Suchergebnisse

The paper explores the execution of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Having carried out a brief historical analyses and reviewed the normative legal acts governing the execution of decisions of the above-mentioned courts, the authors argue that through the monitoring mechanism of the execution of the courts' decisions is very different, both regional judicial institutions have problems related to the execution of their decisions. The purpose of the study is to determine the problems of non-enforcement of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and to find ways to resolve them. The methodological basis of this study was the provisions of a general scientific dialectical method and a logical method aimed at presenting the material of the article, formulating recommendations and proposals. The method of comparative analysis was also widely used, which makes it possible to identify the general and the difference of both judicial institutions with respect to the monitoring the execution of judgments, and the method of system analysis by which the normative legal acts and the courts' decisions were examined. The European Court of Human Rights, which often applies the method of financial compensation, showed a high level of execution of judgments in contrast to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which requires states not only to compensate for money, but to make legislative changes, to bring perpetrators to justice, etc. The authors conclude that only dialogue between courts and states and the use of various conciliation mechanisms could positively influence the effectiveness of the execution of judgments. A dialogue should consist in the correct interpretation by courts of the provisions of international human rights treaties and an accessible explanation for states of the content of court decisions. ; Рассматриваются вопросы исполнения решений Европейского суда по правам человека (ЕСПЧ) и Межамериканского суда по правам человека (МСПЧ). Проведя краткий исторический обзор и рассмотрев нормативные правовые акты, регулирующие вопросы исполнения решений вышеназванных судов, авторы определяют, что механизмы контроля за исполнением государствами решений судов сильно различаются. Однако оба региональных судебных учреждения имеют проблемы, связанные с исполнением их решений. Цель исследования - определить причины неисполнения актов ЕСПЧ и МСПЧ и найти пути их решения. Методологическую основу исследования составили положения общенаучного диалектического и логического методов, направленные на изложение материала статьи, формулирование рекомендаций и предложений. Также использовались метод сравнительного анализа, позволяющий выявить общее и различное названных судебных учреждений по вопросу контроля за исполнением государствами их решений, и метод системного анализа, с помощью которого проводилось изучение нормативных правовых актов и решений рассматриваемых судов. Европейский суд по правам человека, нередко применяющий метод денежной компенсации, показал высокий уровень исполнения решений в отличие от Межамериканского суда по правам человека, требующего от государств не только денежной компенсации, но и внесения изменений в законодательство, привлечения виновных к ответственности и т. д. Авторы пришли к выводу, что только диалог между судами и государствами и применение различных согласительных механизмов могут положительно повлиять на эффективность исполнения решений. Диалог должен заключаться в правильном толковании судами положений международных договоров по правам человека и доступном разъяснении для государств содержания постановлений судов.

УДК 347.9The purpose of the article – a critical analysis of the position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the justification, through the analysis of the ECtHR practice and scientific work on execution of the ECtHR judgments, about the coordination of positions of national courts and the supranational body.The methodological basis for the study: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison); private and academic (interpretation, comparative legal, formal-legal).Problems and basic scientific results:The issue of implementation of the Human Rights Court decisions at the national level oc-curs when the compensation is not enough to eliminate the revealed violations. Russian legislator opted for the situation of Human Rights by the European Court finding a violation of the provisions of the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the consideration by the court of a particular case, in connection with the decision by which the applicant applied to the ECtHR mechanism for review of the decision on the new circumstances. Supreme Court puts forward three conditions for the implementation of the revi-sion of the judicial act on a national level, which should be available at the same time: 1) the continuous nature of the adverse effects; 2) the existence of violations of the Convention or gross procedural violations; 3) a causal link between the breach and the consequences.The author point out that the regulation of possible conflicts between the Convention and national legislation is based on cooperation (not confrontation) States and the European Court of Human Rights. Such practice of cooperation based on the principles of subsidiarity (addition to national rights protection system); evolutionary interpretation of the Convention (which implies flexibility, and accounting for changes in public relations); Judges dialogue and to develop advisory opinions. Consequently, the task of the Constitutional Court can not be default search options, on the contrary, its task – to determine exactly how, taking into account the differences in the legislation, the decision will be enforced. Failure, as well as the improper execution of judgments of the ECtHR may involve the establishment of a new violation of the provisions of the Convention and sanctions against violators. ; УДК 347.9Автор рассматривает порядок реализации постановлений Европейского Суда по правам человека через возможность пересмотра решения российского суда по новым обстоятельствам. В качестве нового обстоятельства рассматривается признание Европейским Судом по правам человека нарушения положений Конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод при рассмотрении судом конкретного дела, в связи с принятием решения по которому заявитель обращался в ЕСПЧ. Конституционный Суд РФ полагает, что суды Российской Федерации обязаны обращаться в КС всякий раз, когда при пересмотре дела по новым обстоятельствам приходят к выводу, что вопрос о возможности применения соответствующего закона может быть решен только после подтверждения его соответствия Конституции РФ.

