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At the end of 1978 the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany showed its appreciation of the ICRC and of the work of the International Tracing Service at Arolsen by the award of the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit to the former directors of the International Tracing Service, namely, Mr. N. Burckhardt, who was director from 1955 to 1970, and Mr. A. de Cocatrix, director from 1970 to 1977.

In response to an invitation, the President of the Red Cross of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam paid a visit to the ICRC on 19 March. He was received by Mr. Roger Gallopin, President of the Executive Board, and Mr. Jean-Pierre Hocké, Director of the Department of Operations. Afterwards, he visited the League of Red Cross Societies where he was welcomed by Mr. Henrik Beer, Secretary General.

We have the honour to inform you that the International Committee of the Red Cross, on 6 June 1973, officially recognized the Mauritanian Red Crescent Society.The new Society formally applied for recognition by the International Committee on 5 March 1973. Its request was supported by its Statutes, the Mauritanian Government Decree recognizing the Mauritanian Red Crescent as a National Society auxiliary to the public authorities, and a report on the Society's activities.

From 17 July to 8 August 1971, Mr. Marcel A. Naville, President of the ICRC, accompanied by Mr. Georg Hoffmann, ICRC Delegate-General for Africa, went to Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal and Cameroon. The purpose of the trip was, on the one hand, to contact government authorities and Red Cross leaders in each country and, on the other, to visit the two ICRC regional delegations set up a year ago in Yaoundé and Addis Ababa.

Mention has been made in a previous number of the International Review that negotiations were being carried out between the Nigerian Government and the ICRC, following on that government's decision to put an end to the co-ordinating role which the International Committee had assumed for the relief action in territory under Nigerian control. At the end of August these negotiations were being pursued and we now give details of these below.

The International Committee of the Red Cross has received from the Federal Political Department in Berne a communication informing it that the Government of Sierra Leone has confirmed, under date of June 10, 1965, to the Swiss Federal Council, its participation in the Geneva Conventions of 1949, by a declaration of continuity. In fact, Sierra Leone considered itself bound by these Conventions since its accession to independence, namely April 27, 1961.

This article describes the adaptive participatory approach that was adopted to develop an ecosystem services framework for planning and natural resource management in South East Queensland (SEQ) Australia. SEQ is one of the fastest growing regions in Australia, placing strong development pressures on ecosystems and the environment. The SEQ Ecosystem Services Project addresses the need to protect and enhance ecosystems in the region, contributing to the general well-being of the population. The key aim of the Project has been to develop an ecosystem services framework (the SEQ Ecosystem Services Framework or simply the Framework) and incorporate it in policy and planning relevant to the SEQ region. The Framework developed is now officially recognized by the Queensland and local governments in policy and planning documents and in State of the Region reporting. The Framework is based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), with modifications that make it more suitable for application at the regional scale and for the particular conditions of SEQ. The Project has been coordinated by a non-government organization in collaboration with government, universities, other non-government organizations, business and industry. This article describes the important features of the approach, such as the direct participation of experts and/or stakeholders (more than 160 in all); the use of relatively simple systems models based on subjective expert judgements about causal connections among key variables; transparency of results; maps to support spatial planning; and the ability to revise the baseline information as the outcomes of management and planning decisions take place.

This study bertujuan untuk know switchover policy implementation property rights to land in the public interest on the part of the public administration Regional Secretariat of North Mamuju regency. This type of research is the study inikualitatif.Informan executor in the Secretariat of North Mamuju District and Land Office as well as policy targets. Collecting data using observations, interviews, and documentation, while the analysis of the data consists of data reduction, data presentation, and attractive transition policy menunjukkan implementasi research kesimpulan. Hasil property rights over land for public purposes in the general government administration Regional Secretariat of North Mamuju regency not maximized because resources and bureaucratic structures not running optimally due to the ability of human resources is still quite adequate and understanding of the field of the task is still lacking, and the implementation of the policy has not been according to SOP. But in terms of communication and disposition has been executed with the maximum, which means it has carried out the coordination and dissemination of clear and consistent as well as the executor attitude that shows awareness in doing a good job and the attitude demonstrated towards acceptance of the policy is executed.

