Suchergebnisse

Purpose This study aims to extract information and analyze the antecedents of Muslims following pilgrimage tours. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia shows that 87.18 per cent of the total population of Indonesia are Muslims. In addition to running the ruling of Islam and the pillars of Faith, Muslims also maintain the religious tourism. The form of religious tourism which is widely followed by the Muslims of Indonesia is to follow a pilgrimage to the tomb of the wali (Guardian), both wali limo and wali songo. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews of Muslims in Indonesia who had already attended pilgrimages to wali limo and/or wali songo. Findings The tourists are satisfied and have an intention to revisit the destination, and the interest of the community to follow religious tours is very large, as well as the opportunities to do business in this sector are still wide open. Various motives and benefits of following religious tours, as well as suggestions for improvements for religious tourism destination managers, as well as advice for the government were uncovered. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical contribution related to marketing management in religious tourism and a practical contribution for the managers of religious tourism. Research limitations/implications Further research can be done with a quantitative approach, as well as comparative studies between pilgrimages in Indonesia (developing countries) and pilgrimages in other developing countries or in developed countries can also be conducted. Practical implications For marketing practitioners, the results of this study can be used as a consideration to continue to improve services in the field of religious tourism in the country, given the potential for development is very large. Social implications There is a contribution from this study to the development of marketing science, particularly related to marketing management on religious tourism services. Originality/value This study offers new insight regarding factors influencing Muslims pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia.

Purpose This study aims to extract information and analyze the antecedents of Muslims following pilgrimage tours. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia shows that 87.18 per cent of the total population of Indonesia are Muslims. In addition to running the ruling of Islam and the pillars of Faith, Muslims also maintain the religious tourism. The form of religious tourism which is widely followed by the Muslims of Indonesia is to follow a pilgrimage to the tomb of the wali (Guardian), both wali limo and wali songo. Design/methodology/approach This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews of Muslims in Indonesia who had already attended pilgrimages to wali limo and/or wali songo. Findings The tourists are satisfied and have an intention to revisit the destination, and the interest of the community to follow religious tours is very large, as well as the opportunities to do business in this sector are still wide open. Various motives and benefits of following religious tours, as well as suggestions for improvements for religious tourism destination managers, as well as advice for the government were uncovered. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical contribution related to marketing management in religious tourism and a practical contribution for the managers of religious tourism. Research limitations/implications Further research can be done with a quantitative approach, as well as comparative studies between pilgrimages in Indonesia (developing countries) and pilgrimages in other developing countries or in developed countries can also be conducted. Practical implications For marketing practitioners, the results of this study can be used as a consideration to continue to improve services in the field of religious tourism in the country, given the potential for development is very large. Social implications There is a contribution from this study to the development of marketing science, particularly related to marketing management on religious tourism services. Originality/value This study offers new insight regarding factors influencing Muslims pilgrimage tourism in Indonesia.