Ключевые слова: Европейская конвенция по правам человека, Европейский суд по правам человека, свобода выражения мнения, свобода творчества. = Keywords: artistic freedom, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, freedom of expression. Раздел "Международное право". ; В статье рассматривается практика Европейского суда по правам человека в отношении свободы творчества. Несмотря на то, что Европейская конвенция по правам человека 1950 г. напрямую не предусматривает охрану художественных выражений, Европейский суд по правам человека признал, что свобода творчества также пользуется конвенционной защитой. При этом свобода творчества как одна из форм свободы выражения мнения обладает существенными гарантиями от необоснованного посягательства со стороны государства. = The article examines the case law of the European Court of Human Rights with regard to artistic freedom. Notwithstanding that the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights does not directly provide for protection of artistic expressions, the European Court of Human Rights acknowledged that artistic freedom also enjoys conventional protection. Artistic freedom, as one of the form of freedom of expression, has significant guarantees against unwarranted encroachments from government.

International integration today includes not only a political but also a legal aspect. With the help of various supranational tools, such as international commercial arbitration, international treaties and agreements, various organizations, including those formed on the basis of such agreements, global trends of law are formed. The convergence of legal systems is the key to the harmonious development of civil (private) relations. Defamation law is no exception. In order to better protect private life and freedom of speech, it is necessary to study carefully both the law prevailing in certain foreign countries and the practice of supranational structures. The European Court of Human Rights holds a special place among such structures. In its decisions, it introduced the most advanced legal constructions of protection against defamation, which are seen in American and German law. These structures are referred to as standards or principles of law enforcement developed by the European Court of Human Rights. The standards of the European Court of Human Rights are applied in all countries that are parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms dated 04.11.1950. To fully protect the rights of its citizens the Russian Federation should also not stand aside from the European Court of Human Rights positions. ; Международная интеграция включает в себя сегодня не только политический, но и правовой аспект. С помощью различных наднациональных инструментов, таких как международные коммерческие арбитражи, международные договоры и соглашения, различного рода организации, в том числе образованные на основании таких договоров, формируются мировые тенденции права. Сближение правовых систем является ключом к гармоничному развитию гражданских (частных) отношений. Диффамационное право не исключение. Для более эффективной защиты частной жизни и свободы слова необходимо тщательное изучение как права, сложившегося в отдельных зарубежных странах, так и практики наднациональных структур. Особое место среди таких структур занимает Европейский суд по правам человека. В свои решениях он внедрил самые современные юридические конструкции защиты от диффамации, которые сформировались в американском и немецком праве. Указанные конструкции именуются стандартами, или принципами правоприменения, разработанными Европейским судом по правам человека. Стандарты Европейского суда по правам человека применяются во всех странах, являющихся участниками Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод от 04 ноября 1950 г. Российская Федерация для полноценной защиты прав своих граждан также не должна оставаться в стороне от сформированных Европейским судом по правам человека позиций.

