Suchergebnisse

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In France, most patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have been treated by buprenorphine, prescribed by general practitioners (GP) in private practice since 1996. This has contributed to building a 'French model' facilitating access to treatment based on the involvement of GPs in buprenorphine prescription. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Our study aimed to assess whether the involvement of primary care in OUD management has changed lately. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Using data from the French National Health Insurance database, we conducted a yearly repeated cross-sectional study (2009–2015) and described proportion of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT)-prescribing GPs and OMT-dispensing community pharmacies (CP); and number of patients by GP or CP. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Whereas the number of buprenorphine-prescribing GPs in private practice remained quite stable (decrease of 3%), a substantial decrease in buprenorphine initial prescribers among private GPs was observed. In 2009, 10.3% of private GPs (6,297 from 61,301 French private GPs) prescribed buprenorphine for the initiation of a treatment, whereas they were 5.7% (<i>n</i> = 3,539 from 62,071 private GPs) in 2015 (43.8% decrease). GPs issuing initial prescriptions of buprenorphine tended to care for a higher number of patients treated by buprenorphine (14.6 ± 27.1 patients in 2009 to 16.0 ± 35.4 patients in 2015). The number of CPs dispensing buprenorphine remained quite stable (decrease of 2%), while there was a 7.5% decrease in the total number of French CPs across the study period. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results suggest that primary care providers seem less engaged in buprenorphine initiation in OUD patients, while CPs have not modified their involvement towards these patients.

Society has always been a factor that determines the way how public management evolves and adjust. We can appreciate this in history, checking how public management has had an evolution to be able to respond to the moments the society is facing. In stages of public management such as prebureaucratic, bureaucratic and post bureaucratic we can easily analyze how public management adjust itself to the moment the society was living, in order to embrace their needs and find efficient solutions to their problems. The last government of Colombia, expressed in his acceptance and possession speech, that they were bringing a new public management to the country one that would finally adjust to society needs called "Good Government". And here is when this document comes to life, it will try to identify if the "new" public management model establish by Colombia's last government is a new and fresh idea or just a gathering of other existent models in the world. Different factor will be analyzed to get the needed information to differentiate and determine the most important aspects of each model. For this we will take as a basis both of governments acceptance speech, for its two periods 2010-2014 and 2014-2018 and a comparison between all models will be done. ; A sociedade tem sido sempre um fator determinante na forma como a gestão publica evolui. Isto pode ser apreciado na história, ao ver como a gestão publica tem tido uma evolução para conseguir responder e dar uma solução às necessidades que a sociedade apresente. Nas fases da gestão publica tais como a pre-burocrática, burocrática e a post-burocrática é possível analisar como a gestão publica sempre se tem ajustado ela própria ao momento que a sociedade está a viver, para assim conseguir atingir e solucionar as suas necessidades e encontrar soluções eficientes para os seus problemas. O último governo Colombiano, no seu discurso de aceitação e posse, comprometeu-se a trazer consigo um novo modelo de gestão publica ao país, um modelo que finalmente ia ajustar-se às necessidades reais da sociedade colombiana, chamado "Bom Governo". É aqui que este trabalho nasce, tentaremos identificar este "novo" modelo de gestão publica que foi trazido à Colômbia pelo último governo, para assim determinar se na realidade é uma ideia inovadora ou se só termina por ser uma escolha de partes de outros modelos já estabelecidos. Vários fatores vão ser tomados em conta para poder obter a informação necessária e assim conseguir diferenciar os diferentes modelos e determinar os seus aspetos mais importantes. Para isto, se terá como base os dois discursos de aceitação do governo para os seus dois períodos 2010-2014 e 2014-2018.

THE COLD WAR. Flashpoint Trieste is the story of one year in one city as the Cold War begins. The Western Allies had captured the Adriatic port city before the Russians could reach it, but having survived the war, everybody is now desperate to make it through the liberation. Life is fast and violent, as former warring parties find common cause against the Soviet Union and the borders of the new Europe are being hammered out. Against this deadly backdrop of intelligence operations, escape and revenge, the British and Americans are locked into the opening salvoes of the Cold War on the beautiful shores of the Adriatic, opposing the Russians and Yugoslavs. This is the story of the first turbulent post-war year of lethal cat-and-mouse in south-eastern Europe, told through the stories of twelve men and women from seven different countries thrown together on a strategically vital frontier between East and West

The European Defence Agency (EDA) works in a policy area traditionally characterised by high diversity among actors regarding basic notions of what level of integration and which principles of interaction in the defence sector are appropriate for the EU, which countries should participate in defence cooperation, and what coordination mechanisms and instruments should be used. In all these dimensions, the EDA has been a flashpoint of institutional logics representing different visions of how various aspects of defence integration in the EU should be organised. There are tensions between the logic of supranational regulation and the logic of intergovernmental networking; between the logic of defence sovereignty and the logic of pooled defence resources; between the Europeanist and the Euro-Atlanticist logic; and finally between the logics of liberalisation and Europeanisation of the defence market. Studying the ways in which the collisions of institutional logics are being accommodated by the EDA can contribute to greater understanding of the emerging political order of European defence. Adapted from the source document.

Austria is frequently overlooked by Cold War historians, but this small landlocked country was the site of a number of East-West confrontations during the decade of occupation by the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1955. This article focuses on two of those incidents. In September and October 1950, Austria's Communist Party, supported by Soviet occupation forces, triggered a series of violent demonstrations throughout the country, ostensibly objecting to a new Wage and Price Agreement. Whether these strikes were part of a planned attempt to overthrow the central government is a question still debated. The article assesses the different views on this matter and the evidence available.

Austria is frequently overlooked by Cold War historians, but this small landlocked country was the site of a number of East-west confrontations during the decade of occupation by the United States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1955. This article focuses on two of those incidents. In September and October 1950, Austria's Communist Party, supported by Soviet occupation forces, triggered a series of violent demonstrations throughout the country, ostensibly objecting to a new Wage and Price Agreement. Whether these strikes were part of a planned attempt to overthrow the central government is a question still debated. The article assesses the different views on this matter and the evidence available. Adapted from the source document.

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the World Wide Web actively captures the entire global system of socio-economic and political relations. The number of network users is growing dynamically. The high-end population segments are youth and adolescents; nowadays they manifest both positive and negative trends in their development. One of such trends is the internet addiction disorder, which has been studied actively by the scientific community in recent years. However, the diagnostics of adolescent behavior in networks is studied insufficiently. Therefore, the authors set the task of developing a model that allows the detection of risks of the emergence and further growth of Internet addiction in adolescence. This is the indicator model, which includes a set of indicators (indexes) of a predominantly social nature. The paper also gives a brief overview of the methods of studying non-chemical dependencies and substantiates the approach to the formation of an indicator model for measuring the risks of the emergence of Internet addiction, developed by the Department of Sociology and Social Technologies of the Cherepovets State University. The paper presents the results of a sociological study conducted based on the developed model, which demonstrate the heuristic possibilities of the methodology. The materials of the paper are of significant interest to sociologists, psychologists, teachers and other professionals of humanitarian knowledge.