ABSTRAK Kepatuhan mencuci tangan perawat merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap pencegahan terjadinya infeksi rumah sakit. Perawat memiliki andil yang sangat besar terhadap terjadinya penyebaran infeksi rumah sakit karena perawat berinteraksi langsung kepada pasien selama 24 jam. Kegagalan dalam melaksanakan cuci tangan sebelum kontak dengan pasien dan selama perawatan pasien, dapat menyebabkan terjadinya infeksi rumah sakit. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik, pengetahuan dan motivasi perawat dengan kepatuhan mencuci tangan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan desain cross - sectional. Responden yang digunakan sebanyak 97 responden dengan tehnik proportionated stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara karakteristik (umur) dengan kepatuhan cuci tangan (p=0,007, PR= 3,68), tingkat pendidikan dengan kepatuhan mencuci tangan (p=0,021, PR= 0,33), pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan cuci tangan (p=0,003, PR= 4,16) dan motivasi dengan kepatuhan cuci tangan (p=0,013). Untuk variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kepatuhan petugas mencuci tangan yaitu masa kerja dengan kepatuhan cuci tangan (p=0,139, PR= 2,04) dan jenis kelamin dengan kepatuhan perawat mencuci tangan (p=0,069, PR= 0,34). Simpulan yang diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan dan motivasi perawat di RSU Surya Husadha sangat signifikan terhadap kepatuhan perawat melakukan cuci tangan. Saran peneliti agar edukasi, bimbingan dan pengawasan kepada perawat tentang pelaksanaan cuci tangan terus ditingkatkan agar kepatuhan cuci tangan semakin baik sehingga kejadian infeksi rumah sakit dapat dicegah. Kata kunci: Karakteristik, pengetahuan, motivasi, kepatuhan mencuci tangan. ABSTRACT Nurse compliance in nurses washing their hands is one of the factors that has a major influence on the prevention of hospital infections. Nurses have a very large contribution to the spread of hospital infections because nurses interact directly with patients for 24 hours. Failure to carry out hand washing prior to contact with patients and during patient care, can cause hospital infections. In this study aims to determine the relationship between characteristics, knowledge and motivation of nurses with compliance to wash hands. This research is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. Respondents used were 97 respondents with proportionated stratified random sampling technique. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between characteristics (age) with hand washing compliance (p = 0.007, PR = 3.68), level of education with hand washing compliance (p = 0.021, PR = 0.33), knowledge with compliance hand washing (p = 0.003, PR = 4.16) and motivation with hand washing compliance (p = 0.013). For variables not related to compliance with hand washing officers, namely the length of service with compliance with washing hands (p = 0.139, PR = 2.04) and gender with compliance with nurses washing hands (p = 0.069, PR = 0.34). Conclusions obtained that the knowledge and motivation of nurses at Surya Husadha General Hospital are very significant to the compliance of nurses doing hand washing. Researchers suggest that education, guidance and supervision of nurses on the implementation of hand washing continue to be improved so that compliance with hand washing is better so that the incidence of hospital infections can be prevented. Keywords: Characteristics, knowledge, motivation, hand washing compliance.

This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections' history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People's Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair's disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission's decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools. ; Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana kotak kosong menang pada Pilkada Makassar 2018. Fenomena ini menjadi sejarah pemilu dimana satu kandidat gagal memenangkan pemilu. Sepuluh partai politik yang terdiri dari Partai Golongan Karya (Golkar), Partai Nasional Demokrat (NasDem), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P), Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB), Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Gerindra), Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura), Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), dan Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (PKPI), mempromosikan pasangan calon tunggal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pergerakan relawan kotak kosong dalam Pilkada Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling, dan menggunakan teori pergerakan sosial. Ada tiga bagian teori ini: 1) Teori keluhan. Kekecewaan publik atas diskualifikasi pasangan calon dan menganggap penyelenggara pemilu tidak adil; 2) Teori struktur mobilisasi. Menganalisis pergerakan relawan kotak kosong untuk menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan selama pemilihan; dan 3) Teori framing. Analisis isu yang digunakan dan metode untuk menyebarkan isu. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa fenomena kotak kosong pada Pilkada Makassar, berbeda dengan pilkada di daerah lain yang pasangan calon tunggal tidak memiliki lawan, di Makassar salah satu pasangan calon didiskualifikasi karena melakukan pelanggaran. Hal itu membuat masyarakat, pendukung, dan tim sukses kecewa dengan keputusan KPU. Kekecewaan ini juga mengakibatkan munculnya gerakan relawan kotak kosong. Gerakan relawan kotak kosong menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan melalui sosialisasi dari pintu ke pintu, leaflet, flyer, dan spanduk ajakan bertindak untuk memenangkan kotak kosong dan menggunakan media sosial dan media online sebagai alat kampanye.

