Suchergebnisse

En els darrers decennis s'ha incrementat la pobresa infantil a la gran majoria de societats avançades, i aquest fet causa profunda preocupació entre els defensors i activistes dels drets de la infància, alhora que una creixent inquietud entre els analistes polítics i socials. Les informacions sobre la pobresa infantil a Europa comentades al llarg d'aquest article es refereixen a dades de pobresa monetària o relativa. En parlar de pobresa relativa no ens referim a persones que siguin necessàriament pobres, sinó que la seva situació monetària es troba per sota d'uns determinats nivells en relació amb la mitjana del seu país o col·lectiu social. ; Child poverty has increased in most advanced countries over the last few decades, a fact that is deeply worrying to defenders and activists on the rights of the child, while at the same time there is growing concern among political and social analysts. Information on child poverty in Europe given throughout this article refers to data on financial or relative poverty. By relative poverty is not meant people who are necessarily poor, but to those whose financial situation is below certain levels in relation to the average for their country or social group. ; En los últimos decenios se ha incrementado la pobreza infantil en la gran mayoría de sociedades avanzadas, y este hecho está causando una profunda preocupación entre los defensores y activistas de los derechos de la infancia, a la vez que una creciente inquietud entre los analistas políticos y sociales. Las informaciones sobre la pobreza infantil en Europa comentadas a lo largo de este artículo se refieren a datos de pobreza monetaria o relativa. Al hablar de pobreza relativa no nos referimos a personas que sean necesariamente pobres, sino que su situación monetaria se encuentra por debajo de unos determinados niveles en relación con la media de su país o colectivo social.

Gegenstand meines Beitrages ist die Frage, wie Familien Sinn und Bedeutung des Begriffes "Familie" konstruieren. Die hier vorgestellte Theorie geht auf die Analyse von vier früheren qualitativen Untersuchungen zurück, in denen individuelle Interviews mit Mitgliedern von insgesamt 14 Familien unterschiedlicher sozioökonomischer Herkunft in Caracas, Venezuela, durchgeführt wurden. In jedem einzelnen Fall wurden Mitglieder aus drei unterschiedlichen Generationen interviewt, in deren Erzählungen auch Bezüge zu weiteren Familienmitgliedern deutlich wurden. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutsamkeit von Familie in den Narrationen der Befragten, wobei jeweils nachvollziehbar wurde, in welcher Weise der jeweilige Familienbegriff mit Herkunft und Struktur dieser sozialen Institution verbunden ist: Für diejenigen Interviewpartner(innen), die am ehesten der Mittelschicht angehören, spielt die Familie und deren Struktur eine essenzielle Rolle sowohl für die Erziehung der Kinder als auch allgemeiner für soziale Stabilität. Im Fall von Unterschichtsangehörigen spielten intergenerationelle Tradition und Erfahrung eine deutlich hervorgehobene Rolle für deren Familienkonstruktion. Zugleich unterstrichen Mitglieder der zweiten und dritten Generation insbesondere die Lebensstil-bezogenen Unterschiede zur ersten Generation.

Ponencia de 6th International Conference on Intercultural Education "Education and Health: From a transcultural perspective" ; The bullying has affected many educational systems. The scientific community has studied the phenomenon and has developed many studies attempting to explain their etiology and operation. Administrations have developed policy and legislative initiatives, to sort out this need and social problems. This paper tries to investigate the bullying phenomenon in Andalusia. Students who are immigrants and who are in the 4th level of Elementary Education, do not know the Spanish language The study took data from Andalusian students who participated in the 2011 edition of the PIRLS assessment (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study). This evaluation has involved more than 4300 students in 150 selected schools. The data are about the level of reading comprehension. Previously, their mother tongues have been identified. The results show a higher rate of bullying in immigrant students than in the rest of the population, a lower yield. However the results don't imply that the student had been victims of bullying. There is a need to sort out these problems and we must continue investigating them in order to understand and provide solutions

