Suchergebnisse

Het is de weerklank van deze oproep – Vraag het ze gewoon! – uit de mond van historicus en archivaris Rob Perks, hoofd van The British Sound Archive in Londen, die mij als militair historicus en curator van het Interviewproject Nederlandse Veteranen motiveerde om wat sociaalwetenschappelijke onderzoekers vanzelfsprekend vinden ter discussie te stellen. Perks, die leiding geeft aan het grootschalige project National Life Stories van The British Library, reageerde zo op de vraag of het bekend zijn van de identiteit van de geïnterviewden in zijn project niet problematisch was voor de diepte en informatierijkdom van de interviews en voor de omgang met de privacy van de respondenten door de raadplegers van het materiaal.In zijn optiek wordt er te snel van uitgegaan dat mensen alleen anoniem hun verhaal willen doen en dat als ze wel hun identiteit aan het interview koppelen, ze belangrijke informatie zullen achterhouden. Ook weerspreekt hij de overtuiging dat bekendheid van de naam bij de beheerders van het materiaal de respondenten kwetsbaar maakt voor misbruik en schending van privacy. Het is natuurlijk de vraag in hoeverre een archivaris die in Groot-Brittannië als de hoeder van het oral history-erfgoed gezien kan worden, in staat is te beoordelen of bepaalde uitgangspunten van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek die tot doel hebben mensen te beschermen en die gestoeld zijn op decennialange onderzoekservaring, zomaar aan de kant geschoven moeten worden.Feit is dat de maatschappij snel verandert, dat door individualisering en mondigheid mensen veel sterker geneigd zijn zelf te willen beslissen over 'wat goed voor hen is', en dat ervaringen die voorheen geassocieerd werden met het private/persoonlijke domein door de medialisering van het persoonlijke steeds vaker in het publieke domein zijn terug te vinden. Moet de onderzoeker zonder meer in deze ontwikkelingen meegaan?Nee, maar hij moet er wel kennis van nemen. Waar Perks voor pleit, zijn geen wildwesttoestanden met het vrijgeven van persoonlijke data aan Jan en alleman als de 'argeloze verteller' daar zijn fiat aan gegeven heeft. Hij pleit voor het combineren van 'the best of both worlds': de mogelijkheden voor gedifferentieerde toegang en bescherming van privacy die de archiefwetgeving in combinatie met ICT te bieden heeft, en het hele arsenaal aan zorgvuldig verzamelde kwalitatieve data dat veelal slechts eenmaal gebruikt wordt en na het publiceren van het onderzoeksresultaat – ongedigitaliseerd – in de kast verdwijnt.De voorwaarde voor deze combinatie is wel dat het langetermijnperspectief van archivering moet worden besproken met de respondent en moet worden geïntegreerd in het onderzoeksplan. De onderzoeker zou dus met het oog op een toekomstig raadpleger alle aan het onderzoek gerelateerde context moeten documenteren en op een toegankelijke manier ontsluiten. Ook zou hij bereid moeten zijn een deel van de aanvankelijk exclusieve relatie met zijn respondent op te geven. Anderen kunnen dan de wijze waarop hij of zij het materiaal geïnterpreteerd heeft, controleren en beoordelen.De mogelijkheid tot een 'kijkje in de keuken van de data' is bij andere wetenschapsgebieden zo vanzelfsprekend, dat het eigenlijk vreemd is dat het ontbreken daarvan in de wereld van de kwalitatieve data nooit geproblematiseerd is. Wel is het zo dat de vergroting van de werklast vertaald zou moeten worden in wetenschappelijke en financiële credits. Dan motiveer je pas onderzoekers om de onderzoekscultuur te veranderen.

Abstract

Visuals in qualitative social science research

The visual is omnipresent in daily life. Though research is still mainly verbal by nature, visual studies and visual methods have become part of academic social research. This contribution intends to introduce visual methods to students and researchers who are not familiar with the possibilities. First, the reasons why researchers work with visuals are described. Next, following , ) we distinguish between visuals as data, as part of the data collection method and as output of research. Just like in any other research, autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice are the guiding principles when making choices during the research process.