This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islamyang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin

This study aims to understand and map the tourism industry and women's employment mobility in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Mandalika Kuta Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This study was a qualitative study using a case study approach with a group analysis unit. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informants are an optional or criterion-based selection. Informants in this study were 120 informants. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The informants in this study are not to represent the population but represent information. Data analysis was processed through three stages. The results of the study found that the tourism industry in the Special Economic Zone of Mandalika Kuta Lombok has encouraged the new job creation and job types that were previously unknown by the community. In the category of self-employment and wage employment, there is an increase in the number due to a decrease in the status of casual work. This is a sign that there are significant job changes and job mobility. This is caused by low wages, inconvenience at work, and family factors. With the creation of various types of new jobs and the pattern of employment mobility, the efforts of self-improvement are needed, especially in terms of education and skills. Provincial and District Governments need to conduct a study of the potential and employment opportunities needed for women in the tourism industry to create links and matches between various employment sectors in the tourism industry. ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami dan memetakan industri pariwisata dan mobilitas pekerjaan perempuan di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Mandalika Kuta Lombok. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan unit analisis kelompok. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Informan bersifat pilihan atau criterium based selection. Informan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 120 informan. Informan dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Informan penelitian tidak untuk mewakili populasi, tetapi mewakili informasi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga tahapan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa industri pariwisata di Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus Mandalika Kuta Lombok telah mendorong terciptanya lapangan pekerjaan baru dan jenis pekerjaan yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal oleh masyarakat. Pada kategori status pekerjaan dengan usaha sendiri dan pekerjaan upahan terjadi peningkatan jumlah karena terjadi penurunan pada status pekerjaan lepas. Hal ini sebagai penanda ada perubahan pekerjaan yang signifikan dan terjadinya mobilitas pekerjaan. Ini disebabkan oleh upah yang sedikit, ketidaknyaman dalam bekerja, dan faktor keluarga. Dengan terciptanya berbagai jenis pekerjaan baru dan terjadi pola mobilitas pekerjaan, maka diperlukan peningkatan diri terutama dalam hal pendidikan dan keterampilan. Pemerintah Provinsi dan Kabupaten perlu melakukan kajian tentang potensi dan peluang pekerjaan yang dibutuhkan bagi perempuan pada industri pariwisata sehingga terjadi link and match antara berbagai sektor pekerjaan pada industri pariwisata.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether performance management system (PMS) has a positive effect on organizational performance. Furthermore, it also investigates whether intellectual capital (IC) mediates PMS-organizational performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study is designed as a quantitative research employing a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Using an online survey, data are collected from the HEIs managers under the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, the Government of Indonesia (MRTH-GOI). This research uses a mediation model approach to test the indirect effect of IC. Findings The results reveal that PMS has a positive direct effect on organizational performance of the HEIs in Indonesia. Further analysis proves that IC partially mediates PMS-organizational relationship. Research limitations/implications This research is context-specific for Indonesia and caution should be used when generalizing it to other countries. It implies that the better the organizational performance of the HEIs, the better the quality of life in the society. PMS and IC play a crucial role in the era of knowledge economy. Practical implications The HEIs managers should design and implement a reliable PMS. They also should properly manage the IC (human capital, structural capital, relational capital) so that they can enhance organizational performance in areas of teaching, research and community service as the core business of the HEIs. Social implications As the global education competition has become a serious issue in each HEI in Indonesia, the results of this study contribute to providing an approach on how to achieve a better organizational performance which brings more benefits to the society. The HEIs display a strategic role in improving the quality of life of society. The knowledge economy requires society to enhance the quality of education at all levels. This research model and results provide empirical evidence of the importance of IC which mediates the relationship between PMS and organizational performance. When the HEIs in Indonesia implement this model of managing IC, the society will get more benefits in terms of the improvements in the quality of education, teaching, research and community service from the HEIs. The better the HEIs performance, the better the quality of life of the society in the era of knowledge economy. Originality/value This research brings together issues that are usually examined separately in previous studies. It employs a mediation research model to explore the central role of IC in PMS- organizational performance relationship which is rarely researched. This is also the first study exploring the three constructs of PMS, IC and organizational performance in the Indonesian HEIs research setting.

