During the last two centuries, the military in Latin America has been involved in politics in a characteristic duality of professionalism and political 'calling', by political armies of the right and the left. In both cases, a kind of 'military mystique' prevails, but its content is different. In both cases, the military justifies its involvement as a consequence of its necessary correcting and transforming vanguard role in politics and society. The two characteristics of dual functions (internal and internal security) and dual pathways (professionalism and political missions) are a revolving theme in this article.
The Latin American Area Studies Program was designed to enable students to cross college and departmental lines to pursue, with the study of Spanish, a coordinated study of the geographical, cultural, socio-economic and political life of Latin American countries. The collection is composed of newsletters and an announcement for a course in Latin American politics.
In recent years, women have become prominent on the Latin American filmmaking scene, with exciting and challenging films that are achieving domestic and global prominence. Latin American Women Filmmakers: Production, Politics, Poetics examines this emergence of a body of internationally distributed films by Latin American women, and the national cinematic histories and international production contexts within which this work has arisen. Bringing together distinguished scholars of Latin American cinema, this book features exciting research on established and emerging directors – including Lucrecia Martel, Claudia Llosa and Lucía Puenzo – as well as a focus on influential female producer-auteurs, and sets these key agents and contemporary developments in historical context.
The 1990s saw a shift to the left in Latin American politics. However, there no studies comprehensively analyze political ideology and its determinants in Latin America during and after this period. Using survey data from 1996-2010, this paper makes two contributions. First, it finds that political ideology is determined by subjective perceptions on the state of the economy and society. Second, it finds that the probability of being more leftist has not significantly increased. Two theories that argue that political outcomes do not necessarily reflect the political ideology of the median voter are reviewed to explain the findings.
The relationship among law, politics and global governance in Latin America has deepened. In recent years, the region has undergone important transformations, which include the expansion of democracy, difficulty to control over populism, corruption, drug traffic and the greater integration of the region in the international legal framework. There was an important maturity in politics and law, albeit often fragile and insufficient in the context of the region. Debates such as the right to development, participatory democracy, the new constitutionalism and the greater presence of the countries in international regimes of the global governance region contributed to the advance of the Latin American society. This study analyzes in the past ten years the major advances that Latin American society got among law, politics and global governance. / La relación entre derecho, política y gobernabilidad global en América Latina se ha profundizado. En los últimos años, la región ha sufrido transformaciones importantes, que incluyen la expansión de la democracia, la dificultad de control sobre el populismo, la corrupción, el tráfico de drogas y la mayor integración de la región en el marco jurídico internacional. Hubo una madurez importante en la política y el derecho, aunque frecuentemente frágil e insuficiente en el contexto de la región. Debates como el derecho al desarrollo, la democracia participativa, el nuevo constitucionalismo y la mayor presencia de los países en los regímenes internacionales de la región de gobierno global contribuyeron para el avance de la sociedad latinoamericana. Este estudio presenta un análisis de los grandes avances que la sociedad de América Latina ya ha recibido entre el derecho, la política y la gobernabilidad global en los últimos diez años.
[EN] The paper shows how data from PELA project conducted at Salamanca University in Spain can be also applied to study political competence following representative opinions from their own careers. There is also an essay to figure out an index of political competition
After the close of the 2003 World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial meeting in Cancun, Mexico, United States Trade Representative Robert Zoellick unleashed a stinging attack on Brazil and its Latin American partners in the G-20 trade negotiating coalition. Lamenting the failure to reach agreement on the US/EU proposal to conclude the Doha round, Zoellick (2003) bemoaned Brazil's 'tactics of confrontation', refusal to compromise, and insistence on a 'massive list of required changes' to the chairperson's discussion text. These tensions between the Brazilian-led G-20 negotiating coalition and the US offer a highly illustrative entry point to understanding the key elements of contemporary Latin American diplomacy, the subject of this chapter. In order to grapple with the practice and precepts of Latin American diplomacy we will draw out five points embedded within post Cancun rhetorical fracas and amplify them through reference to other cases and the conceptual thinking of scholars and analysts based in the region. The approach we take in our analysis of Latin American diplomacy is predominantly at the state level, examining the patterns and habits of interaction exhibited by governments in the region.
