Suchergebnisse

Ключевые слова: Европейская конвенция по правам человека, Европейский суд по правам человека, свобода выражения мнения, свобода творчества. = Keywords: artistic freedom, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, freedom of expression. Раздел "Международное право". ; В статье рассматривается практика Европейского суда по правам человека в отношении свободы творчества. Несмотря на то, что Европейская конвенция по правам человека 1950 г. напрямую не предусматривает охрану художественных выражений, Европейский суд по правам человека признал, что свобода творчества также пользуется конвенционной защитой. При этом свобода творчества как одна из форм свободы выражения мнения обладает существенными гарантиями от необоснованного посягательства со стороны государства. = The article examines the case law of the European Court of Human Rights with regard to artistic freedom. Notwithstanding that the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights does not directly provide for protection of artistic expressions, the European Court of Human Rights acknowledged that artistic freedom also enjoys conventional protection. Artistic freedom, as one of the form of freedom of expression, has significant guarantees against unwarranted encroachments from government.

The article is dedicated to the problems of the interpretation the international documents translated into Russian. The urgency of the work is confirmed by the tendencies of globalization and, as the consequence, the internationalization of law, which promotes active rulemaking and application the norms of international law. The authors descript the problems of interpreting Russian-language normative texts and, on this background, the doubly serious problem, which is associated with the interpretation of English-language texts translated into Russian. As the object for analysis, the European Convention of Human Rights of 1950 was chosen in the English-language and Russian-language versions. The choice of this document for study is justified by the statistical data, which confirms frequent use of the Convention in Russian judicial practice, as well as its significant influence on the development of the Russian Federation legislation. The study is carried out by comparing two texts of this international contract in English and Russian. The result of the analysis is the discovery of some inaccuracies in the translation of the fundamentally important provisions in the Convention, which may lead to incorrect application of the norms of international law. The authors come to the conclusion that mistakes in translation are the small phenomenon, but nevertheless serving as the indicator of the need to improve the existing technique of translating international documents into Russian. Today most of the recommendations on the technology of translation the documents are purely linguistic. It seems necessary to equip existing recommendations on the translation of international documents by the rules of legal nature. Therefore, it is important to work together with linguists and lawyers to develop rules for the translation of international documents. ; В статье рассматриваются проблемы толкования международных документов, переведенных на русский язык. Актуальность работы подтверждается тенденциями к глобализации и, как следствие, к интернационализации права, которые способствуют активному нормотворчеству и применению норм международного права. Авторами предлагается краткая характеристика проблем толкования русскоязычных нормативных текстов и на этом фоне обозначается вдвойне серьезная проблема, связанная с толкованием англоязычных текстов, переведенных на русский язык. В качестве объекта для анализа взята Европейская конвенция по правам человека 1950 года в англоязычной и русскоязычной версиях. Выбор данного документа для изучения обосновывается приведенными в статье статистическими данными, подтверждающими многократность использования Конвенции в российской судебной практике, а также ее значительное влияние на развитие законодательства Российской Федерации. Исследование проводится путем сопоставления двух текстов указанного международного соглашения на английском и русском языках. Результатом проведенного анализа стало обнаружение некоторых неточностей при переводе принципиально важных положений Конвенции, которые могут повлечь неверное применение норм международного права. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что ошибки перевода — явление немногочисленное, но, тем не менее, служащее показателем необходимости совершенствования существующей техники перевода международных документов на русский язык. На сегодняшний день большинство рекомендаций по технике перевода документов носят сугубо лингвистический характер. Видится необходимым оснащение существующих рекомендаций по переводу международных документов правилами юридического характера. Следовательно, важна совместная работа лингвистов и юристов по разработке правил перевода международных документов

The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the use of artificial intelligence and possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the work is to study possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. The tasks of the master's work: to determine the concept of artificial intelligence and to identify the challenges that makes the application of artificial intelligence; to consider the European Convention on Human Rights as the main instrument for protecting the right to privacy; on the basis of judicial practice to analyse the problem of privacy of personal life, guaranteed by Article 8 of the ECHR, in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. There were used the dialectical method, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The European Convention on Human Rights establishes human rights and freedoms, obliging each member country that has ratified this agreement to guarantee them. Many governments and regions recognize the fundamental nature of the rights protected by Article 8 of the ECHR. The use of artificial intelligence is fraught with a number of dangers and legal problems. It leads to a narrowing of the sphere of privacy and there's the need to establish at the legislative level the conditions for the limits of its application. The closer AI programs get to human skills – thinking and creativity, the more damage will be done to human rights protected by Art. 8 ECHR. It is necessary to find the right balance between technical development and the protection of human rights.