Many fishermen in Indonesia have not fully utilized marine resources properly. However, the government has several ways to improve the welfare of fishermen in other sectors than the fisheries; one of them is connecting between fishermen, coastal and tourism. Meninting of West Lombok is a strategic coastal village for the tourism sector. This village has started to develop tourist destinations since 2011, unfortunately, there is no data on fishermen as a real interest group. This study develops a research pattern on fishing communities which generally discusses the social resources of fishermen and the political aspects of fishing communities separately. This study used a qualitative approach to the social mapping method. Data obtained through interviews and observations of purposively selected informants. The data related to fishermen resources are in maps, followed by an analysis of their accessibility to policy. Spatial aspects strengthen their social resources, interests, and accessibilities to coastal tourism development. The results show that the social resources of fishermen of Meninting Village are unevenly distributed in five dusun (sub-villages). Indicators shown are; capital ownership, mastery of knowledge and skills, ownership of production equipment, use of science and technology, ability to diversify production, fishermen's sociopolitical relations and ability to recognize the economic prospects of coastal tourism. Fishermen who live in areas directly facing the sea have better social resources and firmer interests in coastal development. The accessibility of fishing groups is limited in the development policy. Only fishermen in sub-village located in a coastal area can show themselves as defenders. While the fishermen who live far from the beach tend to be latent or even apathetic. This study recommends the need for other social mapping studies on the characteristics of coastal communities and the need for the government to use the social mapping information of fishing communities to formulate policies that contain regional aspects in coastal tourism development. ; Nelayan belum menikmati dengan baik kesejahteraan dari sumber daya laut Indonesia. Cara-cara meningkatkan kesejahteraan nelayan di luar sektor perikanan sudah dimiliki oleh pemerintah. Salah satunya mengaitkan nelayan, pesisir dan wisata. Meninting di Lombok Barat adalah desa pesisir yang strategis di sektor pariwisata. Desa ini sudah mulai melakukan pengembangan destinasi wisata sejak tahun 2011, namun sayangnya tidak ada data mengenai nelayan sebagai kelompok kepentingan yang riil. Penelitian ini mengembangkan pola penelitian-penelitian tentang masyarakat nelayan pada umumnya yang membahas secara terpisah antara sumberdaya sosial nelayan dan aspek politik masyarakat nelayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pemetaan sosial. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap informan yang dipilih secara purposif. Data terkait dengan sumber daya nelayan disajikan dalam bentuk peta, diikuti dengan analisis mengenai aksesibilitas mereka terhadap kebijakan. Aspek spasial memperkuat sumberdaya sosial yang dimiliki nelayan, kepentingan dan aksesibilitas mereka terhadap pembangunan wisata pesisir. Penelitian menunjukkan sumber daya sosial nelayan di Desa Meninting tersebar tidak merata pada lima dusun. Indikator yang ditunjukkan adalah; kepemilikan modal, penguasaan pengetahuan dan keterampilan, kepemilikan alat produksi, penggunaan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, kemampuan diversifikasi hasil produksi, hubungan sosial-politik nelayan dan kemampuan untuk mengenali prospek ekonomi wisata pesisir. Nelayan yang tinggal di wilayah yang langsung berhadapan dengan laut memiliki sumberdaya sosial yang lebih baik dan kepentingan yang lebih tegas terhadap pembangunan pesisir. Aksesibilitas kelompok nelayan terbatas dalam kebijakan pembangunan tersebut. Hanya nelayan-nelayan di dusun pesisir yang mampu menunjukkan diri sebagai defenders. Sementara nelayan-nelayan yang tinggal berjauhan dari pantai cenderung latents atau bahkan apathetic. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kajian sosio-spasial lainnya mengenai karakteristik masyarakat pesisir dan perlunya pemerintah memanfaatkan informasi sosio-spasial masyarakat nelayan untuk merumuskan kebijakan-kebijakan yang memuat aspek kewilayahan dalam pembangunan wisata pesisir.