Beroepsbeoefenaren werken elke dag met de verhalen van cliënten, patiënten of bewoners, bijvoorbeeld bij het afnemen van een anamnese vertelt de hulpvrager zijn/haar persoonlijke verhaal. En toch is narratief onderzoek geen populaire onderzoeksmethode, zeker niet onder gezondheidszorgwetenschappers. Maar, als de media-aandacht voor de gezondheidszorg groeit en organisaties tegen de beperkingen van kwantitatieve 'patiëntentevredenheidsonderzoeken' aanlopen, zien we een groei in zogenoemde 'kwaliteitsprojecten' waarin de stem van de cliënt/patiënt/bewoner meer ruimte krijgt in bijvoorbeeld 'spiegelbijeenkomsten'. Als het belang van 'het verhaal van de cliënt' meer aandacht krijgt, zien we ook meer interesse in het werken met narratief onderzoek bij onderzoekers, bijvoorbeeld in het werk van Tineke Abma en Guy Widdershoven (2005, 1998). Het boek van Catherine Kohler Riessman over narratieve methoden komt dan ook 'just-in-time'.

Het concept framing gaat uit van de idee dat gebeurtenissen, personen of kwesties betekenis krijgen door het frame of de invalshoek van waaruit ze in een tekst worden belicht. Frames zijn 'organizing principles that are socially shared and persistent over time, that work symbolically to meaningfully structure the social world' (Reese, 2001: 11). Met andere woorden, in deze visie zijn frames hulpmiddelen, die mensen gebruiken om betekenis te verlenen aan de werkelijkheid, om situaties te definiëren, verantwoordelijkheden en oorzaken aan te duiden, oplossingen aan te geven en om eventueel een moreel oordeel te vellen. In deze verhandeling komt framing aan bod zoals het opgevat wordt in de communicatiewetenschap, en meer specifiek binnen de constructionistische benadering (zie bijvoorbeeld Neuman, Just & Crigler, 1992; zie verder Van Gorp, 2007).

This dissertation reports on the research into Surinamese constitutional law during the military administration between 1980 and 1987. During this period of martial law there was neither an elected parliament nor any other form of authority with parliamentary legitimacy in Suriname. The research into the military administration is predominantly normative research into the formal constitutional arrangement of the Surinamese state during the 1980-1987 era. During the military period, historically developed principles and requirements of the rule of law and democracy were discarded either completely or in part, with some being completely absent and others remaining intact. This turnaround also brought about a fundamental change in the administrative structure and laws of Suriname. In addition, new legal institutions were added to the judicial system.During this period, the then ruling political powers argued that Suriname remained a constitutional democracy and that martial law was only a necessity under the circumstances. To assess to what extent there was democratic rule as well as the justification of the use of martial law, a study was conducted into the theoretics of constitutional democracy and martial law. States often are described as constitutional democracies; however, around the world there are differences as regards to what extent. To measure the degree of democracy, it is tested against internationally recognized frameworks enshrined in international conventions, treaties and doctrines. Theories on the subject of the constitutional democracy and martial law have been developed and fine-tuned over the years. In this research, such theories were applied in order to answer the main question as well as the key questions:How was the setup of the Trias Politica during the 1980 – 1987 military administration?Based on the main question key questions were formulated, namely: 1.How were the three powers arranged?2.What authorities were bestowed upon them?3.How did the three powers relate to each other?4.To what ...

"Migration, Equality and Racism trigger ever more salient societal debates. More than 80 VUB academics and co-authors joined forces for this book. Philosophers, lawyers, psychologists, health scientists, sociologists, geographers, criminologists, communication and political scientists … look at migration, equality and racism from different disciplinary angles.

Together they aim to contribute to an exercise of humanism as a praxis of criticism or a 'technique of trouble-making', in the words of Edward Said. Through 44 thought-provoking and informed opinion pieces, they question widespread beliefs on migration, equality and racism and propose solutions that might disturb.

Let this book be a source of inspiration for those who want to spark an informed debate on the ever more salient issues of migration, equality and racism, for those who want to learn more on how and why humanism has often remained an empty box for migrants and racialized groups. Or for those who are in search of inspiration for a just future for all.

Migration, Equality and Racism is the work of Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) think tank POINcaré and was created under the direction of Ilke Adam, Tundé Adefioye, Serena D'Agostino, Nick Schuermans and Florian Trauner."