Large families faces lots of various problems. Families changing their everyday behavior and values in order to adapt to everyday changes. No matter that, in those families are still strong beliefs in lithuanian traditions. If we want to save that, special government and regional policy focus on it is necessary. But mostly an large family is identified like an social risk family these days. Lots of people think that social risk families are using all the possible benefits, in example, the kids of large families are free of the charges of kindergartens, receiving an free feeding in the schools or receiving sponsorships from the government or other resources. In the result, those large families have enough finances to live everyday life and they are not trying to get a job and become independent ones. That is the reason why in our country the number of families, which cannot take care of themselves without government funding, is increasing. Problematic questions: 1. What kind of factors make an influence to large families become an social risk families? 2. If the social workers providing social facilities satisfy the expectations of large families? Object – large families expectations to the social facilities. The aim of the work – to analyze the expectations of large families to receive an social guarantees. Task in the work: 1. To discuss about the definition of the family, their functions and changes in the evolution of modern society; 2. To identify the problems with which large families confront; 3. To analyze the expectations of the risk group belonging large families about the social facilities and the needs to have it. After researches were made and literature was analyzed, it is possible to make conclusions. It is necessary to make good conditions, especially for large families, and let them function normally. Also it is important to defend families from the critical situations and try to make adaptation to various changes easier. It should be noticed that the main problem with which large family faces is poverty and lack of finances to satisfy the needs of all family members. The large families suffer from condemnatory reaction of society. Moreover, they are often compared with social risk families. Also analyzing the data of the research was noticed that if family participating in non-government organization of large families association activity, it helps to solve lots of problems and to save large families from becoming an social risk family.

Large families faces lots of various problems. Families changing their everyday behavior and values in order to adapt to everyday changes. No matter that, in those families are still strong beliefs in lithuanian traditions. If we want to save that, special government and regional policy focus on it is necessary. But mostly an large family is identified like an social risk family these days. Lots of people think that social risk families are using all the possible benefits, in example, the kids of large families are free of the charges of kindergartens, receiving an free feeding in the schools or receiving sponsorships from the government or other resources. In the result, those large families have enough finances to live everyday life and they are not trying to get a job and become independent ones. That is the reason why in our country the number of families, which cannot take care of themselves without government funding, is increasing. Problematic questions: 1. What kind of factors make an influence to large families become an social risk families? 2. If the social workers providing social facilities satisfy the expectations of large families? Object – large families expectations to the social facilities. The aim of the work – to analyze the expectations of large families to receive an social guarantees. Task in the work: 1. To discuss about the definition of the family, their functions and changes in the evolution of modern society; 2. To identify the problems with which large families confront; 3. To analyze the expectations of the risk group belonging large families about the social facilities and the needs to have it. After researches were made and literature was analyzed, it is possible to make conclusions. It is necessary to make good conditions, especially for large families, and let them function normally. Also it is important to defend families from the critical situations and try to make adaptation to various changes easier. It should be noticed that the main problem with which large family faces is poverty and lack of finances to satisfy the needs of all family members. The large families suffer from condemnatory reaction of society. Moreover, they are often compared with social risk families. Also analyzing the data of the research was noticed that if family participating in non-government organization of large families association activity, it helps to solve lots of problems and to save large families from becoming an social risk family.

The aim of this master's paper is to analize family's role changes in both European Union and Lithuania. The object of the research is to estimate what factors influence people to start living together before marriage.

The aim of this master's paper is to analize family's role changes in both European Union and Lithuania. The object of the research is to estimate what factors influence people to start living together before marriage.