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Права человека" ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению белорусского и европейского законодательства, международных договоров в сфере регламентации начала правовой охраны человеческой жизни с учетом произошедших в последнее время изменений законодательства рассматриваемых государств. В статье представлен краткий обзор теоретических обоснований возможных этапов возникновения права на жизнь, характеристика нормативного закрепления этого права в международном праве, законодательстве Республики Беларусь и некоторых европейских государств; проведен анализ практики европейских государств в указанной сфере и национального законодательства Республики Беларусь; выработаны некоторые рекомендации в целях совершенствования правовой основы реализации права на жизнь в нашей республике. В процессе работы по выявлению и обобщению литературного и нормативного материала внимание было сосредоточено на изучении не только правовых источников, но и вспомогательных средств, используемых при их толковании, — решений и консультативных заключений специализированных международных судов, в первую очередь, Европейского суда по правам человека. Некоторые из рассмотренных в статье вопросов освещаются впервые. = The present article is devoted to the analysis of the Belarusian as well as European law in the sphere of international treaty regulation of the right to life. The article takes into account the recent legal developments in the said sphere. The article comprises a brief overview of a right to life, its legal regulation in international law, Belarusian law and the law of certain EU states. The present study also analyses the implementation of the legal norms on the right to life by the EU states and Belarus and proposes certain recommendations to enhance the legal regulation of the right to life in Belarus. The present work is based not only on normative and doctrinal sources but also on a vast amount of judicial practice — judgments and advisory opinions of regional judicial bodies, inter alia, of the European Court of Human Rights. Some of the issues raised in the article are not covered in doctrine and are introduced here for the first time by the author.

The article considers the role of the SAC, which ceased operations in the implementationof legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights. The author proves the thesisthat by broadcasting the practice of the ECHR and formulating on the basis of either itslegal position of their own judicial and legal position, the SAC was actively involved inthe constitutionalization of law, which was expressed in the improvement of the constitutionaland legal model of judicial procedure, ensuring its compliance with the relevant socialneeds, taking into account the international legal standards, criteria and practices.Moreover, the judicial and legal positions of the SAC, based on the precedential value ofthe ECHR, can be considered as a legal tool to eliminate the ambiguity of rules of law, itscontradictions, or other defect. The author notes the need to take into account in the courtpractice the developed by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation approachesand requirements to resolve potential conflicts between the legal positions of the ECHRand the estimates of the constitutionality of the provisions of the Russian legislation. ; В статье рассматривается роль прекратившего деятельность ВАС РФ в импле-ментации правовых позиций Европейского Суда по правам человека. Обосновыва-ется тезис о том, что, транслируя практику ЕСПЧ и формулируя на основе либо сучетом его правовых позиций собственные судебно-правовые позиции, ВАС РФосуществлял достаточно активное участие в конституционализации права, котороевыражалось в совершенствовании конституционно-правовой модели судопроизвод-ства, обеспечении ее соответствия актуальным социальным потребностям с учетоммеждународно-правовых стандартов, критериев и практики. Кроме того, судебно-правовые позиции ВАС РФ, основанные на прецедентном значении практикиЕСПЧ, могут рассматриваться в качестве юридического инструментария устране-ния неясности нормы закона, ее противоречивости или иного дефекта. Отмечаетсянеобходимость последовательного учета в судебной практике выработанных Кон-ституционным Судом РФ подходов и требований к разрешению возможных колли-зий между правовыми позициями ЕСПЧ и оценками конституционности положе-ний российского законодательства.