The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the use of artificial intelligence and possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the work is to study possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. The tasks of the master's work: to determine the concept of artificial intelligence and to identify the challenges that makes the application of artificial intelligence; to consider the European Convention on Human Rights as the main instrument for protecting the right to privacy; on the basis of judicial practice to analyse the problem of privacy of personal life, guaranteed by Article 8 of the ECHR, in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. There were used the dialectical method, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The European Convention on Human Rights establishes human rights and freedoms, obliging each member country that has ratified this agreement to guarantee them. Many governments and regions recognize the fundamental nature of the rights protected by Article 8 of the ECHR. The use of artificial intelligence is fraught with a number of dangers and legal problems. It leads to a narrowing of the sphere of privacy and there's the need to establish at the legislative level the conditions for the limits of its application. The closer AI programs get to human skills – thinking and creativity, the more damage will be done to human rights protected by Art. 8 ECHR. It is necessary to find the right balance between technical development and the protection of human rights.

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Права человека" ; Статья посвящена выявлению и правовой оценке целостного комплекса норм, связанных с правами и свободами человека, который сложился и функционирует в настоящее время в рамках Европейского союза. Автором предпринята попытка разобраться в юридической природе Хартии основных прав ЕС, принятой в 2000 г., сопоставить ее положения с нормами Европейской конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод 1950 г. Особое внимание уделено исследованию места и роли Европейского союза в существующей системе международной защиты прав и свобод человека, а также выявлению и последующей оценке прав и свобод первого (гражданские и политические) и второго (экономические, социальные и культурные) поколений, закрепленных в праве ЕС, степени и объему их правовой регламентации. Акцентируется внимание на роли институтов (органов) ЕС, особенно Европарламента, а также ряда специализированных органов (Агентство по основным правам и др.) в процессе формирования в рамках Европейского союза самостоятельной региональной системы защиты прав и свобод человека. Выявлены и проанализированы положения Договора 2004 г., устанавливающего Конституцию для Европы, затрагивающие вопросы прав человека. = The article focuses on identification and legal evaluation of an integral set of norms in the sphere of human rights and freedoms currently existing within the European Union. The author attempts to analyze the legal nature of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU adopted in 2000 and to compare it with the norms of the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights. Special attention is paid to the exploration of the role and place of the European Union in the existing system of international protection of human rights and freedoms, as well as to the revealing and the following evaluation of rights and freedoms of the first (civil and political) and second (economic, social and cultural) generations that are fixed in the EU law, and to the level and volume of their legal regulation. The author draws attention to the role of the EU institutions, the European Parliament in particular, as well as of a number of special bodies (the Agency for Fundamental Rights, etc.) in the process of formation of an independent regional system of human rights and freedoms protection within the EU. The author also revealed and analyzed the provisions of the 2004 Treaty fixing European Constitution that include human rights issues.

The article presents a brief overview of India-U.S. relations during the period of Narendra Modi's government and Barack Obama's administration. The author analyzes the dynamics of cooperation development after the victory of Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2014 Parliamentary elections in India and studies the key directions of bilateral agenda. The current condition of India-U.S. strategic dialogue and the influence of human rights issues on the countries' cooperation are characterized.

Since 2014 the states' cooperation has been growing rapidly. The bilateral investment, trade and economic interdependence have significantly increased. Some experts and mass media note that Barack Obama and Narendra Modi are having friendly relations. From a different angle, a number of agreements between countries still remain unaccomplished. For instance, the U.S. support for India's permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council, its accession to APEC and the implementation of nuclear deal have yet to be turned into achievement.

Together with strengthening the bilateral strategic dialogue, the U.S. has intensified the criticism of India's human rights record. The main part of it includes the cases of religious intolerance, which are observed in the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom reports and the remarks given by U.S. lawmakers and official representatives, including the Ambassador to India. Washington's careful attention to the human rights issues and religious violence in particular is one of the major irritants in the U.S.-India relations.

The engagement of Indian Americans in the local U.S. politics and their lobbying efforts in the context of U.S.-India relations are revealed. The author outlines the near-terms perspectives of bilateral cooperation.