Este artículo propone una reflexión sobre uno de los debates que está generando una importante producción teórica y empírica en los últimos años: los cuidados. Para ello, en primer lugar, se explora la especificidad de los cuidados ampliando el enfoque desde un punto de vista que incluya, además de los aspectos materiales, aspectos afectivos y morales. Se destaca la transversalidad y enorme complejidad de los cuidados por las diferentes dimensiones que operan en dicho concepto. En segundo lugar, se revisa como se están reestructurando los cuidados en nuestra sociedad a partir de las transformaciones que ha provocado la llegada masiva y duradera de mujeres al mercado laboral, a la par que son las familias las principales responsables del cuidado de una población cada vez más envejecida, de niños y otras personas frágiles. Hasta tiempos muy recientes las familias han asumido los cuidados de sus miembros asignando a las mujeres de diferentes generaciones quienes han articulado sus solidaridades con la ayuda pública disponible o recurriendo al mercado para cubrir las necesidades de sus familiares. Sin embargo, ante el déficit en la provisión de los cuidados que parece avecinarse en un futuro no muy lejano esta situación difícilmente será sostenible. La propuesta del cuidado social permite depositar en las instituciones el peso de la articulación entre las solidaridades privadas y las solidaridades públicas en el reparto de los cuidados para que la sociedad en su conjunto pueda adaptarse a la participación generalizada de las mujeres en el trabajo remunerado. Ello implica un replanteamiento de la responsabilidad moral y política de los cuidados. --- ; This article proposes a reflection on a debate that is generating an important theorical and empirical production: the care. In the first place, the specificity of care is explored from a point of view that includes, besides the material aspects, affective and moral ones. It stands out the complexity of care at the different dimensions that operate in this concept. Second: care is changing in our society, starting from the massive and durable arrival of women to the labor market. In the families women are mainly responsible or caring for aged population, children and other fragile people. As to this moment care has not been reorganized among the genders, they have been the women of different generations who have articulated its solidarities with available state help or appealing to the market to cover the necessities of its relatives. Howevwe, the graving deficit in the provision of family care seems to approach a point of not sustainability in the near future. Propoal of "social care" offer institutional articulation between private solidarities and public duties in the allotment of family care so tha society in general can bear to the participation of women in the labour work. This implying the return of moral responsibility in the politics of care. ; Publicado

Las relaciones entre las familias y la escuela se inscriben en la articulación entre dos instituciones con asimetría de poder y en un contexto social y político que las sitúa en el debate entre intereses públicos y privados. Aunque deben considerarse espacios yuxtapuestos, a menudo lo que se percibe es la separación, la distancia, cuando no el conflicto, entre ambos. Y esto comporta que el territorio de la escuela y el de la familia se vigile, se controle, por la amenaza de invasión o intrusión. El artículo analiza la participación de los progenitores de origen inmigrante en la escuela en España.Realizando una breve referencia a la legislación, se centra en la situación organizativa confederal, federal y asociativa (utilizando como fuente de información datos propios obtenidos en cinco grupos de discusión organizados en los diferentes niveles organizativos) y, por último, se aproxima la realidad de las Asociaciones de Padres de Alumnos (a través de una encuesta a 594 presidentes de asociaciones).Además de constatar la baja participación general y, en particular, la de las familias de origen inmigrante (menor entre unos orígenes que entre otros) se evidencia la necesidad de trabajar para incorporarlos al movimiento de padres, hecho que se considera imprescindible para su desarrollo. ; The relationships between families and the school are those of two institutions with asymmetry of power and based on a social and political context which places them in the debate between public and private interests.Although they should not be considered juxtaposed places, what is often perceived is the separation, distance and even conflict between them.This also means that the territory occupied by the school and the family are watched over and controlled against the threat of invasion or intrusion. This article analyses the participation of immigrant-origin parents in school in Spain.After a brief reference to current legislation, it focuses on the confederal, federal and associative organizational situation, using as a source of information the data obtained from five discussion groups organized on the different organizational levels.Then, the paper concentrates on the situation in Parents' Associations (through a survey carried out with 594 presidents of these associations).Apart from verifying the low general participation,which is more evident among immigrant origin families and lower among certain origins than others, the need to work in order to incorporate them into parents' associations is shown, a fact that is also considered essential for their development.

Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst den Prozess der Familiengestaltung, ausgehend vom Begriff der Familie als sozialer Institution, mit dem Ziel und Zweck eines Menschenrechts. Dadurch gewinnt der Begriff eine konkrete Dimension und konkrete verbürgte Inhalte, die spezifisch verfassungsrechtlich und gerichtlich geschützt werden. ; We hereby study the process of family shaping, from its perception as a social institution, as a holder and subject to human rights, which credits it with a scope and particular content toward a specific constitutional and case law protection. ; Se aborda el proceso de configuración de la familia, a partir de su concepción como institución social, como titular y objeto de derechos humanos, lo que le dota de una dimensión y unos contenidos concretos garantizados por una protección constitucional y jurisprudencial específicos.

