade relations; dispute settlement procedures. The main documents, examined in this Paper are the General Agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT), the Cotonou Agreement (2000) and the Economic partnership agreements (comming into force in 2008). There is also the characterization of Lithuania's relations with ACP countries.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the implementation of EU asylum policy in Lithuania by institutional and legal aspects. This paper analyses the legal basis of EU asylum policy, marking the main laws which regulate EU asylum policy and its implementing institutions. It also examines the current situation of Lithuanian asylum policy and how the legal basis of EU asylum policy is harmonized and implemented in Lithuanian system. The empirical research was aimed at evaluating the problemical aspects of institutional and legal basis in the implementation of EU asylum policy in Lithuania. At the moment the second stage of common EU asylum policy system is being exercised. In conformity with it, the main asylum system procedures in EU member states should be equalized by July 2015. Lithuania's EU memebership was not a significant criterion for the increase of refugees' flows in the country but Lithuania has become attractive as a transit country. The main part of the provisions of EU asylum directives reflect in the law on the legal status of foreigners, though they also reflect in secondary legislation acts. The most of provisions are transfered correctly, however in some areas directives has had a negative impact, especially concerning the provisions about additional refugee status. On the other hand, the implementation of EU asylum directives has provided a positive effect in such areas as the validation of free legal assistance to asylum seekers, introducing wider opportunities to use education and health care system and etc. There is noticed the demand of the redistribution of functions in some asylum policy implementing institutions in Lithuania, especially in Migration department. Despite the fact that Lithuania does not experience the significant burden of refugees, th EU funding for asylum policy in Lithuania is not enough, it's also worth mentioning the lack of finance in the area of human resources. At the moment one of the most important initiatives is the renovation of Foreigners' registration centre in Pabradė, which is necessary due to the very poor material conditions. The main institutional issue is the absence of foreigners' integration system and the lack of its coordinating body.