Following an extended period of near silence on the subject, many social and political philosophers are now treating immigration as a central theme of the discipline. For the first time, this edited volume brings together original works by prominent philosophers writing about immigration ethics from within a Latin American context. Without eschewing relevant conceptual resources derived from European and Anglo-American philosophies, the essays in this book emphasize Latin American and Latinx philosophies, decolonial and feminist theories, and Indigenous philosophies of Latin America, in the pursuit of an immigration ethics. The contributors explore the moral challenges of immigration that either arise within Latin America, or when Latin Americans and Latina/o/xs migrate to and reside within the United States. Uniquely, some chapters focus on south to south migration. Contributors also examine Latina/o/x experiences in the United States, addressing the lacuna of philosophical writing on migration, maternity, and childhood. Latin American Immigration Ethics advances philosophical conversations and debates about immigration by theorizing migration from the Latin American and Latinx context. Contributors Luis Rubén Díaz Cepeda, Lori Gallegos, Margaret Griesse, Eduardo Mendieta, José Jorge Mendoza, Amos Nascimento, Carlos Pereda, Silvana Rabinovich, Amy Reed-Sandoval, Raúl Villarroel, Allison B. Wolf
This essay reviews the following works:Peruvian Lives across Borders: Power, Exclusion, and Home. By M. Cristina Alcalde. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 230. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252083464. Decolonizing Ethnography: Undocumented Immigrants and New Directions in Social Science. By Carolina Alonso Bejarano, Lucia López Juárez, Mirian A. Mijangos García, and Daniel M. Goldstein. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. Pp. xi + 184. $24.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781478003953. Accountability across Borders: Migrant Rights in North America. Edited by Xóchitl Bada and Shannon Gleeson. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2019. Pp. vii + 325. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781477318362. Emigrants Get Political: Mexican Migrants Engage Their Home Towns. By Michael S. Danielson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. ix + 264. $74.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780190679972. Telling Migrant Stories: Latin American Diaspora in Documentary Film. Edited by Esteban E. Loustaunau and Lauren E. Shaw. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2018. Pp. 339. $89.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9781683400233. The Immigrant Rights Movement: The Battle over National Citizenship. By Walter J. Nicholls. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2019. Pp. xi + 296. $25.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781503609327. Undocumented Lives: The Untold Story of Mexican Migration. By Ana Raquel Minian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. Pp. 328. $29.95 hardcover. ISBN: 9780674737037. The Undocumented Everyday: Migrant Lives and the Politics of Visibility. By Rebecca M. Schreiber. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Pp. vii + 370. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9781517900236.
The list of nearly 300 serial titles covers the Latin American literature of entomology comprehensively. Titles in the areas of general zoology plus plant and animal pathology are also included when they are substantially entomological in content. Serials included are published by governmental agencies at various levels, as well as commercial firms and scientific societies.
Mexico, Venezuela and Brazil contribute about 30 percent of world production of heavy and extra heavy crude oil, estimated at around 15 mb/d in 2012. Each of these three countries has a distinctive future production profile. Latin America will continue to run a surplus of heavy crude, but the supply of these types of grade will be increasingly restricted, either as a result of the natural decline in its fields, lack of investment, limited access to technology, political uncertainties or particular strategies in the energy sector leading to increasing domestic demand. This article explores some of the reasons behind the supply slowdown of heavy crude oil expected in each of these Latin American countries and some consequences in the international oil market over the next few years.
This paper explores the role of women in leadership in Latin American Regionalism and, more specifically, the incorporation of gender commitments at the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (celac), focusing on the case of the overlapping mandates, during the period 2011-2014, of three women in the Presidencies of Chile, Argentina and Brazil: Michelle Bachelet, Cristina Kirchner, and Dilma Rousseff, respectively. The paper draws on feminist approaches and the literature of women and leadership, and incorporates peculiarities pointed out in the literature of Latin American regionalism, such as weak institutions, presidential diplomacy, and active transnational advocacy networks. The main argument advanced is that the effect of women in leadership cannot be taken for granted as gender was not a priority during the governments of these presidents. The more diffuse commitment to human rights, which they all shared, as well as their symbolic empowerment effect might have strengthened the gender cause advanced by civil society and transnational advocacy networks.
