Suchergebnisse

This report presents five case studies on EU Human Rights Dialogues (HRDs). The case studies concern the HRDs with the African Union, China, India, Morocco and Peru. Building on the findings of the previous reports in Work Package 3 of the FRAME project, the aim of this report is to explore how domestic and organisation-based conceptions of human rights, democracy and rule of law emerge in HRDs and what consequences these conceptions entails for the HRDs' goals. The report starts with a description of the methodology used (Chapter II). Next, Chapter III puts HRDs in context by examining their institutional setting. The Chapter specifically focuses on three key issues: respect for sovereignty and the equality of participants; transparency; and the priorities of the dialogues. Chapter IV is dedicated to the case studies. The Chapter is divided in two parts: the first part focuses on General Human Rights Dialogues and the second on Formal Human Rights Dialogues. General HRD's are Dialogues of a general nature based on regional or bilateral treaties, agreements or conventions or strategic partnerships dealing systematically with the issue of human rights. The first case study in this category concerns India. This is an elaborate study. It fills a gap in the scholarly literature since the EUIndia HRD has so far been little researched. One of the main difficulties that the case study highlights with the HRD is that the EU is conditioned by an essentially Eurocentric world-view about India. The next case study in this first part of the Chapter concerns Peru. The research shows that although the EU's conceptions of human rights differ in some respects from the Peruvian, the Dialogue has been productive. The last case study in the part of General HRD's concerns European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), more specifically Morocco. This too is an elaborate case study which presents a much-needed addition to the academic literature. It details the institutional setting of the dialogue and describes to what extent diverging ...

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 What is a Human Right? -- Rights: general, positive, moral, human -- Understanding human rights -- 'Three generations' of rights -- Conclusion -- 2 A Brief History of Human Rights -- Introduction -- Natural rights in the eighteenth century -- More on the Enlightenment -- Social and economic rights in the nineteenth century -- The Second World War and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights -- Conclusion -- 3 Philosophical Foundations for Human Rights -- Introduction -- The interest view -- Human dignity -- Personhood -- Sceptics: MacIntyre and Rorty -- Conclusion -- 4 A Political Conception of Human Rights -- Introduction -- Human rights in international legal and political practice -- The political view -- Criticisms of the political view -- Conclusion -- 5 Religion and Human Rights -- Introduction -- A secular or religious source for moral authority? -- Religious freedom and secular liberalism -- Islam and human rights -- Conclusion -- 6 Universalism and Relativism -- Introduction -- Types of relativism and the 'Asian values' debate -- Universalism and the self -- Feminist and flexible universalisms -- Conclusion -- 7 Minority Groups and Minority Rights -- Introduction -- Liberal multiculturalism -- Critics of liberal multiculturalism: egalitarianism, exit and essentialism -- Conclusion -- 8 Global Poverty and Human Rights -- Introduction -- Manifesto rights, subsistence and security -- Pogge, poverty and rights -- Poverty, agency and harm -- Conclusion -- 9 Environmental Human Rights? -- Introduction -- Ways of conceptualizing environmental human rights -- Environmental values and human rights -- Climate change and human rights -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Bibliography -- Index.

Cover Page -- Half Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: The Global State of Human Rights -- 1: Global Human Rights: An Overview -- 2: The European Union Is Falling Short on Human Rights Commitments -- 3: Bangladesh Is Failing to Address Human Rights Abuses -- 4: Tibetans Are Suffering from Human Rights Abuses by China -- 5: The Arab World Is Experiencing a Deterioration of Human Rights -- 6: Israel Is Violating International Law and the Human Rights of Palestinians -- 7: The United States Must Face Its Own Record of Human Rights Abuses -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 2: Human Rights and Politics -- 1: Britain's New Government Must Make Human Rights a Top Priority -- 2: Myanmar's Government Must Be Pressured to Hold Fair Elections -- 3: China Must Stop Supporting Authoritarian Regimes -- 4: Israel Violates Human Rights and the European Union Is Complicit -- 5: North Korea Must Shut Down Its Concentration Camps -- 6: The European Union Should Support Democracy and Human Rights in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan -- 7: The Honduras Truth Commission Faces a Daunting Task -- Periodical and Internet Sources Bibliography -- Chapter 3: Human Rights and Minority Populations -- 1: Global Caste-Based Discrimination Should Be Treated as a Human Rights Violation -- 2: China Continues to Tyrannize the Uyghur Minority -- 3: Estonia Is Discriminating Against Ethnic Russians -- 4: Sudan Violates the Human Rights of Its Citizens -- 5: Iranian Persecution of the Bahá'í Is an Injustice and Rejection of True Iranian Identity -- 6: Israel Must Safeguard the Rights of All People With in Its Borders -- 7: Sri Lanka Tries to Escape Accountability for War Crimes Against the Tamil People -- 8: Developing Countries Have a Poor Record on Gay Rights