Traditionally, the Netherlands has enjoyed being a test market for many ideas in the media. But over the last decade, progress has been severely hampered by lengthy discussions on the future structure of just one sector of media, namely public broadcasting via radio and television. The narrow approach results in a lot of paper, speeches and theories, but little in the way of definitive policy making. In a report to the government, published in February 2005, the Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) argued for very different approaches to policy making. The recommendations are not only much broader than "broadcasting"; they tackle the challenges of making robust policy from new angles. Instead of trying to repair the old compass, the approach has been to find new instruments to help policymakers navigate the stormy and often confusing waters ahead. Perhaps the problem in the Netherlands is not accepting the new media, but rather accepting that the role "old" media has undergone a paradigm shift. Since the bulk of the WRR findings were published in the Dutch language, this summary is intended to provide readers outside the Netherlands with an insight into the issues at stake - and the solutions suggested by the WRR. Also available in English: "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789053568262&l=2">Media Policy for the Digital Age

Access to the target group
In participatory action research (PAR) the research team should include researchers and experts by experience (and their allies affected by the issue). PAR emphasizes collective inquiry and contribution to changes in policy and practice.
In their opening essay Sergeant and Van de Merbel state that it is not enough to promote PAR as a vital way in bringing positive change in policy and practice. In order to conduct PAR in an ethical and just way, one needs to create room, space and time for PAR. PAR is more than a method; it needs time, good overthinking, collaborative reflection, creative research methods, coaching and training for all research group members, and – as Xavier Moonen states in his reply – sometimes also protection of vulnerable people. Moonen argues that this vulnerability should be taken into account and experts by experience should be protected from tokenism and research that does not meet their interests. This means, according to Moonen, that ethical considerations must be made. Gatekeepers should keep in mind that participation is a basic right and that pro's and con's should be considered in that light.
In reaction to Moonen, Sergeant presents the 'Working together, learning together' and the results that come from this research project. She pleads for respecting intergroup-diversity within target groups and for looking beyond procedural ethical issues towards crossing the boundaries between dis- and ability.

This book deals with community-building as it manifested itself in early modern 's-Hertogenbosch. Citizenship and autonomous collective organisations were phenomena that were present in all West-European cities. Mostly men organised themselves in among others civic militias, craft-guilds and the reformed congregation: corporations that may be considered the most important institutions of the middling sort. The members of the corporate institutions rendered their services to a great extent to the master-corporation, their domicile. On the basis of the situation in 's-Hertogenbosch the following questions will be answered: 1. how was civil society formed in Dutch cities in the seventeenth and eighteenth century; 2. in what way did the corporate institutions contribute to the local community-building; 3. how did these social connections develop in time. Craft-guilds, civic militias and the church created a bond between the people. By their regulations members of these corporations took up a juridically clearly defined position towards the inhabitants who did not belong, and especially towards foreigners. In the corporations individual freedom was not sought as its highest goal, but the welfare of the collective. The corporations offered their members dignity, social acceptance, participation, sociability and protection in times of distress, and they bore responsibility for the organization of the city. In this book there is definitely a place for conflict as well. A harmonious and prosperous society is in the view of communautarists like Robert Putnam's almost the natural outcome from citizens cooperating in unions. Conflict forms an essential part of the interaction between people. In spite of the conflicts corporations did not collapse. Corporations underlined the importance of the social bond for the individual as well as the community. The main obstacle was religion. The policy of the town council was directed towards a fair and just treatment of the different confessions within the framework of the Capitulation Treaty of 1629 and the "laws of The Hague". The town council was the guardian of the common interest and it corrected the corporations that were inclined to serve their own ends. Skipping the details Robert Putnam draws attention to the corporations in North-Italian city-states that caused civil communities to bloom. Putnam relates this to the present American society. He just like Amitai Etzioni, another important community-thinker, recognizes the importance of social connections in which members cooperate, have discussions and in doing so keep democracy alive. Communautarists pay attention to the transmitting of norms and values. Corporations in early modern times also were emphatically engaged in this. What applied to Putnam's city-states in the late Middle Ages also applies to the corporations in early modern 's-Hertogenbosch. Members of the corporations created a lively culture of discussion, a necessary condition for a community on its way to democracy. (Jonathan Israel states that 'the democratic republic [started] in the Republiek') In order to deliberate with one another it is important that the partners in deliberation trust one another. Cooperating within social connections and delegating responsibilities is only possible, as Fukuyama points out, if there is trust. Both within the guilds and the militias this trust could grow because quite soon after the Reduction of 1629 the catholic and reformed members started to work on the ecumenicity of everyday life. Schilling and Blickle both ascertain, ignoring details, that changes into a democratic direction in early modern times were initiated bottom-up in small connections. The discussion that Tönnies started on Gesellschaft und Gemeinschaft is still very much alive especially when we take into account the 'golden rules' of Etzioni. He draws attention to the smaller connections - intermediary institutions - that a democratic communitarian society, a 'community of communities' needs if it is to stay alive.

