The paper deals with the history of economic development of the film industry in the United States during the First World War. The beginning of XX century seems to be a very special stage of cinema development, in particular from the point of the history of national economy, since exactly at this time took place a formation of the world film market, and cinema for the first time was used not only as a commodity but also as an instrument of mass propaganda. The purpose of article is to trace the development of the American film business and its key aspects in the early XX century and during the war, based on the analysis of the relevant literature. Film industry is considered as a system of production, distribution and exhibition of audiovisual products. This article contains the conclusions concerning the global expansion of the US film industry in a specified period. Also substantiated the fact that the middle 1900s became an extremely important period in the development of the American film industry, during which the basics of the classical Hollywood business model were established.
The work is devoted to the study of the film music of one of the bright composers of the twentieth century, Alfred Garrievich Schnittke. The music scores of the composer for feature films, TV films and documentaries of major Russian film directors are in the center of attention. Among them there are E. Klimov, I. Talankin, A. Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky, Y. Karasik. In this work, the author used a "multi-step" principle of analysis: from the literary source and the actual director's revealing of the plot to the composer's music scores and music in the film, regarded as similar but not identical "texts".
В настоящее время цифровые технологии позволяют активно использовать в образовательном процессе самые разные визуальные средства. Однако, как показывает опыт, преподаватели иностранных языков довольно редко включают просмотр кинолент в процесс обучения. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в описании роли художественных фильмов в формировании социокультурной компетенции и определении их места в процессе обучения немецкому языку. Для достижения указанной цели были проанализированы актуальные исследования о фильмах как средстве формирования социокультурной компетенции. Анализ показал, что они могут служить не только средством повышения мотивации, но и богатейшим источником социокультурных знаний, зачастую компенсируя информационные пробелы в учебниках. На эмпирическом этапе исследования был проведен опрос среди студентов, изучающих немецкий язык, и выявлены основные тенденции в использовании аутентичных художественных фильмов - студенты мало знакомы с немецким кинематографом, невысоко ценят актуальность фильмов, а преподаватели редко предлагают их к просмотру, ограничиваясь при этом лишь несколькими известными картинами. Таким образом, предположение о весьма скромной роли фильмов в процессе обучения немецкому было подтверждено эмпирически. В заключение даны рекомендации об использовании немецкоязычных художественных кинолент, обладающих богатым дидактическим потенциалом для развития социокультурной компетенции. Nowadays, digital technology allow to actively use a variety of visual media in an educational process. However, the experience shows that foreign language teachers rather rarely include movies in their lessons. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of feature films in the development of sociocultural competence and to determine their place in teaching German. In order to achieve this goal, we analyzed the current research works on films as a means of development of sociocultural competence. The analysis showed that movies not only increase motivation, but can also be a rich source of sociocultural knowledge that often compensates for information gaps in textbooks. At the empirical stage we made a survey among the students studying German and revealed the main trends in the usage of authentic feature films. Students know little about German cinematography, value low the relevance of films, and teachers rarely offer films for watching, limiting themselves to a few famous films. Thus, our assumption about the very modest role of films in the German learning process was confirmed empirically. We conclude with recommendations for German-language feature films that have rich didactic potential for the development of sociocultural competence.
In recent decades, financial science actively covers new segments of the financial system that have not been studied previously. One of such areas is the analysis of impact of news on pricing in particular sectors of the stock market. The paper is related to this direction and aims to reveal the influence of news on stock price performance of companies in the U. S. film industry. To reach the goal we employed the abnormal return and trade volume analysis method, as well as multiple linear regressions. Basing on the results of the calculations, we provide the estimations of the general level of return and trade volume reaction on the release of positive and negative news. The significance of the obtained results showed the possibility of their application in practical investment activity, which makes them useful for individual and corporate investors, and fund managers who consider this sector as the possible destination for funds investment. The revealed mechanisms represent a good base for further research of the film industry in different countries and similar market segments.
The study involved the fabrication of films with different roughness and scaffolds made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using various methods. Chaotic and oriented scaffolds with varying fiber thickness were obtained through the electrospinning method, depending on the polymer concentration and electrospinning parameters. Films with different surface roughness were obtained using spin coating and self-assembly methods. It was demonstrated that the varying microstructure of the surface does not affect the growth of mesenchymal stem cells over the course of a week; however, it does influence the morphology of the adhered cells.
We present here a novel method for formation of laterally-oriented monolayers of plasmonic silver nanoplates and their electrostatic ensembles with semiconductor quantum dots. Monolayers were electrostatically deposited on the surface of thin polymeric film containing different amount of tertiary amino groups. This method allows simultaneously investigate optical properties and morphology of silver nanoplates using transmittance electron microscopy. The optical density of films and surface concentration of silver nanoplates is proportional to the percentage of tertiary amino groups in the polymeric film. A surface ligand exchange was used for functionalization of the surface of silver nanoplates toward formation of electrostatic ensembles with colloidal quantum dots. We observed a straight correlation between the red shift of surface plasmon resonances in silver nanoplates and alkyl chain length of ligand molecules.
The luminescent hydrophobic composite films based on nanocellulose matrix with up-conversion SrF2 :Ho or CaF2 :Ho particles have been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy techniques. The size distributions of cellulose nanoparticles in homogeneous aqueous dispersions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and TEMPO-oxidized nanocellulose (TOCN) were determined. Flexible, durable, translucent composite films were obtained by molding from the said CNC/CNF or TOCN suspensions and up-conversion particles. Optical transmission, spectral-luminescent properties, surface morphology, degree of polymerization, structure and crystallinity index of nanocellulose, surface hydrophobization conditions of the said CNC/CNF or TOCN composite films have been determined. The manufactured up-conversion hydrophobic composite films can be utilized as potential photonics materials (in particular, materials for the visualization of near-infrared laser radiation), as luminescent labels, luminescent detectors, etc.
Modern technologies of photonics, astrophysics, medicine and security systems have a demand for development of new types of sensitive detectors and/or optimization of existing ones. As an example, a strong demand exists for improvement of the characteristics of highly sensitive detectors based on superconducting materials. One way to optimize the performance of such detectors is to select a suitable superconducting material. This is due to the fact that the technical characteristics of devices are determined by relaxation mechanisms of nonequilibrium processes that occur in the material upon absorption of electromagnetic radiation. In this paper, we focused on the study of the relaxation of nonequilibrium processes in superconducting materials such as highly boron-doped polycrystalline diamond films, highly disordered titanium nitride (TiN) films and ultrathin amorphous tungsten silicide films (WSi). The experimental data allowed us to determine the temperature dependence of the inelastic relaxation time in the studied materials. These results can help us to evaluate the applicability of these materials for the different types of superconducting detectors.
In this article on a basis of Erving Hoffman's frame analysis the image of «Alien» in modern fantastic movies is considered. The primary social frame of «Alien» comes to light, and medieval and modern imaginary «Aliens» are compared as secondary frames.
This paper demonstrates an example of a successful upgrade of a JEOL JEM-2100 analytical transmission electron microscope to a low-resolution cryo-electron microscope designed for routine tasks of sample preparation and quality evaluation. As a result of the upgrade, the instrument allows the subnanometer resolution of protein molecule reconstructions (within 8 Å). The influence of graphene and amorphous carbon support films to prevent the effect of preferred orientation of protein particles in the frozen sample is discussed.
