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Habermas discusses the chances for the establishment of world citizenship in contemporary society, marked by multiculturalism and the process of globalization. Habermas identifies the historical configuration of the post-national constellation, and from there themed the transition from international law to the law of citizens of the world, which aligns the concept of citizenship to the idea of ​​human rights. Habermas analyzes the Kantian idea of ​​a cosmopolitan state in which citizens are legal subjects of their respective States and members of a cosmopolitan entity. Kant elaborates on the concept of world republic, which Habermas disagrees with, but offers the example of the European Union for a discussion on the realization of a just and peaceful international order. Based on the Kantian orientation of constituting an order of world citizenship, Habermas discusses the conformation and viability of this idea in contemporary times. For Habermas, it is possible to spell out the idea of ​​cosmopolitan citizenship. From the European Union, cooperation between States and citizens shows that a cosmopolitan community is needed to complement an international community of States.

This work analyzes the Agenda 2030 in its main potentiality to lead public policies and private actions towards a more sustainable path. At the same time it acknowledges its dependency on measurements and finance mechanisms for the Sustainable Development Goals implementation. The main argument is that public expectations face difficulties to be translated in public actions, due to, among other factors, the lack of measurement and finance mechanisms. With this purpose it starts describing what is the Agenda 2030, and how this United Nations lead international declaration is structured to be monitored and implemented by States and others multi stakeholders. Secondly it analyses the importance of the measurements to address critical social environmental challenges and to allow comparison between the achievements of each member state. Third it remarks the role-played by international financial institutions, by international investment and by the private sector in general. Forth, the article highlights the drawbacks the methodology of goals can represent when used to overcome collective challenges marked by moral issues and diffuse impacts, being highly dependent on measurements and finance tools. The methodology chosen was the descriptive and normative, the techniques used were documentary, legislative and bibliographic research.

Este relatório, produzido pelo Grupo Consultivo presidido por Michelle Bachelet, constituído pela OIT com a colaboração da OMS afirma que cerca de 5,1 milhões de pessoas estão privadas de uma segurança social e proteção social adequadas, e que pouco mais de 15 por cento dos desempregados no mundo recebe subsídio de desemprego. O relatório estima ainda que os programas de proteção social podem agir como estabilizadores para atenuar o impacto negativo das crises económicas sobre o mercado de trabalho, contribuindo para manter a coesão social e estimular a procura interna

The contemporary debate in the theory of international relations is marked by two perspectives: on the one hand the perspective of political realism that conceives of peace as an inaccessible ideal and war as a necessary means for the acquisition and maintenance of power; and on the other hand the perspective of normativism or idealism that thinks the end (telos) of international relations beyond the conflicts of interest and the struggle for power. The first perspective deals with international relations at the level of being (of what is), the second at the level of ought (normative level). In view of this scenario, our idea in this article is to approach the problem of war and peace from an interdisciplinary study through contributions from Kant's Public International Law and Philosophy. In a first moment we will analyze the paradox of the war, then the role of the Public International Law for the problematic of the peace, and finally the contributions of Kant for the normative redefinition of the international right from his republican project of the league of peace (foedus pacificum).

A maioria dos países integrantes do Fórum das Ilhas do Pacífico(1) foi colônia ou protetorado britânico. Essa condição resultou na transposição de leis britânicas relativas à saúde pública que necessitam de revisão e reforma. Estes países também contam com uma rica tradição de direito consuetudinário e métodos de organização social anteriores à experiência colonial(2). Acrescente-se a esse ambiente legal pluralista, o fato de que todos os países do Pacífico ratificaram tratados de direitos humanos internacionais ou tratados que criam obrigações no direito internacional em relação à saúde. ; Most Pacific Island countries which are members of the Pacific Islands Forum have a history as British colonies or protectorates. This delivers a legacy of transplanted British style public health laws from the first half of the twentieth century, which are out of date and in need of review and reform. Pacific Island countries also have a rich tradition of customary laws and methods of social organisation predating their colonial experience. Added to this pluralist legal environment, all Pacific countries have ratified some international human rights treaties or treaties creating obligations at international law in relation to health.

