Suchergebnisse

Dobro mentalno zdravlje sastavni je dio općeg zdravlja populacije i dobrobiti te pridonosi kvaliteti funkcioniranja pojedinaca, obitelji i zajednica. U novijim se dokumentima Europske unije na mentalno zdravlje gleda kao na preduvjet socijalnog i ekonomskog razvoja nekog društva. Sukladno tome, uloga je donositelja odluka i odgovornost raznih pomažućih profesija da djeluju na socijalne determinante koje utječu na mentalno zdravlje građana. Cilj je ovoga rada predstaviti suvremeno interdisciplinarno područje promocije mentalnog zdravlja te ponuditi prikaz literature o promociji mentalnog zdravlja, polazeći od povijesnog razvoja područja, temeljnih koncepata pa do preporuka za kreiranje programa. Rad rasvjetljava razlike i preklapanja područja promocije mentalnog zdravlja i prevencije mentalnih poremećaja. Promocija je usmjerena na pozitivno mentalno zdravlje, a njezin je glavni cilj jačanje snaga i kompetencija, dok je prevencija usredotočena na smanjivanje rizičnih čimbenika te specifične poremećaje, a cilj joj je smanjiti učestalost, rasprostranjenost i ozbiljnost određenih problema. S obzirom na recentne međunarodne preporuke koje govore da bi se mentalnim zdravljem trebale baviti svi sektori te razne socijalne politike, a ne samo zdravstveni sustav, rad donosi temeljne modele kako bi se pridonijelo istoznačnom razumijevanju pojmova kod različitih pomažućih profesija. Promocija mentalnog zdravlja, koja je multisektorska, obuhvaća aktivnosti i programe za podršku roditeljstvu, za djecu i mlade u obrazovnom sustavu, za područje socijalne i zdravstvene skrbi, kvalitetu života u zajednici i na radnom mjestu. Kako je riječ o interdisciplinarnom području, radom se želi utjecati na znanstveno-stručnu raspravu srodnih disciplina. ; AbstractGood mental health is an integral part of population's general health and well-being that contributes to the quality of functioning of individuals, families and communities. In newer European Union documents, mental health is perceived as a prerequisite for the social and economic growth of each society. According to that, the role of the decision makers and the responsibility of various helping professions is to act towards social determinants which influence mental health.The aim of this paper is to present modern interdisciplinary area of mental health promotion through the review of the literature, starting from the historical development of the area, basic concepts and guidelines for program development. The paper highlights the differences between mental health promotion and prevention of mental disorders. Promotion is connected with positive mental health, and its main goal is strengthening protective factors and competencies. Prevention, on the other hand, aims to reduce risk factors and specific disorders to diminish incidence, prevalence, and seriousness of problems.Regarding recent international developments, which state that mental health should concern various sectors and social policies, not just health sector, this paper brings basic models to contribute to the mutual understanding of the terminology within different professions. Multi-sectoral mental health promotion involves activities and programs for supporting parenthood, and children and youth in the education system, while the area of social welfare and healthcare concerns with the quality of life in a community and within a work place settings. Regarding the interdisciplinary nature of the area, this paper wants to contribute to the scientific and professional discussion of various disciplines which are included. ; Buena salud mental forma parte de la salud general de una populación y del bienestar. Además, contribuye a la calidad del funcionamiento de individuos, familias y comunidades. En los documentos recientes de la Unión Europea la salud mental se considera un requisito previo del desarrollo social y económico de una sociedad. En consecuencia, el papel del tomador de decisiones y la responsabilidad de diferentes profesiones ayudantes es influir en las determinantes sociales que influyen en la salud mental de los ciudadanos. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión es presentar el área interdisciplinaria contemporánea de la promoción de la salud mental y presentar la bibliografía que abarca dicho tema, partiendo del desarrollo histórico y conceptos básicos, hasta llegar a las recomendaciones para crear un programa. El trabajo aclara las diferencias y puntos comunes de las áreas de la promoción de la salud mental y la prevención de trastornos mentales. La promoción está enfocada en la salud mental positiva, y su objetivo principal es fortalecer el poder y las competencias, mientras que la prevención se enfoca en disminuir los factores de riesgo y trastornos específicos, y su objetivo es disminuir la frecuencia, difusión y severidad de ciertos problemas. Como las recomendaciones internacionales recientes afirman que a la salud mental deberían dedicarse todos los sectores y diferentes políticas sociales, y no sólo el sistema sanitario, el trabajo expone los modeles básicos para contribuir a la comprensión idéntica de los términos usados por diferentes profesiones ayudantes. La promoción de la salud mental es multisectorial y abarca actividades y programas para apoyar a los padres, niños y jóvenes en el sistema educativo, para la asistencia social y sanitaria, calidad de la vida, tanto en la comunidad, como en el puesto de trabajo. Como se trata de un área interdisciplinaria, con este trabajo se quiere influir en el debate científico de disciplinas relacionadas.