The principles of the criminal procedure as a procedural guarantee of provision of human rights = Принципы уголовного процесса – процессуальная гарантия соблюдения прав человека ; Рассматриваются вопросы толкования принципа "non bis in idem" в практике Европейского суда по правам человека и в законодательстве и правоприменительной практике Украины. Рассмотрены вопросы нормативного закрепления указанного принципа в законодательстве Украины, потенциальные проблемы, вызванные несовершенным законодательным решением. Изучены подходы и критерии, применяемые Европейским судом по правам человека при констатации нарушения принципа "non bis in idem" (ст. 4 Протокола № 7 к ЕКПЧ). Продемонстрированы и проанализированы противоречия, существующие между рекомендациями по квалификации преступлений, изложенными в постановлениях Пленума Верховного суда Украины и толкованием положений Конвенции, осуществляемым Европейским судом по правам человека = The paper deals with the interpretation of the principle non bis in idem (double jeopardy) in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and in the legislation and court practice in Ukraine. The problems caused by imperfect legislation to provide the principle under discussion in the laws of Ukraine are considered. The criteria used by the European Court of Human Rights and the approaches to ascertaining violations of the principle non bis in idem (Article 4 of Protocol No.7 to the ECHR) are researched. Contradictions that exist between the recommendations on crime qualification made by the Plenary Session of the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the interpretation of the double jeopardy in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights are analyzed

Purpose: The effectiveness of human rights protection in the Council of Europe largely depends on activities of the European Court, which demonstrates high standards of justice, particularly in matters of human rights protection in the field of aviation activities. The article offers a critical assessment of Ukrainian national legislation in terms of its internal legal consistency and compliance with international legal acts. Methods: The methods of legal analysis are used to study court decisions in the aviation field; methods of comparative legal analysis, forecasting and dialectical - in the study of problems in the further improvement of Ukrainian legislation. Also in article applied the theory of legal comparative, approaches to applying the analogy of legal and law in process of making decisions on similar court cases. Results: The article deals with the analysis of the European Court of Human Rights jurisdiction on cases of protection of human rights in the field of aviation activities. Two groups of cases in which Ukraine is a defendant are identified: a) cases of international concern (in particular the Malaysia Airlines' Boeing 777-200ER crash); b) cases of national character (citizens of Ukraine against the State of Ukraine). The author's position on deciding the cases in the field of aviation activities is based on the principles of respect for the European Convention on Human Rights, 1950. Discussion: The conclusion about the necessity of amending some national laws, taking into account the legal positions of the European Court (in particular, regarding the right of airlines workers to strike) is made, and the fact that the issues of States and airlines activities to respect human and civil rights in the field of aviation activities are covered by jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights and occupy an important place in its practice is indicated. ; Цель: Эффективность защиты прав человека в Совете Европы во многом зависит от деятельности именно Европейского Суда, который демонстрирует ...

The object of this master's thesis is the right to strike at the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The main aim of the work is to identify the main problems associated with the recognition of the right to strike in the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The main objectives of the work: To study the regulation of the right to strike in the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Analyze the current problems associated with the recognition of the right to strike in the above-mentioned international organizations. Determine the potential and possible prospects for the development of the right to strike in modern international law. The implementation of the tasks led the author to the conclusion that, despite the wide recognition of the right to strike in the regulating international bodies and national laws of most countries in the world, the right to strike is now in a precarious position when it comes to practice. The stable position of right to strike in ILO standards, which has long allowed regulatory bodies to protect and promote trade union rights, has been replaced by a "controversial consensus" following a conflict between employers and workers at the 2012 International Labour Conference. As will be discussed in this master's thesis, this consensus was reached rather as a quick and temporary solution to the problem, and not as a joint solution to the conflict by the ILC participants. At the same time, the issue of confrontation between the freedom of movement of businesses and collective labor rights, including the right to strike, has not yet been resolved in the international bodies of the European Union. More generally, the confrontation between the economic and social values of the European Union.