Many studies on rice landrace (Oryza sativa sbsp. indica) have been conducted by biodiversity, ethnobotany, and agroecology disciplines. The importance of rice landraces as genetic resources and the basics of human civilizations. Conservation landraces in Tumbang Datu and Pongbembe nowadays are affected by the following socio-cultural constraints: a) decline numbers of local varieties after the regional government-imposed funding to local communities to substitute new-high yield varieties, b) rice rites and landrace conservation are on the brink of extinction. This research explores daily behaviors that contribute to rice landrace conservations through the sociological approach of collective memory and symbolic interaction. Today's generations use new meanings and symbols of rice derived from collective memories and virtues. Various interviewees practice mnemonic devices (what, why, who, where, when, and how) that reflect foodways. According to Blumer, social structures are networks of interdependence among actors that place conditions on their actions. In these networks, people act and produce symbols and meanings of rice to interpret their situations and to have their own set in a localized process of social interpretation. Moreover, the Toraja language is used as a bridge in communicating the past, present, and future to strengthening collective identity. This research uses a qualitative method to explore rice landrace conservation using open-ended questions, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions. A free-listing method was followed to gather interviewees' collective memories of rice landraces. Findings show that a combination of methods, tradition-based conservation, and current scientific-technology-based conservation become a practice for promoting, educating, and stimulating the public and researchers to engage in landraces conservation. These findings suggest that the socio-cultural ecosystem and Blumer's social network support new networks to deliver science in agricultural innovation policy. The results showed that collective memories and foodways create ways that would benefit rice landrace conservation the most. ; Penelitian-penelitian mengenai padi lokal (Oryza sativa sbsp. indica) telah dilakukan oleh disiplin keragaman hayati, etnobotani, dan agroekologi. Padi lokal penting sebagai sumber daya genetika dan dasar berbagai peradaban manusia. Pada masa kini, konservasi varietas-varietas padi lokal di Tumbang Datu dan Pongmbembe menghadapi beberapa tantangan sosial budaya, antara lain a) penurunan jumlah varietas lokal setelah pemerintah kabupaten menyediakan varietas-varietas baru kepada masyarakat, dan b) konservasi dan ritus-ritus, yang menggunakan padi lokal, terancam punah. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perilaku sehari-hari yang dapat berkontribusi pada konservasi padi lokal, melalui pendekatan sosiologis terhadap memori kolektif dan interaksi simbolik. Generasi masa kini menggunakan makna dan simbol baru padi berdasarkan ingatan kolektif. Para informan mempraktikkan perangkat mnemonik yang mencerminkan foodways. Konsep struktur sosial menurut Blumer adalah jaringan saling ketergantungan antar-aktor, yang menempatkan kondisi pada tindakan aktor tersebut. Orang-orang bertindak dan menghasilkan simbol dan makna padi di dalam jaringan ini, untuk menafsirkan situasi mereka sendiri, dan memiliki device (perangkat) sendiri dalam proses interpretasi sosial. Bahasa Toraja juga berfungsi menjembatani dan mengkomunikasikan masa lalu, masa kini, dan masa depan, sekaligus memperkuat identitas kolektif. Bahasa Toraja digunakan sebagai jembatan untuk mengkomunikasikan masa lalu, masa kini, dan masa depan, demi memperkuat identitas kolektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengeksplorasi konservasi padi lokal, dengan menggunakan pertanyaan terbuka, wawancara mendalam, dan Diskusi Kelompok Terfokus. Metode free-listing digunakan untuk mengumpulkan ingatan kolektif para informan pada padi lokal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode kombinasi, yaitu konservasi berbasis tradisi dan konservasi berbasis teknologi ilmiah saat ini, menjadi praktik untuk mempromosikan, mendidik, dan melibatkan publik dan peneliti di dalam konservasi padi lokal. Selain itu, ekosistem sosio-budaya dan konsep jejaring sosial Blumer mendukung jejaring baru untuk mempromosikan ilmu pengetahuan di dalam kebijakan inovasi pertanian. Kesimpulan, ingatan kolektif dan foodways menciptakan cara yang paling bermanfaat bagi keberhasilan konservasi padi lokal.