The paper explores the execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Having carried out a brief historical analyses and reviewed the normative legal acts governing the execution of decisions of the above-mentioned courts, the authors argue that through the monitoring mechanism of the execution of the courts' decisions is very different, both regional judicial institutions have problems related to the execution of their decisions. The purpose of the study is to determine the problems of non-enforcement of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and to find ways to resolve them. The methodological basis of this study was the provisions of a general scientific dialectical method and a logical method aimed at presenting the material of the article, formulating recommendations and proposals. The method of comparative analysis was also widely used, which makes it possible to identify the general and the difference of both judicial institutions with respect to the monitoring the execution of judgments, and the method of system analysis by which the normative legal acts and the courts' decisions were examined. The European Court of Human Rights, which often applies the method of financial compensation, showed a high level of execution of judgments in contrast to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which requires states not only to compensate for money, but to make legislative changes, to bring perpetrators to justice, etc. The authors conclude that only dialogue between courts and states and the use of various conciliation mechanisms could positively influence the effectiveness of the execution of judgments. A dialogue should consist in the correct interpretation by courts of the provisions of international human rights treaties and an accessible explanation for states of the content of court decisions. ; Рассматриваются вопросы исполнения решений Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) и Межамериканского суда по правам человека (МСПЧ). Проведя краткий исторический обзор и рассмотрев нормативные правовые акты, регулирующие вопросы исполнения решений вышеназванных судов, авторы определяют, что механизмы контроля за исполнением государствами решений судов сильно различаются. Однако оба региональных судебных учреждения имеют проблемы, связанные с исполнением их решений. Цель исследования - определить причины неисполнения актов ЕСПЧ и МСПЧ и найти пути их решения. Методологическую основу исследования составили положения общенаучного диалектического и логического методов, направленные на изложение материала статьи, формулирование рекомендаций и предложений. Также использовались метод сравнительного анализа, позволяющий выявить общее и различное названных судебных учреждений по вопросу контроля за исполнением государствами их решений, и метод системного анализа, с помощью которого проводилось изучение нормативных правовых актов и решений рассматриваемых судов. Европейский суд по правам человека, нередко применяющий метод денежной компенсации, показал высокий уровень исполнения решений в отличие от Межамериканского суда по правам человека, требующего от государств не только денежной компенсации, но и внесения изменений в законодательство, привлечения виновных к ответственности и т. д. Авторы пришли к выводу, что только диалог между судами и государствами и применение различных согласительных механизмов могут положительно повлиять на эффективность исполнения решений. Диалог должен заключаться в правильном толковании судами положений международных договоров по правам человека и доступном разъяснении для государств содержания постановлений судов.

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Art. 5, Universal Declaration of Human Rights). According to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, torture means: . any act by which a person is intentionally subjected to severe physical or mental pain or suffering, in particular in order to obtain from this person or from a third party information or confession, to punish him for an act which he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, to intimidate or pressure him or her to intimidate or to put pressure on a third party, or for any other reason based on any form of discrimination, when such pain or suffering is applied by a public official or any other person acting officially or at the instigation or with the express or tacit consent of such persons. No one shall be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms). This article was prepared by the Institute for Democracy (Moldova) and is funded by the European Union under the EIDHR (European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights). The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.

The handbook contains teaching materials for the courses developed by Nizhnevartovsk State University's teaching staff within the framework of Jean Monnet Modules implementation. The projects were supported in 2016. International scientific and educational activity is one of the most important indicators of higher educational institutions effective work in Russia. The necessary scientific and educational basis for international grant implementation projects has been created in Nizhnevartovsk State University (NVSU). Following the results of the 2nd Erasmus+ competition within the framework of Jean Monnet Activities, scientific and methodical seminar was held, at which teaching materials' presentations of supported Jean Monnet Module projects were submitted: - The European Union Social Policy. Academic coordinator: Lala Yakubova. - Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union. Academic coordinator: Denis Pogonishev, Irina Pogonisheva. The courses are implemented with the financial support of the European Commission in the framework of supported Jean Monnet Modules: The European Union Social Policy, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE and Interaction of environment and human health: Experience of the European Union, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. The content of this material reflects the authors' opinion; the European Commission is not responsible for the use of the information contained therein. Курсы осуществляются при финансовой поддержке Европейской комиссии в рамках поддерживаемых модулей Жана Монне: Социальная политика Европейского союза, 574865-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE и Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека: Опыт Европейского Союза, 574826-EPP-1-2016-1-RU-EPPJMO-MODULE. Работа программа для курса « Окружающая среда и здоровье человека: опыт ЕС » разработана в рамках модуля Жана Моне « Взаимодействие окружающей среды и здоровья человека : Опыт Европейского Союза », 574826- EPP -1-2016-1- RU - EPPJMO - МОДУЛЬ . Этот курс является частью учебных ...

The paperaddresses the implementation and application of the the principle of criminal procedure enshrined in law – that of a reasonable term of criminal proceedings, which appeared in federal law in 2010, in Article 6.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation as the implementation of the requirements of the European Court of Human Rights on compulsory inclusion of effective remedies for violations of procedural deadlines in all stages of the criminal processin Russian legal system. The study analyzes the concept of reasonable term, the reasons for its legislative recognition, and its role in improving the institutions of criminal justice in the context of judicial decisions of ECHR and in Russian jurisdiction. ; Статья посвящена проблемам реализации и применения нового, закрепленного в законе принципа уголовно-процессуального законодательства – принципа разумного срока уголовного судопроизводства, который появился в федеральном законодательстве в 2010 году в статье 6.1 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской федерации как реализация предписания Европейского суда по правам человека об обязательном включении в российскую правовую систему эффективного средства борьбы с нарушениями процессуальных сроков на всех стадиях уголовного процесса. В исследовании анализируются понятие разумного срока, причины его законодательного закрепления, также его роль в совершенствовании институтов уголовного судопроизводства в контексте судебных постановлений ЕСПЧ и практики судов в России.