The object of this master's thesis is the right to strike at the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The main aim of the work is to identify the main problems associated with the recognition of the right to strike in the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The main objectives of the work: To study the regulation of the right to strike in the International Labour Organization, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. Analyze the current problems associated with the recognition of the right to strike in the above-mentioned international organizations. Determine the potential and possible prospects for the development of the right to strike in modern international law. The implementation of the tasks led the author to the conclusion that, despite the wide recognition of the right to strike in the regulating international bodies and national laws of most countries in the world, the right to strike is now in a precarious position when it comes to practice. The stable position of right to strike in ILO standards, which has long allowed regulatory bodies to protect and promote trade union rights, has been replaced by a "controversial consensus" following a conflict between employers and workers at the 2012 International Labour Conference. As will be discussed in this master's thesis, this consensus was reached rather as a quick and temporary solution to the problem, and not as a joint solution to the conflict by the ILC participants. At the same time, the issue of confrontation between the freedom of movement of businesses and collective labor rights, including the right to strike, has not yet been resolved in the international bodies of the European Union. More generally, the confrontation between the economic and social values of the European Union.

The paperaddresses the implementation and application of the the principle of criminal procedure enshrined in law – that of a reasonable term of criminal proceedings, which appeared in federal law in 2010, in Article 6.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation as the implementation of the requirements of the European Court of Human Rights on compulsory inclusion of effective remedies for violations of procedural deadlines in all stages of the criminal processin Russian legal system. The study analyzes the concept of reasonable term, the reasons for its legislative recognition, and its role in improving the institutions of criminal justice in the context of judicial decisions of ECHR and in Russian jurisdiction. ; Статья посвящена проблемам реализации и применения нового, закрепленного в законе принципа уголовно-процессуального законодательства – принципа разумного срока уголовного судопроизводства, который появился в федеральном законодательстве в 2010 году в статье 6.1 Уголовно-процессуального кодекса Российской федерации как реализация предписания Европейского суда по правам человека об обязательном включении в российскую правовую систему эффективного средства борьбы с нарушениями процессуальных сроков на всех стадиях уголовного процесса. В исследовании анализируются понятие разумного срока, причины его законодательного закрепления, также его роль в совершенствовании институтов уголовного судопроизводства в контексте судебных постановлений ЕСПЧ и практики судов в России.

The subject of research is the implementation of covert activities in criminal proceedings through the prism of international acts, decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.The purpose of the work is to formulate common standards for ensuring the legality of implementing covert activities in criminal process through the prism of legal positions of the European Court Of Human Rights.The methodological basis or research isthe totality of general and special scientific methods of scientific cognition. The formal-legal (legal-technical) method was used to study the rules of law, to analyze the features of legal technique; and the hermeneutical method revealed the legal content of the norms, legislative proposals and defects in legal regulation. The statistical method helped to generalize judicial practice of ECHR. While building up the system of the standards for the ensuring the legality of implementing covert activities in criminal process we used the system-structural method.The main results and conclusions. The analysis of the legal positions of the ECHR made it possible to conditionally single out the following standards for ensuring the legality of the implementation of covert activity in criminal proceedings:– predictability. Its essence lies in the fact that the grounds, procedural order, conditions, timing, the circle of persons and crimes in relation to which it is allowed to carry out covert activities should be as detailed, clear and accurate as possible in the criminal procedural legislation. Moreover, any person had the opportunity to familiarize himself with the relevant regulatory prescriptions and foresee the actions that can be carried out in relation to him;– warranty against abuse. The content of this standard can be disclosed by more detailed highlighting of clarifying provisions ("substandards"). These include: control of interference in human rights and freedoms; the certainty of the circle of persons in relation to whom it is possible to carry out secret activities; limited corpus ...