Presentación ; La descentralización y sus perspectivas ; Descentralization and perspectives ; Aragort Solórzano, Yubirí ; La repolitización en la nueva gestión pública ; Repolitization in new public management ; Pérez Parra, Wladimir ; Pobreza, economía y familias en el Perú ; Poverty, economy and families in Perú ; Muñoz Portugal, Ismael ; X Jornadas de federalismo, descentralización y municipio ; Globalización, lugarización y buen gobierno. El papel de lo local ; Globalization, "lugarización" and good government ; Rivas Leone, José Antonio ; El municipio en los tiempos de la aldea global ; Municipality in times of global village ; Hernández Becerra, Augusto ; Límites e incertidumbres en torno al cambio mundial, la política y la globalización ; Boundaries and doubts regarding world change, politics and globalization ; Aguilar, Vladimir ; Sobre la globalización, la lugarización y el pequeño municipio ; Globalization, lugarización (localization) and small municipality ; Brewer-Carías, Allan R. ; La sostenibilidad, en el contexto de la dominante globalización, como referente en el nuevo modelo de ciudad ; Sustentability, in the framework of dominant globalization, as reference in the new model of city ; Villegas Moreno, José Luis ; Índice Acumulado de Autores ; 53-64 ; gmunoz@pucp.edu.pe ; semestral ; Nivel analítico

Family support politics is the complex of governmental institution actions and social economical measures. These measures are intended to shape the structure and good quality life of family. Lately many European countries started paying more attention to the politics of the family. More and more countries recognize the importance and need of taking an active part in it. There are enough delegated legislations which accurately and clearly define family development and situation of family life in Lithuania. Most of the objectives of those documents are oriented towards current family problems and deals with contemporary world view and politics of the family. On the other hand, realization of those objectives is still a problem in Lithuania. That is why contemporary family politics is understood in narrow meaning: that it is oriented only towards development of financial support to families that have children. Seeking to ensure welfare of the families in Lithuania, government provides the following support: pregnancy, motherhood/ fatherhood vocations, benefits are paid, onetime payments are paid after the birth of the child, payments for families that have many children, payments and social support for needy families. Additional social support might be given to school children who are from families with lower income. In spite of all the changes some support forms are still problematic. For instance, provision of accommodation, child care services, more flexile work schedules. Quantitative analysis defining women's view to support forms for family in Lithuania is presented in this thesis. The main objective is to find out what women living in Vilnius and raising children think about government's support for family. Research revealed that regardless of woman's education and financial status, support for family is evaluated negatively and it is thought that the support is not adequate. Only a small number of women thought differently. This research was also designed to find out the most valuable family support forms. The results show that financial support is especially needed in the first years after the birth of the child. Also the results prove that it is important to create work places with flexible schedules so that working parents could combine work and family. That's why we can make assumptions that in Lithuania we have a need for contemporary family support forms, where main political measures would be oriented towards welfare of children from families with both working parents.

Family support politics is the complex of governmental institution actions and social economical measures. These measures are intended to shape the structure and good quality life of family. Lately many European countries started paying more attention to the politics of the family. More and more countries recognize the importance and need of taking an active part in it. There are enough delegated legislations which accurately and clearly define family development and situation of family life in Lithuania. Most of the objectives of those documents are oriented towards current family problems and deals with contemporary world view and politics of the family. On the other hand, realization of those objectives is still a problem in Lithuania. That is why contemporary family politics is understood in narrow meaning: that it is oriented only towards development of financial support to families that have children. Seeking to ensure welfare of the families in Lithuania, government provides the following support: pregnancy, motherhood/ fatherhood vocations, benefits are paid, onetime payments are paid after the birth of the child, payments for families that have many children, payments and social support for needy families. Additional social support might be given to school children who are from families with lower income. In spite of all the changes some support forms are still problematic. For instance, provision of accommodation, child care services, more flexile work schedules. Quantitative analysis defining women's view to support forms for family in Lithuania is presented in this thesis. The main objective is to find out what women living in Vilnius and raising children think about government's support for family. Research revealed that regardless of woman's education and financial status, support for family is evaluated negatively and it is thought that the support is not adequate. Only a small number of women thought differently. This research was also designed to find out the most valuable family support forms. The results show that financial support is especially needed in the first years after the birth of the child. Also the results prove that it is important to create work places with flexible schedules so that working parents could combine work and family. That's why we can make assumptions that in Lithuania we have a need for contemporary family support forms, where main political measures would be oriented towards welfare of children from families with both working parents.