Suchergebnisse

This volume aims to investigate, with an interdisciplinary approach, how legal property regimes, land law and land registration systems are intertwined with economic, social, and political spheres; to analyse the social functions and legal and political implications of various land registration systems in different contexts and how, for example, they operated in a colonial framework; to scrutinise the relations between politics and property, as well as the transformation of the property concept, in its meaning and function. ; Introduction / Elisabetta Fiocchi Malaspina - Simona Tarozzi (pp. 9-13). -- Transfer of Immovable Properties, Publicity and Land Law in the Age of Justinian: the Perspective of the Praetorian Prefect / Silvia Schiavo (pp. 15-28). -- L'evasione fiscale come problema circolare nelle esperienze storiche: esempi della tarda antichità / Paola Bianchi (pp. 29-50). -- Land Grant in Late Antiquity: a pattern for Modern Colonial Regulations? / Simona Tarozzi (pp. 51-67). -- Contextualización iushistórica de la reforma agraria chilena (siglo XX) / Agustín Parise (pp. 69-93). -- La influencia del Derecho Romano en la adquisición y en el sistema de transferencia en los derechos reales en el siglo XIX, Argentina / Pamela Alejandra Cacciavillani (pp. 95-110). -- The indigenous concept of land in Andean constitutionalism / Silvia Bagni (pp. 111-136). -- The "trascrizione" system in Italy from the end of the nineteenth century to the promulgation of the civil code (1942) / Alan Sandonà (pp. 137-160). -- Registro e colonialismo em Angola / Mariana Dias Paes (pp. 161-176). -- Tracing Social Spaces: Global Perspectives on the History of Land Registration / Elisabetta Fiocchi Malaspina (pp. 177-202). -- The politics of real property in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1720–1848 / Charles Bartlett (pp. 203-226).

In this bibliometric review, with data from the Web Of Science (WOS), the main characteristics of scientific articles published in international journals on Common Goods, Property Law and Management are specified. The result returned 146 works and it was analyzed in 12 categories: temporal evolution of scientific production; temporal evolution of the number of article citations; production by countries; production by networked countries; categories of publications; association between authors and categories, most cited works; citation network; clusters by title; top citations in the category Government and Law, publications in Brazil. There is a growing interest of the scientific community in the matter and from this study other may arise. ; En esta revisión bibliométrica, con datos de la Web Of Science (WOS), se describen las principales características de los artículos científicos publicados en revistas internacionales sobre Propiedad Común, Derecho de la Propiedad y Gestión. El resultado devolvió 146 artículos y se analizó en 12 categorías: evolución temporal de la producción científica; evolución temporal del número de citas de los artículos; producción por países; producción por países vinculados en red; categorías de publicaciones; asociación entre autores y categorías, artículos más citados; red de citas; clusters por título; mayores citas en la categoría Goverment & Law, publicaciones en Brasil. Se comprueba un creciente interés de la comunidad científica por el tema y a partir de este estudio se podrán desarrollar otros. ; Nesta revisão bibliométrica, com os dados da Web Of Science (WOS), são descritas as principais características dos artigos científicos publicados em periódicos internacionais sobre Bens Comuns, Direito de Propriedade e Gestão. O resultado retornou 146 trabalhos e foi analisado em 12 categorias: evolução temporal da produção científica; evolução temporal do número de citações de artigos; produção por países; produção por países ligados em rede; categorias das publicações; associação entre os autores e as categorias, trabalhos mais citados; rede de citação; clusters por título; maiores citações na categoria Goverment & Law, publicações no Brasil. Verifica-se um crescente de interesse da comunidade científica na temática e a partir deste estudo outros poderão ser desenvolvidos.

The aim of this paper is to establish a dialogue with the ideas of three revolutionary Latin American intellectuals – José Carlos Mariátegui, Ernesto Che Guevara and Paulo Freire, in order to share, from our intellectual tradition, a different vision, from the US/UK/European one, of what means to be critical; and to discuss possible inspirations for those of us working in Latin America and interested in contributing to the political processes of liberation which happen around us. We constructed this text in dialogue with the words of these three organic intellectuals which were able to engage creatively with the European thought, producing political appropriations and new theoretical developments informed by their praxis. These intellectuals produced worthy political theories based on their revolutionary praxis, offering ideas, insights and arguments for our analysis of the organization of social struggles and for social practices which confront our society in its imprisonment by the law of value. The paper defends the relevance of history as a space for creative dialogues with the ideas of intellectuals involved in direct activism and producing testimonies of political rebellion against external aggressions, discrimination, marginality, and social injustices; and intellectuals which produced knowledge in solidarity with these struggles.