This research focuses on the issue of surrogate motherhood in private international law and is justified because of intense medical and scientific progress in the area and conflicts and litigations proposals for recognition of the nationality of children from the surrogate motherhood procedures as each country legislates according to the national reality, requiring discussions about the harmonization of interests internationally. Thus, the research seeks to question the contributions of the Hague Conference on Private International Law to the harmonization of legal systems in the field of surrogacy and especially what are its effects to the Brazilian legal system. To this end, the first topic investigates advances in assisted human reproduction technique focusing on surrogacy in order to find out how comparative law has found answers to the questions arising from the procedure. Subsequently, the study focuses on the study of Brazilian law and the related international effort verified by the Hague Conference. Finally, the paper identifies the national law suffers limitations to solve the problems arising from transnational surrogacy, and therefore the need for multilateral cooperation is emphasized so that, in unison, children's rights are guaranteed. In this regard, we highlight the practical results obtained from the Hague Conference on resolving the problem of nonnationality. The theme also poses challenges for the future with regard to trafficking in children, the vulnerability of women involved in surrogate motherhood and the very burden of the contract. ; Esta pesquisa se debruça sobre a temática da maternidade de substituição no direito internacional privado e se justifica em razão do intenso progresso médico-científico na área e dos conflitos e lides propostas para o reconhecimento da nacionalidade de crianças oriundas dos procedimentos de maternidade substitutiva, dado que cada país legisla de acordo com a realidade nacional, necessitando-se discutir sobre a harmonização dos interesses no âmbito internacional. Assim, a pesquisa pretende questionar quais as contribuições da Conferência de Haia sobre Direito Internacional Privado para a harmonização dos ordenamentos jurídicos em matéria de maternidade de substituição e, especialmente quais os reflexos para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, investiga-se os avanços da técnica da reprodução humana medicamente assistida com foco na maternidade de substituição, de modo a averiguar como o direito comparado tem encontrado respostas para as questões oriundas do procedimento. Posteriormente, o estudo discorre sobre as disposições do direito brasileiro relacionado e o esforço internacional verificado pela Conferência de Haia. Ao final, o trabalho identifica que o direito interno sofre limitações para resolver os problemas oriundos da maternidade de substituição transnacional e, por isso, ressalta-se a necessidade de cooperação multilateral para que, em uníssono, sejam garantidos os direitos das crianças. Nesse aspecto, destacam-se os resultados práticos verificados a partir da Conferência de Haia na solução do problema da anacionalidade. A temática ainda impõe desafios para o futuro no que concerne ao tráfico de crianças, à vulnerabilidade das mulheres envolvidas na gestação de substituição e à própria onerosidade do contrato.

Este artigo traz de volta o Estado como um ator estratégico da globalização. Ao passo que os marxistas lamentam o murchamento do Estado, os neoliberais dão boas-vindas ao triunfo do mercado. Inspirado pela proposta de Habermas para uma constitucionalização do direito internacional, o autor insere os movimentos sociais na sua visão cosmopolita de um sistema multinível de governança. Através de uma leitura cruzada de Ulrich Beck e Antonio Gramsci, ele propõe atualizar a sociologia histórica do Estado e conectá-la à sociologia dos movimentos sociais, a fim de explorar como um Estado cosmopolita pode, porventura, atuar como um conversor num projeto contra-hegemônico de globalização.

DOI:10.1590/2179-8966/2020/49180ResumoA Lei n. 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020, regula medidas de saúde pública relacionadas à emergência do novo coronavírus com alto potencial restritivo de direitos fundamentais, inclusive a quarentena e o isolamento. Esta análise crítica aborda a dimensão internacional da emergência, além da tramitação casuística e antidemocrática da lei brasileira. Com base na legislação epidemiológica em vigor, escrutina estas medidas excepcionais e as salvaguardas à sua implementação.Palavras-chave: Quarentena; Coronavírus; Emergência InternacionalAbstract Law no. 13,979, of February 6, 2020, regulates public health measures related to the emergence of the new coronavirus with high potential to restrict fundamental rights, including quarantine and isolation. This critical analysis addresses the international dimension of the emergency, and the casuistic and anti-democratic procedure of the Brazilian law. Based on the epidemiological legislation in force, it scrutinizes restrictive measures and safeguards for its implementation.Keywords: Quarantine; Coronavirus; International Emergency

The objective of this article is to analyze the strategic partnership between Brazil and Uruguay in the years 2003-2014 from the perspective of Brazilian international insertion. In order to do this three main aspects are considered: the limits and potentials of Brazil as a regional power, the context of South American regional politics and the strategy of the government of Lula da Silva and Rousseff administrations regarding these issues. The article is guided by a multi-scale approach, also focusing on some domestic and external dynamics of Brazilian foreign policy. It is noted that the above-mentioned strategic partnership acquired great relevance to the Brazilian proposal of integration, as well as to its national development goals, giving field to considerable advances in both ventures, since it is compatible with the idea of international insertion of Brazil and with its structural limitations. ; Peer reviewed