Раздел "Международное право" - рубрика "Права человека" ; В статье рассматривается право на публичное разбирательство уголовных и гражданских дел, предусмотренное в пункте 1 статьи 6 Европейской конвенции о защите прав человека и основных свобод. На основании практики Европейского суда по правам человека определяется содержание данного права, рассматриваются минимальные требования к публичной процедуре в судах первой и вышестоящих инстанций, право на публичное оглашение судебных решений, а также правомерные исключения из правила о гласности процесса. Параллельно проводится сопоставление данного права с национальным законодательством в рамках уголовного, административного, гражданского и хозяйственного процесса. По результатам исследования сделан вывод о том, что национальные нормы в основном соответствуют Конвенции и развиваются в ее русле, однако некоторые из них нуждаются в изменении. Наиболее существенные изменения возможно внести в статьи 382 и 411 УПК, ограничивающие публичность процедуры рассмотрения дел в кассационной и надзорной инстанциях. В национальное законодательство может быть перенесено правило об отступлении от принципа публичности при рассмотрении исключительно по вопросам права «гражданских» дел в судах первой инстанции (главы 27 ГПК и 20 ХПК), что будет способствовать процессуальной экономии. = The article takes up the right to a public hearing in the determination of civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge under Article 6 (paragraph 1) of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights gives grounds for determining the substance of this right, reviewing the minimum requirements of public procedure in the courts of first and higher instances, the right to a public announcement of a court decision and also lawful exceptions to the rule of public hearing. Simultaneously, the comparison of this right with the national legislation in the criminal, administrative, civil and economic order is carried out. As a result of the research a conclusion is made that national norms for the most part conform with the Convention and are developed in its channel but some of them should be changed. The most significant changes might be made in articles 382 and 411 of the Criminal code limiting the publicity of the procedure of a case hearing in the courts of cassation and supervision instances. National legislation should incorporate the rule on the departure from the principle of publicity in the cases concerned exclusively with the questions of «civil» law in the courts of first instance (chapter 27 of the Code of civil procedure and 20 of the Code of economic procedure), which that would help to save on procedure.

The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the use of artificial intelligence and possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the work is to study possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. The tasks of the master's work: to determine the concept of artificial intelligence and to identify the challenges that makes the application of artificial intelligence; to consider the European Convention on Human Rights as the main instrument for protecting the right to privacy; on the basis of judicial practice to analyse the problem of privacy of personal life, guaranteed by Article 8 of the ECHR, in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. There were used the dialectical method, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The European Convention on Human Rights establishes human rights and freedoms, obliging each member country that has ratified this agreement to guarantee them. Many governments and regions recognize the fundamental nature of the rights protected by Article 8 of the ECHR. The use of artificial intelligence is fraught with a number of dangers and legal problems. It leads to a narrowing of the sphere of privacy and there's the need to establish at the legislative level the conditions for the limits of its application. The closer AI programs get to human skills – thinking and creativity, the more damage will be done to human rights protected by Art. 8 ECHR. It is necessary to find the right balance between technical development and the protection of human rights.

The object of the master's work is public relations that arise in connection with the use of artificial intelligence and possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the work is to study possible violations of human rights in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. The tasks of the master's work: to determine the concept of artificial intelligence and to identify the challenges that makes the application of artificial intelligence; to consider the European Convention on Human Rights as the main instrument for protecting the right to privacy; on the basis of judicial practice to analyse the problem of privacy of personal life, guaranteed by Article 8 of the ECHR, in connection with the use of artificial intelligence. There were used the dialectical method, the methods of formal logic, the comparative legal method, the system method and other methods of cognition. The European Convention on Human Rights establishes human rights and freedoms, obliging each member country that has ratified this agreement to guarantee them. Many governments and regions recognize the fundamental nature of the rights protected by Article 8 of the ECHR. The use of artificial intelligence is fraught with a number of dangers and legal problems. It leads to a narrowing of the sphere of privacy and there's the need to establish at the legislative level the conditions for the limits of its application. The closer AI programs get to human skills – thinking and creativity, the more damage will be done to human rights protected by Art. 8 ECHR. It is necessary to find the right balance between technical development and the protection of human rights.