Latin America underwent two major transformations during the 2000s: the widespread election of left-leaning presidents (the so-called left turn) and the diffusion of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)—innovative social programs that award regular stipends to poor families on the condition that their children attend school. Combining cross-national quantitative research covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research, Human Capital versus Basic Income: Ideology and Models for Anti-Poverty Programs in Latin America challenges the conventional wisdom that these two transformations were unrelated. In this book, author Fabián A. Borges demonstrates that this ideology greatly influenced both the adoption and design of CCTs. There were two distinct models of CCTs: a "human capital" model based on means-tested targeting and strict enforcement of program conditions, exemplified by the program launched by Mexico's right, and a more universalistic "basic income" model with more permissive enforcement of conditionality, exemplified by Brazil's program under Lula. These two models then spread across the region. Whereas right and center governments, with assistance from international financial institutions, enacted CCTs based on the human capital model, the left, with assistance from Brazil, enacted CCTs based on the basic income model. The existence of two distinct types of CCTs and their relation to ideology is supported by quantitative analyses covering the entire region and in-depth case studies based on field research in three countries. Left-wing governments operate CCTs that cover more people and spend more on those programs than their center or right-wing counterparts. Beyond coverage, a subsequent analysis of the 10 national programs adopted after Lula's embrace of CCTs confirms that program design—evaluated in terms of scope of the target population, strictness of conditionality enforcement, and stipend structure—is shaped by government ideology. This finding is then fleshed out through case studies of the political processes that culminated in the adoption of basic income CCTs by left-wing governments in Argentina and Bolivia and a human capital CCT by a centrist president in Costa Rica.

Etudes & documents ; This paper examines the cyclicality of provincial expenditure in China during the period 1978-2013. We assess whether provincial expenditure has been pro-cyclical using panel data for our analysis. Profligacy is found to be a regular feature of provincial fiscal policy. This profligacy occurs both in good and bad times and has markedly increased since 1994 with the increased autonomy of provinces. We further find that the profligacy bias is mitigated when financial constraints are relaxed, the remaining political life of the governor is long, government efficiency is strong, corruption incidence is low, and governments are large.

Etudes & documents ; This paper examines the cyclicality of provincial expenditure in China during the period 1978-2013. We assess whether provincial expenditure has been pro-cyclical using panel data for our analysis. Profligacy is found to be a regular feature of provincial fiscal policy. This profligacy occurs both in good and bad times and has markedly increased since 1994 with the increased autonomy of provinces. We further find that the profligacy bias is mitigated when financial constraints are relaxed, the remaining political life of the governor is long, government efficiency is strong, corruption incidence is low, and governments are large.