In this bibliometric review, with data from the Web Of Science (WOS), the main characteristics of scientific articles published in international journals on Common Goods, Property Law and Management are specified. The result returned 146 works and it was analyzed in 12 categories: temporal evolution of scientific production; temporal evolution of the number of article citations; production by countries; production by networked countries; categories of publications; association between authors and categories, most cited works; citation network; clusters by title; top citations in the category Government and Law, publications in Brazil. There is a growing interest of the scientific community in the matter and from this study other may arise. ; En esta revisión bibliométrica, con datos de la Web Of Science (WOS), se describen las principales características de los artículos científicos publicados en revistas internacionales sobre Propiedad Común, Derecho de la Propiedad y Gestión. El resultado devolvió 146 artículos y se analizó en 12 categorías: evolución temporal de la producción científica; evolución temporal del número de citas de los artículos; producción por países; producción por países vinculados en red; categorías de publicaciones; asociación entre autores y categorías, artículos más citados; red de citas; clusters por título; mayores citas en la categoría Goverment & Law, publicaciones en Brasil. Se comprueba un creciente interés de la comunidad científica por el tema y a partir de este estudio se podrán desarrollar otros. ; Nesta revisão bibliométrica, com os dados da Web Of Science (WOS), são descritas as principais características dos artigos científicos publicados em periódicos internacionais sobre Bens Comuns, Direito de Propriedade e Gestão. O resultado retornou 146 trabalhos e foi analisado em 12 categorias: evolução temporal da produção científica; evolução temporal do número de citações de artigos; produção por países; produção por países ligados em rede; categorias das publicações; associação entre os autores e as categorias, trabalhos mais citados; rede de citação; clusters por título; maiores citações na categoria Goverment & Law, publicações no Brasil. Verifica-se um crescente de interesse da comunidade científica na temática e a partir deste estudo outros poderão ser desenvolvidos.

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a contribuição do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, em especial da sua jurisdição contenciosa, para o fortalecimento do processo democrático, da rule of law e do estabelecimento da paz no território colombiano. Para tanto, parte da premissa de um direito aberto, plural e multinível de impactos recíprocos entre direito interno e internacional em frutífero diálogo. Analisa-se, a partir de uma breve explanação do funcionamento do aparato regional, a jurisprudência da Corte – qualitativamente selecionada – a fim de demonstrar como a sua atuação jurisdicional compeliu o Estado colombiano a tomar medidas de fortalecimento de direitos humanos no país, o que contribuiu decisivamente para o processo de paz. Sendo assim, busca-se apresentar a influência positiva do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, mediante a atuação contenciosa da Corte IDH, na construção de uma cultura de paz, direitos humanos e democracia, eixos fundamentais para o fortalecimento institucional do Estado Democrático de Direito. ; The purpose of this article is to analyze the contribution of the Inter-American Human Rights system, especially its contentious jurisdiction, to strengthening the democratic process, the rule of law and the establishment of peace in Colombia. To do so, it starts from the premise of an open, plural and multilevel right of reciprocal impacts between domestic and international law in meaningful dialogue. From a brief explanation of the operation of the regional apparatus, the jurisprudence of the Court - qualitatively selected – is examined in order to demonstrate how its jurisdictional action has compelled the Colombian State to take measures to strengthen human rights in the country, contributing decisively to the peace process. Thus, it seeks to present the positive influence of the Inter-American Human Rights system, through the contentious actions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in the construction of a culture of peace, human rights and democracy, fundamental axes for institutional strengthening of the Democratic Rule of Law in Colombia.

In the current debate on human rights, the political conception is attractive in its ability to try to find solutions to the central questions and problems, which the orthodox conception has difficulties in solving, because of its own nature (the political formulation of human rights) it does not need a moral foundation that is independent of the recognition established by international law and practice. On the one hand, it is necessary to recognize that the current practice and the international doctrine consider human rights as tools addressed, mainly, to establish the limits of the legitimate sovereignty of the state, thus, recognizing the plausibility of the political conception. On the other hand, the article intends to show that this specific function, while important, should not exhaust all that human rights perform. Therefore, the political conception runs the serious risk of weakening the normative force of human rights and conflating two different agendas, that of human rights and that of global justice. To go through this argument, first of all, the article presents the contemporary genesis of the political conception of human rights based on the work of John Rawls. Secondly, it focuses on the reformulation given by Raz and Beitz's approaches. Finally, in the third section, I criticize three main assumptions which ground the current paradigm of political conception of human rights.