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- A Long History -- What Are Human Rights? -- Defining Universal Rights -- Inventing Human Rights -- Changing Rights -- The Power Of The State -- Rights In The Ancient World -- Early Rights In India -- The Classical World -- Rights In The Middle Ages -- The Magna Carta -- Rights For The Citizen -- Thomas Aquinas -- The Rise Of Individual Rights -- Revolution In England -- The Social Contract -- The American Revolution -- Revolution In France -- Fighting For Equality -- Votes For Women -- African American Equality -- The Civil Rights Movement -- LGBTQ Rights -- Human Rights Today -- The Threat of Terrorism -- Guantanamo Bay -- Warfare and Refugees -- The World Today -- Timeline -- Glossary -- Further Resources -- Index -- Back Cover.

Intro -- title page -- copyright page -- 1. What Are Human Rights? -- 2. History of Human Rights -- 3. How Can Human Rights Be Protected? -- 4. Helping People -- 5. Defending Human Rights -- Appendix: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 -- Appendix: Joint Statement of the Chairpersons of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies on the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- International Organizations -- Series Glossary -- Further Reading -- Internet Resources -- Index -- Untitled -- Blank Page.

As a human rights researcher with national affections, the author of Human Rights: China's Road tries to understand the underlying logic of human rights situations in China and the progress happening there.The author believes that the idea of human rights protection is unconditionally agreed upon by everyone, but the choice of specific patterns and routes is neither justified nor possible to remain unchanged through all the different concrete scenarios. For the 1.4 billion Chinese people, only they themselves are entitled to determine how they should protect their own human rights, and how to

The title of this essay is rather ambitious and the space available is hardly sufficient to examine two words of almost limitless expanse—"human rights"—whether standing alone or in tandem. This requires that I begin with (and remained disciplined by) what a teacher of mine, Leo Strauss, called "low facts." My low facts are these: We call ourselves humans because we have certain characteristics that define our nature. We are social and political animals, as Aristotle noted, and possess attributes not shared by other animals. The ancients noted this, of course, when they defined our principal behavioral and cognitive distinction from the rest of the natural world as the faculty of speech. The Greek word for this,logos, means much more than speech, as it connoteswordandreasonand, in the more common understanding, talking and writing, praising and criticizing, persuading and reading. While other animals communicate by making sounds of attraction or warning, leaving smells, and so on, none read newspapers, make speeches, publish their memoirs, or write poetry.

Human Rights enables readers to understand international standards for human rights, human rights abuses around the world, and the social, economic, and natural causes and effects of such abuses. The history of human rights concepts and declarations of human rights are examined, including the distinction that many historical theories and movements in human rights have made between social groups, namely free men versus women, children, slaves, and immigrants. This new resource goes on to explore human rights positions in the United States, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, China, Chechnya

What are human rights? Human rights must be universal / Fiona Boylan, Integrated Regional Information Networks ; Human rights must be culturally relative / Jieh-Yung Lo ; We should eliminate the debate about universality and cultural relativism / El Obaid Ahmed El Obaid ; Non-Western societies have influenced human rights / Faisal Kutty -- What is the state of human rights? Globalization threatens human rights / Asian Pacific Research Network ; Globalization promotes human rights / Daniel T. Griswold ; Islamic law threatens human rights / Azam Kamguian ; Islamic law promotes human rights / Louay M. Safi ; China is abusing human rights / U.S. State Department ; The United States is abusing human rights / Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China -- What should be done to stop human rights abuses? The United Nations is necessary to stop human rights abuses / Silvano M. Tomasi ; The United Nations is ineffective and corrupt and does not stop human rights abuses / Joseph Loconte ; International human rights treaties are necessary to help prevent human rights abuses / Anne Bayefsky ; International human rights laws and treaties have little impact on ending human rights abuses / Jack L. Goldsmith and Eric Posner -- What human rights policies should the U.S. government follow? The United States should be a part of the International Criminal Court / Briony MacPhee ; The United States should not be a part of the International Criminal Court / Brett D. Schaefer ; The United States should intervene in Darfur / The New Republic ; The United States should not intervene in Darfur / Justin Raimondo ; The United States should not practice torture even to win the war on terrorism / Jimmy Carter ; The United States should practice torture under some circumstances / Charles Krauthammer ; The United States should ratify the treaty to protect women's rights / Working Group on Ratification of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women ; The United States should not ratify the treaty to protect women's human rights / Janice Shaw Crouse