The study of the kyai is always interesting to discuss, especially when it comes to politics. Because the study of clerics is a multidimensional statement. This means that the study of kyai can not only be seen from one aspect (kyai as a religious figure) but can be seen from other aspects (his views on politics). Therefore, the involvement of the kyai in the political process of the regional head election is inevitable, because the kyai is one of the local elites who can contribute to the process of political learning in democracy. With its charisma is able to provide knowledge to the community in making choices. However, the involvement of the kyai in politics can also have a negative impact on the learning of democratization, because it is not uncommon for the kyai who has close relations with his students to use these weapons to gain significant support that can divert the political choices of their students to win one of the candidates supported by the kyai the. Because the santri relationship with the kyai is not only limited to the world of pesantren, but also has an influence in determining political choices. Ideally in the realm of Democracy, aspirations should not be represented by elites in direct elections, the people are fully entitled to weigh, evaluate, and propose candidates for regional heads and choose who is suitable and considered worthy of being their leader through the processes and mechanisms that apply. Likewise with the regional head Candidates, their political rights should not be castrated by the existing elite by marginalizing the nominating exchange because they are not included in the nominated deliberations. However, this is not the case in Pamekasan and on the contrary, regional head candidates are determined by the existing elite (kyai) and submitted to political parties. So that regional head candidates do not come out of the conversion process within political parties but are born from external parties. At this point, there seems to be a process of duping because it is assumed that the people cannot choose an appropriate figure as their leader. This mindset is very hurting the course of political development in the country. Today's people are getting smarter, being able to distinguish which leaders are good or not. Therefore in determining the candidates, the people's aspirations should not be taken over by the elite. If this problem continues then it is at this point that the Democratic Fetus has been killed at the hands of the elite. ; Kajian tentang kyai selalu menarik untuk dibahas, apalagi jika berkaitan dengan politik. Karena kajian tentang kyai merupakan kaljian yang bersifat multidimensional. Artinya studi tentang kyai tidak hanya bisa dilihat dari satu aspek saja (kyai sebagai tokoh agama) akan tetapi bisa dilihat dari aspek yang lain (pandangannya dalam berpolitik). Oleh karena itu keterlibatan kyai dalam proses politik pemilihan kepala daerah tidak bisa dihindarkan, karena kyai merupakan salah satu elit local yang dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap proses pembelajaran politik dalam berdemokrasi. Dengan kharismanya mampu memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat dalam menentukan pilihan. Namun, keterlibatan kyai dalam politik juga bisa memberikan dampak negative dalam pembelajaran demokratisasi, karena tidak jarang kyai yang mempunyai hubungan erat dengan para santrinya menggunakan senjata tersebut untuk memperoleh dukungan yang signifikan yang bisa mengalihkan pilihan politik para santrinya untuk memenangkan salah satu kandidat yang didukung oleh kyai tersebut. Karena hubungan santri dengan kyai tidak hanya sebatas pada dunia pesantren, melainkan juga mempunyai pengaruh dalam menentukan pilihan politik. Idealnya di dalam alam Demokrasi, aspirasi tidak boleh diwakili oleh elit didalam pemilihan langsung, rakyat sepenuhnya berhak menimbang, menilai, serta mengajukan calon kepala daerah dan memilihnya siapa yang pantas dan dianggap layak sebagai pemimpinanya melalui proses dan mekanisme yang berlaku. Begitu juga dengan Calon kepala daerah, hak politiknya tidak boleh dikebiri oleh elit yang ada dengan cara meminggirkan dari bursa pencalonan karena tidak masuk dalam nominasi yang dimusyawarahkan. Namun tidak begitu dengan yang terjadi di Pamekasan dan justru sebaliknya, calon kepala daerah di tentukan oleh elit-elit (kyai) yang ada dan diajukannya kepada partai politik. Sehingga kandidat kepala daerah tidak keluar dari proses konversi didalam partai politik melainkan lahir dari kalangan ekternal elit partai. Didalam titik ini, terkesan ada proses pembodohan karena diasumsikan rakyat tidak bisa memilih figur yang layak sebagai pemimpinnya. Pola pikir demikian sangat melukai jalannya pembangunan politik di tanah air. Rakyat saat ini sudah semakin cerdas, bisa membedakan mana pemimpin yang bagus ataupun tidak. Oleh karenanya dalam penentuan calon, tidak selayaknya aspirasi rakyat diambil alih oleh elit. Jika masalah ini terus berlangsung maka didalam titik inilah Janin Demokrasi sudah terbunuh di tangan para elit.