Este trabajo ofrece un panorama de estudios sobre la implementación de políticas públicas que se enfocan en la acción gubernativa como un elemento central para definir el curso de las metas políticas. Durante los últimos 30 años se han desarrollado distintos estudios sobre el proceso social de las políticas, en su etapa de implementación. Los resultados muestran diferencias en la forma de concebir los procesos de implementación. Desde un grupo de trabajos, denominado por algunos autores como "vieja gobernanza", se define que el Estado es la única instancia con capacidad de dirección social, considerando al resto de los actores sociales incapaces de autogobierno o carentes, en grado importante, de autonomía relativa. Desarrollos posteriores, encarados por otros grupos de trabajo, plantean que si bien el Estado tiene un rol activo y central en la construcción de las políticas, no es el único actor con capacidad para ponerlas en marcha, ya que interactúa con actores sociales y estatales con diferentes grados de poder y negociación, con capacidad de influir y condicionar -restringir y/o posibilitar- la acción gubernativa. El trabajo propuesto pretende dar cuenta de distintas posturas analíticas sobre las formas de concebir los procesos de implementación de políticas públicas, desde una revisión del estado del arte. Del análisis de los datos se puede derivar un cambio desde un centro a un sistema de gobierno que indicaría el pasaje de un modo jerárquico de gobierno a uno más asociativo y coordinador. En ese contexto, la acción de gobierno resulta un proceso mediante el cual los actores de una sociedad deciden sus objetivos de convivencia y la formas de coordinarse para realizarlos: su sentido y su capacidad de dirección. ; This paper provides an overview of studies on the implementation of public policies that focus on government action as a central element in defining the course of policy goals. During the past 30 years there have been various studies on the social policy process in its implementation stage. The results of these studies show differences in the way of conceiving the processes of implementation. From a group of works, called by some as "old governance" is defined to be the only state body (institution) in social leadership, considering the rest of the social actors incapable of self-government or lacking in significant degree of relative autonomy. Later developments faced by other working groups, argue that although the state has an active and central role in the construction of policies is not the only player with ability to implement them. Rather, it interacts with a variant set of social and state actors with different degrees of power and bargaining power to influence and condition, restrict and/or allow the government action. Thus, public policies are in accordance with the values established by this group of actors who, in association, agree and negotiate the course of the same. The proposed work aims to account for different analytical views on ways of conceiving the processes of implementation of public policies from a review of the state of the art. Analysis of the data can be derived from a central change to a system of government that would indicate the passage of a hierarchical government to a more associative and coordinator. In this context, government action is a process by which actors in a society decide their goals of living together and coordinated ways to achieve them: their sense of direction and leadership. ; Documento incorporado en 2019 en el marco del "Programa de becas de experiencia laboral" de la Biblioteca Profesor Guillermo Obiols para estudiantes de Bibliotecología, a partir de un procedimiento técnico de captura de datos desarrollado por el personal del IdIHCS. ; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

The Pearl River Delta, one of the main regions of China's export-oriented economy, has benefited from its traditional economic structure for three decades which in turn appeared to hinder further economic development recently. To advance industrial restructuring and upgrading, the governments have promulgated policies and appropriated special funds to optimize the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta. Dongguan is a famous export-oriented and manufacturing city in China. Taking Dongguan city as a case, and applying the method of Difference-in-Difference (DID), using time-series data from 1997 to 2014, this article analyzes the policy benefits of Dongguan's industrial transformation and upgrading, aiming to not only examine the effectiveness of industrial upgrades and the effects of economic governance in the Pearl River Delta but provide some reference to other export-oriented regions of China.

This paper explores the South African political economy through the lens of a variety of capitalism (VoC) approach. It argues that attempts were made in the early post-apartheid period to forge a more social-democratic and co-ordinated variety of capitalism, but that this floundered as the government adopted neoliberal macroeconomic policies against the wishes of organised labour, and as black economic empowerment policies further undermined an already racially-fraught business sector. Organised labour was able to push for, and maintain, protective labour market policies – but this came at the cost of growing policy inconsistency notably with regard to trade liberalisation which, in the presence of growing labour-market protection, has exacerbated South Africa's unemployment crisis. Unemployment remains intractable (and with it inequality) and corruption/patrimonialism appears to be a growing problem.

Abstract: The concept of 'social capital' has met with huge success among governmental agencies, including governments at all levels and transnational entities such as the World Bank. And yet the concept has been subjected to a devastating critique. This paper investigates a number of reasons given in the literature for its popularity. It starts with a brief overview of the social policy context in Australia, where the social capital framework has been influential. It goes on to discuss some of the reasons for the framework's popularity, both admiring, e.g. it broadens our understanding of community well-being beyond the economic, and critical, e.g. it ignores the power of (real) capital. The paper concludes by suggesting that 'social capital' continues to prevail, despite its dubious epistemological status, because it serves a useful ideological function for (real) capital.