Since some years there has been a significant trend in the democratization of health care in the Netherlands. Where in the old days patients used to be able to just rest and receive care, nowadays they have to get active. Not only do they have to keep working as much as possible, they are expected to actively participate in their own treatment, like finding out where you can get the best doctor or how to give yourself injections. Also they have to participate in client councils of the hospital. In this book, Margo Trappenburg discusses the positive but foremost the negative aspects of this hyper- democratization of health care. - Nog niet zo lang geleden betekende ziek zijn dat je was vrijgesteld van maatschappelijke verplichtingen. Zieken mochten verzuimen van hun werk en zieken hoefden niet mee te doen aan sociale evenementen die zij niet aankonden. Ziek zijn was misschien niet leuk, maar je rustte er wel lekker van uit. Tegenwoordig ligt dat heel anders. Van zieken wordt verwacht dat zij zoveel mogelijk blijven werken en hun normale taken blijven doen. Teveel rust heet therapeutisch onverantwoord. Naast de normale verplichtingen van gezonde burgers krijgen zieken er zelfs een groot aantal taken bij. Zij moeten actief participeren in hun eigen behandeling, ze moeten zichzelf leren prikken, stoma-zakjes verwisselen, oefeningen doen, uitzoeken waar de beste arts zit voor hun specifieke kwaal, en uitzoeken bij welke verzekeraar zij zich het best kunnen inschrijven als klant. Daarnaast moeten ze idealiter meepraten in de cliëntenraad van het ziekenhuis of de instelling waar zij worden behandeld, meedenken met de medici die richtlijnen opstellen over hun ziekte, meepraten met onderzoekers die van hen willen horen waarnaar zij onderzoek zouden willen doen, meedenken met de overheid over zorgvoorzieningen en het basisverzekeringspakket en meedoen aan talloze cursussen, symposia, en themamiddagen over vraagsturing, empowerment en 'het patiëntenperspectief'. Margo Trappenburg bespreekt in Genoeg is genoeg de positieve, maar vooral ook de negatieve gevolgen van deze hyperdemocratisering in de zorg.

Ten years ago, now, the Eurozone began to shake on its foundations. This article traces the genesis of the crisis and the present state of affairs. As to the causes of the global financial crisis in 2008, I argue that contrary to common understanding, the financial crisis had its deeper causes in a decades old tendency towards crisis in the real economy, produced by the continuous overaccumulation of capital which can only return profits by undertaking speculative short-term investments (a phenomenon known as 'financialisation'). I then trace how the global financial crisis morphed into a crisis of public deficits and debt in 2010-2011, particularly in the Eurozone. Three factors are shown to be responsible: financialization, design faults in the European monetary union, and the neo-mercantilist strategy of especially Germany and the Netherlands. The paper next looks at the five main traits of the policy responses in the Eurozone: bailing out governments and banks through creating emergency funds; imposition of austerity and budget discipline for member state governments; attempting to create and complete a Eurozone banking union; subsequently the European Central Bank engaged on an unprecedented scale in 'quantitative easing'; and finally, institutional reform in an attempt to repair the most pressing design faults of the EMU. The paper concludes that the underlying structural factors leading up to the crisis have only been addressed incompletely: the overaccumulation of capital continues, the completion of the banking union is in an impasse, quantitative easing has mostly just intensified financialization by pushing up asset prizes, and institutional reform has taken the form of a fundamentally undemocratic attempt at monetary and political union by stealth. The broader legitimacy of the European project has been substantially undermined, and Europe is not in a better position than eight years ago in case of a new global crisis.