In 2013, the Civil Liberties Act (CLA) of 1988, the U.S. government legislation which provided for a formal apology and a payment of $20,000 to each surviving Japanese American citizen and Japanese resident alien interned during World War II, celebrated its twentieth-fifth anniversary. Indeed, since its passage, the CLA has been upheld as a piece of "landmark legislation"—a precedent and even a model for subsequent redress and reparations movements; these are movements not only within the U.S. but around the world. Still, I find that the so-called "success" of Japanese American redress remains haunted—haunted by the memories of the 2,264 Japanese Latin Americans (JLAs) who were, in effect, kidnapped upon U.S. order by the governments of thirteen Latin American countries and brought to U.S. concentration camps whereby hundreds were then used in a U.S. hostage exchange program with Japan. Despite their efforts, these internees were denied recognition under the CLA and only after filing a class-action lawsuit against the U.S. government in 1998 were offered a sum of just $5,000. This dissertation maps the varied discourses marking the subsequent attempts at governmental redress for the JLA deportation and internment program over the last thirty some years. Probing the question of historical justice for racialized state violence within the overlapping contexts of U.S. empire and international human rights regimes, it asks: What are the transformative possibilities and limits of "redress" as the late-modern paradigmatic logic for racial/social justice, including its underlying liberal humanist ethicality of violence, redemption and justice? What does this case in particular open up in terms of the politics of knowledge and historical justice concerning U.S. global reach and hegemony in the Americas and U.S. empire more broadly at the current global historical moment? Ultimately, this project, deploying a rigorously interdisciplinary approach, both illuminates the very paradigmatic violence of redress as late-modern juridical justice, including its formative role as a fundamental condition of U.S. empire since the end of the cold war, and, at the same time, reveals the very paradigmatic productivity of such violence—its opening up of alternative imaginings and praxis of justice located not within the law itself but precisely in its critique and deconstruction.
This dissertation argues that the intense politicization of Latin American prose fiction in the mid-twentieth century creates a textual field so potent that the smallest narrative units brim with political significance. Through analysis of two mid-century authors, Peruvian José María Arguedas and Mexican Juan Rulfo, I demonstrate how by reading at a smaller scale, with sensitivity to minute manipulations of form, we at once enrich and complicate our understanding of their fiction's aesthetic and political aims. Moving beyond immediately visible formal categories such as plot structure and dialect, I explore how Rulfo and Arguedas deploy subtle, strange, and inventive narrative strategies--such as understated descriptive passages and small-scale mimetic lapses--in order to lay bare entrenched colonial patterns of thought and behavior and to model pluralistic, egalitarian modes of discourse and perception. This politicized mobilization of the formal categories of fiction is what I call "narrative activism." Following Bakhtin, I explore novels and short stories as imaginative democracies--resonant with the cacophony of dissenting voices--built up from the textual grassroots: the double-voiced word or phrase, the quiet shift in narrative perspective. My analysis also draws on classical narratology, feminist narratology, and the new field of unnatural narratology, yet I do not privilege narrative form at the expense of political concerns. Rather, the dissertation models a method of reading suited to mid-century prose works, whose subtle and complex formal properties constitute the very locus of their engagement with political issues. Though analysis of form has animated prior critical approaches to Rulfo and Arguedas, perhaps most famously in Ángel Rama's account of their fiction as narrative transculturation, I contend that these studies lack the fine-tuned analysis narratology enables and mid-century texts reward. The tools of narratology allow me to isolate and examine textual properties prior critics have not seen in order to bring into clearer focus the political stakes, ambitions, and agency of the mid-century tradition. Across four chapters I offer readings of the politics of form thus conceived, but I also engage the work of such theorists as Susan Sniader Lanser and Geoffrey Galt Harpham to consider how prose fiction from the 1940s and 50s--conceived by its authors as ethically and politically relevant, then further politicized by its reading public--takes readerly transformation as its ultimate end. Chapter One, "José María Arguedas and the Reinvention of Narrative Voice: A New Look at Yawar Fiesta," analyzes Arguedas's reinvention of narrative voice in an overlooked work of mid-century fiction. Chapter Two, "The Politics of Description in Arguedas's Los ríos profundos," complements this focus on narrative voice in Arguedas's work with analysis of the politics of the sensory body as worked out in obscure passages of narrative description. Chapter Three, "The Narratee, The Reader, and the Problem of Judgment in Juan Rulfo's `¡Diles que no me maten!'," argues for the crucial, yet widely unacknowledged, role played by the narratee in the politics of Juan Rulfo's fiction. Chapter Four, "Heteroglossia in Latin American Fiction: Rulfo's Pedro Páramo," argues that heteroglossia constitutes an important mode of narrative activism in Pedro Páramo and relates this claim to Ángel Rama's and Roberto González Echevarría's heteroglossic theories of Latin American fiction. Throughout the dissertation, I demonstrate how attention to small, seemingly marginal details of mid-century fiction illuminates the texts' political commitments in unexpectedly powerful ways.
