Suchergebnisse

The article considers factors determining the peculiarities of the integration processes in Iraqi Kurdistan. The formation of Iraqi Kurdistan as a social-political community was determined by the growth of national consciousness of the population of the autonomy, and by accelerating processes of self-determination under the influence of a number of external and internal reasons. The national identity of the Iraqi Kurds as a part of the Kurdish people is based on the same historical background, language, and culture, on the mental attribution of the Kurds to the single group, which is explained not only by historical facts, but also by a specific worldview and myths sometimes divorced from reality but rooted in the collective representations. The external pressure of direct aggression and political enforcement to the assimilation plays a key role in the consolidation of the Iraqi Kurds and in the growth of their national self-determination: the resistance to the common enemy strengthens the national identity of the Iraqi Kurds. The author examines factors both general for all the Kurds and specific for Iraqi Kurdistan, i.e. the strengthening of the common form of language through the education, literature and media institutions, and the development of economic relations and civil and political institutions, which is due to the autonomy status of Iraqi Kurdistan. The article identifies and examines objective reasons preventing intensive integration processes in the community of Iraqi Kurds, which are, on the one hand, the influence of the external forces including neighbor states, transnational corporations, the authorities of Baghdad, and the growing military aggression of the armed terrorist groups; on the other hand, the slowdown of integration processes inside Iraqi Kurdistan are due to the internal contradictions in the autonomy determined by the features of the social and political structure of the Kurd society, such as tribalism, immaturity of the political system, and ethnic and religious diversity.

The problem of the spread of extremist organizations' activities in the South of Russia is intensified due to the increasing role of international actors and the influence of neighboring States. Extremist groups are included in the sphere of interests of countries with high level of institutional instability that have unresolved territorial administrative problems and also major terrorist organizations such as the 'Islamic State' (ISIL) prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation. The author applies an institutional method to determine the role of international influence on the development of extremist organizations in the South of Russia. Despite the decline in its activity, the ISIL continues to be among the priority threats to international security. The Russian Federation has successfully conducted anti-terrorist operation in Syria, while the ISIL operates in Iraq and other regions of the world. Its area of interest includes Russia, since the ISIL units exist on the territory of the Caucasus region and the Crimean Peninsula. At the same time, the territory of the Rostov region and the Republic of Crimea are subjected to the influence of the Ukrainian geo-strategic interests. The Ukrainian authorities act with territorial claims to the Russian Federation on a number of border regions as well as organize sabotage operations and support marginal movements. The so-called 'Circassian question' continues to be significant for the South of Russia. In the context of the present research, the author poses the problem of considering the interaction of neighboring countries and extremist organizations in the Russian border regions. The institutional research approaches allow determining the main "point of tension" in the southern border area, and to identify the main actors influencing the extremist organization. The results of the work give conclusions about the main directions of foreign States' influence on the regions of the South of Russia and counteraction to them by the security authorities.

While previous Israeli governments have tried to depopulate Gaza, today there is a growing momentum to carry out mass transfer-with American support.

leyds-60-7775.pdf created from original pamphlet in the WJ Leyds Collection held in the Africana Section of the Stellenbosch University Library and Information Service.

AGRICULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL & NATURAL SCIENCES SOCIAL, PEDAGOGY SCIENCES & HUMANITIES MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SCIENCES REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC, MANAGEMENT & MARKETING SCIENCES LEGAL, LEGISLATION AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

Any broader peace agreement between Armenia and Azerbaijan would signal the start of a new era in the South Caucasus. Russia's influence would decline, and Turkey's-grow.

The results of a comprehensive study of the reference section of the Upper Maastrichtian of Mount Klementyev (South-Eastern Crimea), composed of a terrigeneous-carbonate strata. It was found that sedimentation occurred in relatively deep-water conditions. Biostratigraphic analysis of benthic and planktonic foraminifera assemblages made it possible to identify foraminiferal zones in the section and confirm the deep-water type of sedimentation in the basin at this interval.