A novel and felicitous taxonomy of the Islamist spectrum. Several well-known groups, influential works and thinkers are scrutinized in detail and - a rare exception not only for an English-language work - have their practice and worldview cautiously juxtaposed with mainstream orthodox Islamic positions. This book does not only provide data about its subjects, which would make it one of many: more crucially, it gives a rare glimpse into the budding intra-Muslim discourse and reveals a perception of and an approach toward the challenge of Islamist movements that are at variance with those usually put forward for Western audiences.(Schiler)

"In the light of a growing number of unstabilized regions of warfare or post-war conditions, this paper investigates how civilians survive in the context of a civil war. It analyzes livelihood strategies of farmers in the war-torn areas of Sri Lanka. The analytical framework is based on a revised form of DFID's sustainable rural livelihoods approach placing particular attention on the institutional reproduction of household capital assets in the war economy. The paper delineates a three pillar model of household livelihood strategies focusing on how households (i) cope with the increased level of risk and uncertainty, (ii) adjust their economic and social household assets for economic survival, and how they (iii) use their social and political assets as livelihood strategies. Empirically, the paper analyses four local case studies from the east of Sri Lanka. A key conclusion from the empirical studies was that even though the four case studies were located geographically very close, their livelihood outcomes differed considerably depending on the very specific local political geography. The role of social and political assets is thereby essential: While social assets (extended family networks) were important to absorb migrants, political assets (alliances with power holders) were instrumental in enabling individuals, households or economic actors to stabilize or even expand their livelihood options and opportunities. Hence, civilians are not all victims, some may also be culprits in the political economy of warfare. From a perspective of war-winners and losers, war can be both, a threat and an opportunity, often at the same time." (author's abstract)

Das Buch des heutigen Staatspräsidenten der Republik Kroatien stellt zum einen Teil eine primär europabezogene, allgemeinere geschichtswissenschaftliche und geschichtsphilosophische Untersuchung zum Gewaltmißbrauch im Krieg und zu Genozid sowie sog. ethnischer Säuberung dar. Zum anderen Teil werden diese Untersuchungen konzentriert auf die diesbezüglichen Ereignisse in Jugoslavien im 2. Weltkrieg und bei dessen Beendigung, sowie auf das offizielle diesbezügliche Geschichtsbild und die Informationspolitik im kommunistischen Nachkriegsjugoslavien zu Lasten Kroatiens. Auf Grund seiner Methodenkritik und Wirklichkeitsorientierung kann das Werk hierbei als ein Standardwerk beurteilt werden. Die offizielle jugoslavische Angabe von insgesamt ca. 1,7 Mio. Menschen sog. Kriegsverluste erklärt Tudjman realistisch als demographische Verluste, die durch die Kriegs- und unmittelbaren Nachkriegsereignisse verursacht sind und in denen sowohl die Kriegstoten, als auch die Opfer von Genozid, als auch die aus dem Land Vertriebenen, als auch die eines notbedingten, vorzeitigen natürlichen Todes Gestorbenen, als auch der Rückgang der Geburten enthalten sind. Die Zahl aller Kriegs- und Lagertoten im Herrschaftsgebiet des NDH (Kroatien und Bosnien-Hercegovina) gibt Tudjman mit 180.000 - 240.000 an. Für die Verringerung der Zahl der Serben auf dem Gebiet des NDH in der Zeit 1941-1948 als Folge aller möglichen Kriegsereignisse gibt Tudjman aus einer Belgrader Dokumentation von 1986/87 275.943 - 356.000 an (S. 348). Leider fehlen genauere Zahlen für die kroatischen und muslimischen Opfer im Gebiet des serbischen kollaborationistischen Staates unter dem General Milan Nedic und im Operationsgebiet der serbischen Cetnik-Bewegung. Die Zahl der von den britischen Streikräften den kommunistischen Partisanen Titos 1945 in Kärnten in der Nähe von Bleiburg ausgelieferten kroatischen und slovenischen Soldaten und Zivilpersonen wird mit 26.339 angegeben. Der größte Teil dieser Personen starb auf den sog. Todesmärschen durch Jugoslavien. (SOI-Abr)