"Great Events from History: Human Rights is a new, updated version of a reference work originally published in 1992. This new edition includes significant updates and a number of new articles that address human rights issues over the past 30 years. This 4-volume work traces the path of civil liberties and natural rights through history, from ancient codes to modern movements through pivotal events that have directly affected people and their freedoms. In the nearly 28 years since the first edition of Human Rights was published, much has changed in the history of human rights, both in terms of human rights denial and human rights advances. One key change concerns the evolving nature of a government's accountability for its country's human rights record. The rise of Internet technology in recent years has expedited government accountability faster than during any earlier time period. For this reason, this edition covers a rather wide range of human rights categories, including atrocities and war crimes, children's rights, civil rights, health and medical rights, peace movements and organizations, reproductive freedom, voting rights, women's rights, and worker's rights. Great Events from History: Human Rights documents the progression, regression, and overall history of human rights through pivotal events. Here is a sampling of just some of the modern milestones chronicled in this thought-provoking set: 2001: The U.S. Launches a "War on Terror" in Iraq and Afghanistan in Response to 9/11 ; 2004 : The First Same-Sex Marriage is Performed in Massachusetts ; 2006 : The Global Internet Consortium is Founded ; 2006 : WikiLeaks Gives Whistleblowers a New Platform ; 2013 : The Dominican Republic Deports and Denies Nationality to Haitians ; 2014 : ISIS Comes to Power in Iraq and Syria ; 2015 : China Revokes One-Child Policy ; 2017 : Gay Chechens are Purged ; 2018 : Peace Talks Begin on the Korean Peninsula ; 2018 : Separating Immigrant Families at the Border. More than 100 photographs and other images are included, such as news photos and photographic portraits, book and magazine covers, book title pages, government documents, and fliers. Essays not only describe and contextualize significant events in the history of human rights, but also discuss their current and future impact."--

"As I'm writing this, Christians are brutally murdering Muslims in the Central African Republic; people in Syria are being bombed, starved, and tortured; and homosexuals still face the death penalty in Iran as well as long prison sentences in countries like Uganda and Nigeria and persecution by thugs in many countries. These atrocities and many other disturbing phenomena are often called "human rights violations." What gives them this status? That is a question about which there has been a surprising amount of disagreement among political philosophers."

Human rights reflect a determined effort to protect the dignity of each and every human being against abuse of power. This endeavour is as old as human history. What is relatively new is the international venture for the protection of human dignity through internationally accepted legal standards and generally accessible mechanisms for implementation. That mission got a major impetus with the founding of the United Nations in 1945. While the primary focus of the international project for the realisation of human rights used to be on ways and means of limiting and governing political power, other institutions than the state are coming within its range of attention, too, including those of the corporate world. Recently, a 'human rights approach' to poverty has gained a prominent place on the development agenda. When human rights are seen as not just legal resources but also political instruments, this means that power is to be regarded as legitimate only if international human rights standards are followed. Legitimacy, in other words, becomes the core concept, referring to the right institutions and principles, the right procedures and also normatively acceptable outcomes. Hence, rights-based approaches to overcome poverty imply efforts to address economic injustices as well, in the first place at the level of the global economy as such.

Introduction -- The four paradigms or ideal-types in the discipline of international relations -- The different debates in the discipline of international relations -- Realism : theory and (the effectiveness of ) international human rights treaties -- Liberalism : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Institutionalism : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Fairness : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Transnational legal process : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- Managerial process : theory and the effectiveness of international human rights treaties -- The autonomous legal discourse and the appellative or the discursive effect of human rights.

Human rights are among the key concepts of sustainability science because they constitute the basis for sustainable well-being in any given society. Human rights form an understanding of a world in which individuals and peoples can trust in justice and claim rights by virtue of being human. The idea of an international human rights law is that it is not up to a specific government to decide how it treats individuals and peoples living in its territory. Thus, human rights form a discourse of emancipation with a universal outreach. They are essential to achieve sustainable development as specified inthe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which indicates that the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is based on human rights. However, there are some tensions that continue to oppose SDGs to human rights. This is partly the case in relation to the rights of Indigenous peoples, an issue that will be further explicated in this contribution with regard to the situation of the Indigenous Sámi people. This chapter elaborates on the concept of human rights from the perspective of sustainability sciences. It explores human rights as a concept of law and as a concept of global politics, and it analyzes its differing functions depending on the contexts in which it is applied. This contribution considers the recent interconnections of human rights with the issues raised by sustainable development and the rights of Indigenous peoples. ; Peer reviewed