Third-country nationals can use regulation 1231/10 to invoke regulation 883/04, However, the territorial limitation imposed by regulation 1231/10 still limits third-country nationals. The main issue is that regulation 1231/10 is restricted to EU territory. Outside of the EU, any requirement regarding equal treatment in accordance with regulation 1231/10 is not applicable. Decision 3/80, the European Convention on Social Security, the Dutch-Turkish social security treaty and ILO Treaty 118 also consider facts outside of the EU, as demonstrated by figures of the Employee Insurance Agency and Social Insurance Bank. Relevant facts outside of the EU include for example the periods of time third-country nationals lived and worked in third countries and the export of benefits to these countries. My proposal to conclude new treaties with third countries on the EU level was discussed in the context of the four analysed coordination schemes. In the discussion, I have researched what possibilities exist to include the techniques of the involved schemes in treaties with third countries, to address those exact issues faced by third country nationals as a result of the limited territorial scope of regulation 1231/10. In addition to facing possible issues because the territorial scope is limited to the EU, third-country nationals also face issues from regulation 1231/10 resulting from the requirement that a third-country national must be in a situation which is not confined in all respects within a single EU Member State. We have seen that the analysed coordination schemes do not require the cross-border movement between at least two EU Member States before involved persons can call upon the concerned coordination schemes. With respect to these coordination schemes, it suffices that the involved persons move from one treaty country to another. This is therefore not limited to just EU Member States. There are no relevant objections for cancelling the requirement that third-country nationals as a result of regulation 1231/10 ...

Traditionally, the Netherlands has enjoyed being a test market for many ideas in the media. But over the last decade, progress has been severely hampered by lengthy discussions on the future structure of just one sector of media, namely public broadcasting via radio and television. The narrow approach results in a lot of paper, speeches and theories, but little in the way of definitive policy making. In a report to the government, published in February 2005, the Scientific Council for Government Policy (WRR) argued for very different approaches to policy making. The recommendations are not only much broader than "broadcasting"; they tackle the challenges of making robust policy from new angles. Instead of trying to repair the old compass, the approach has been to find new instruments to help policymakers navigate the stormy and often confusing waters ahead. Perhaps the problem in the Netherlands is not accepting the new media, but rather accepting that the role "old" media has undergone a paradigm shift. Since the bulk of the WRR findings were published in the Dutch language, this summary is intended to provide readers outside the Netherlands with an insight into the issues at stake - and the solutions suggested by the WRR. Also available in English: "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789053568262&l=2">Media Policy for the Digital Age - Voor een gezonde democratie is een gevarieerd en toegankelijk media-aanbod van groot belang. Radio, televisie, kranten en tijdschriften spelen immers een belangrijke rol in de maatschappelijke informatievoorziening, het publieke debat, de cultuur, de vrijetijdsbesteding en de ontspanning. Het mediabeleid van de regering is er daarom op gericht een veelzijdig, kwalitatief hoogwaardig en onafhankelijk media-aanbod te garanderen, dat toegankelijk is voor alle bevolkingsgroepen waar ook in het land. De laatste jaren is het medialandschap echter sterk aan het veranderen: het internet rukt op, het onderscheid tussen verschillende media vervaagt en de consument bepaalt zijn keuze op een levendige market van vele verschillende aanbieders. in Focus op functies brengt de WRR advies uit aan de regering om daarmee de doelstellingen van het mediabeleid op een toekomstbestendige wijze op een lijn te brengen met de (verwachte) veranderingen in het medialandschap. In het slothoofdstuk wordt dieper ingegaan op de rol van de publieke omroep daarin. Dit rapport verschijnt ook in het Engels: "http://www.aup.nl/do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789053568262&l=2">Media Policy for the Digital Age. Tegelijkertijd met het rapport is "./do.php?a=show_visitor_book&isbn=9789053567340">Trends in het medialandschap. Vier verkenningen verschenen waarin de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen voor de toekomst van het medialandschap in vier deelterreinen (economie, techniek, recht en sociaal-culturele ontwikkelingen) worden beschreven.