A exemplo das relações econômicas internacionais, a saúde segue o ritmo da mundialização. Fala-se, ao mesmo tempo, de uma economia da saúde globalizada e da internacionalização dos riscos sanitários. No entanto, os países desenvolvidos e aqueles em desenvolvimento não estão no mesmo nível em relação ao combate às doenças. Observa-se uma "fratura sanitária" simbolizada, por anos a fio, pela epidemia da AIDS nos países pobres. Enquanto o progresso científico oferece respostas a numerosas doenças, a maioria dos habitantes dos países do "Sul" não tem acesso regular a medicamentos. No centro das políticas de saúde pública, o medicamento vem se tornando mercadoria, em uma economia mundial focada na exploração do conhecimento, no caso a inovação farmacêutica. A falta de acesso a tratamentos pode ser analisada como resultado da exclusão dos países em desenvolvimento frente ao mercado de produtos farmacêuticos, causada tanto pela situação socioeconômica, quanto pela estrutura do mercado e pelas regras da OMC relativas à propriedade intelectual. ; As international economic relations, health field follows the steps of the globalization. People talks, at the same time, about a global health economy and the internationalization of health risks. However, the developed countries and those who are in development are not in the same level to fight against diseases. There is a "health break" for many years symbolized by AIDS epidemic in poor countries. While scientific progress provides answers to several diseases, most of the inhabitants of the "South " has no regular access to medicines. At the heart of public health policies, the drug is becoming a commodity in a global economy focused on the exploration of knowledge, particularly the pharmaceutical innovation. The lack of access to treatment can be analyzed as a result of the exclusion of developing countries facing the pharmaceutical market, caused by socioeconomic status, by the structure of the market and by WTO's intellectual property rules. ; À l'instar des relations économiques internationales, la santé vit au rythme de la mondialisation. Aussi parle-t-on d'une économie de la santé globalisée comme d'une internationalisation des risques sanitaires. Pourtant les pays développés et les pays en développement ne sont pas sur un pied d'égalité face au poids de la maladie. Le constat est celui d'une "fracture sanitaire", symbolisée depuis plusieurs décennies par le fléau du sida au sein des pays à faible revenu. Alors que les progrès scientifiques permettent de répondre à de nombreuses maladies, la majorité des habitants des pays du "Sud" n'a pas accès régulièrement aux médicaments. Au cœur des politiques de santé publique, le médicament est parallèlement devenu un objet de marché dans une économie mondiale centrée sur l'exploitation commerciale du savoir, en l'occurrence l'innovation pharmaceutique. Le manque d'accès aux traitements peut alors s'analyser comme le résultat d'une exclusion des pays en développement vis-à-vis du marché des produits pharmaceutiques, causée tant par leur situation socio-économique que par la structure du marché et les règles de l'OMC relatives à la propriété intellectuelle.

This article will try to outline the implications of counterfeiting as an economic threat in its implications to society and ultimately to political power, by establishing a relationship between these implications and the main purposes of the State in ensuring security and prosperity. The analysis will focus on the European Union, since this type of transnational crime affects the main EU strategy for sustainable growth based on fostering innovation and knowledge. The objective is to present and confront the effectiveness of the cooperation mechanisms as preventive and anti-counterfeiting measures, as well as their impact on the evolution of this transnational crime within Europe. Adapted from the source document.

This paper deals with the reasons why the United States have been seeking for the strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) at recent bilateral and multilateral negotiations, specially during the GATT's Uruguay Round. The hypothesis of this paper suggests that the IPRs' strengthening is part of an attempt made by the United States to revert the present process of weakening of their competitive advantages in the International trade. This hypothesis is investigated through three aspects: (a) the relationship between technological paradigms and the appropriability of innovations; (b) the role of transnational corporations; (c) the challenges to the United States' competitive position. ; This paper deals with the reasons why the United States have been seeking for the strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) at recent bilateral and multilateral negotiations, specially during the GATT's Uruguay Round. The hypothesis of this paper suggests that the IPRs' strengthening is part of an attempt made by the United States to revert the present process of weakening of their competitive advantages in the International trade. This hypothesis is investigated through three aspects: (a) the relationship between technological paradigms and the appropriability of innovations; (b) the role of transnational corporations; (c) the challenges to the United States' competitive position.

The decline of North America's preeminence along the 70s and 80s caused private entrepreneurship to urge the US government towards engagement in an aggressive foreign policy for intellectual-property-rights protection. The conflict between Brazil and the United States on pharmaceutical patenting stems from such a policy. Changes in Brazilian legislation are under way, and new American pressures will but delay the process, raising nationalistic reactions. (Polit Externa/DÜI)

A transformação da terra em propriedade privada, imposta pelo colonialismo europeu, frustou anseios de liberdade dos trabalhadores e dos povos da América Latina. Nos sistemas jurídicos que protegem o meio ambiente e buscam o desenvolvimento sustentável não pode ser considerada produtiva a terra que esgota os recursos naturais a ela associados e inviabiliza ou dificulta seu uso pelas gerações futuras. A terra deve cumprir uma função social que garanta o direito dos trabalhadores, do meio ambiente e da fraternidade

In this essay we look at the question from Waltz's point of view of the very topical issue of nuclear proliferation. Since the early 1980s until his recent death Waltz kept an active interest and a very specific position on this matter. He denied there was such a thing as nuclear proliferation and, moreover, refused that, in light of structural realism the spread of nuclear weapons, even to a theocracy like Iran, would be a problem. This paper will explain why and around this theme we will draw the intellectual profile of Waltz as a realist that values the role of the State in international security, but was often critical of the security policies of his own state, the United States. Adapted from the source document.