Suchergebnisse

The review presents the manuscript of the textbook "Criminalistics", which is being prepared for publication. In the manuscript, the authors of the textbook, based on the established traditional approaches to criminology textbooks that have developed in Russian science, consistently present the material that is conceptually linked by the table of contents of the publication. It pays special attention not only to the already established and well-established educational knowledge, but also to the knowledge relevant to the current situation in which the law enforcement agencies of Russia function. Consistently in the sections of the criminalistics system in the textbook, the issues of criminalistic identification, forecasting, situational modeling and the basics of information and methodological use of criminalistics data in other types of law enforcement activities are revealed. The textbook reflects almost all the institutes of technical support of the investigation, including the issues of genetic identification of the individual, the study of computer information, the basics of the use of "artificial" intelligence in the investigation of crimes, expert activity in the investigation. Special attention is paid to the tactics of verbal and non-verbal investigative actions. For the first time, the issue of establishing causal relationships in the process of investigating crimes is considered. In the system of private forensic techniques, the authors have included both traditional and current methods of investigating crimes against public security and state power, terrorist and extremist orientation, official and official crimes, as well as crimes committed in the field of computer information.

Pedagogical researches in the field of the high education show that the increase in rupture between professional training experts and their spiritually-moral
culture is observed. Therefore spiritual updating of a modern Russian society in the
conditions of active transformation of all parties of his life becomes problem the
state importance. The given problem relevant search of formations of spirituallymoral culture of students in system formations both on theoretical, and at remedial
level.
Formation of spiritually-moral culture very important for professional activity. Spirituality of the employee of law-enforcement bodies is defined by that, what
does he think of the activity, as it attitude as co-ordinates interests and requirements with it as in its pony-mania professional work is interfaced with social and
spirits the significant values of a society. We approach to the decision of the put
problem is system, having accepted the system approach for methodology, permit
to develop is substantial-theoretical, is standard-organizational, administrative
conditions for spiritually-moral formation of graduates of high school.
The author comes to a conclusion that the technology of modeling by training in high school represents the mechanism of interaction of components of complete system, in which means of realization of the purposes are provided purposefulness and organized activity of subjects of education and the self-education,
promoting of spiritually-moral qualities at the future experts of law-enforcement
bodies.

The article discusses the features of teaching municipal law at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. This was in uenced by various factors, the central place among which is the dynamics of ideas about the essence of local self-government. The issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law, Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood. Devoting their work to the problems of the organization and activities of local authorities, the teachers of the department, on the one hand, maintained the continuity of scienti c views, strengthening the traditions of the national state-law school, and on the other hand, they created the foundation for future statelegal (constitutionallegal) transformations, sensitively responding to the requirements of the time, and sometimes ahead of them. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law and Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The paper points to the contribution that the teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood as a whole.

The article highlights the pedagogical and educational-methodical work of professor S. M. Korneev, including his work on the systematics of the civil law course. On this basis, the main goals and objectives of university (higher) legal education in the field of civil law are revealed. With reference to the works of the classics of Russian civil law I. A. Pokrovsky, L. I. Petrazhitsky and others, devoted to the issues of methods of teaching civil law, the necessity of studying in law schools not only and not so much the content of the current legislation and the judicial practice of its application (i. e. jurisprudence), as the conceptual foundations of civil science (i. e. jurisprudence) is substantiated on this basis, students develop the skills of legal thinking, based on their understanding of the essence and principles of civil (private) law, the moral side of civil law regulation and its focus on achieving social justice. From these positions, attempts are criticized to fundamentally reorient the university training of lawyers from a general theoretical to a "practice-oriented" model that does not take into account the constant changes in modern legislation, as well as the various shortcomings and errors in both its content and the judicial practice of its application.

В статье предлагается пересмотреть отдельные стороны состояния юридического образования в России. Пересмотр обозначенных в работе аспектов образовательной политики необходим в целях модернизации и повышения профессионального образования, мастерства и навыков, качества выпускников юридических вузов и ссузов с учетом отечественного и зарубежного опыта, а также имеющихся современных проблем и потребностей следственно-судебной практики. В работе использована совокупность общенаучных методов теоретического познания, общелогических методов и приемов исследования, историко-правового метода, а также последовательной диалектики изучения состояния юридического образования. В результате исследования авторы приходят к выводу о наличии системных «сбоев» в работе подготовки юридических кадров. Это связано и с условиями перехода сферы профессионального образования к рыночным отношениям, и слабостью теоретической подготовки будущих специалистов в области юриспруденции. Отдельно выделяются, с одной стороны, кадровый голод в преподавателях юридического профиля, с другой – низкая квалификация преподавателей юридических вузов. Научная и практическая значимость исследования обуславливаются тем, что для совершенствования образовательных практик авторы предлагают направить усилия на создание необходимых условий для осуществления «прорыва» в деле подготовки специалистов для правоохранительных органов, реализовав эти усилия в формате работы на специальных ситуационных площадках.
The article proposes to review certain aspects of the state of legal education in Russia. The revision of the aspects of educational policy outlined in the work is necessary in order to modernize and improve professional education, skills and abilities, the quality of training of graduates of law universities and secondary specialized colleges, taking into account Russian and foreign experience, as well as the existing modern problems and needs of investigative and judicial practice. The authors use a combination of general scientific methods of theoretical cognition, general logical methods and research techniques, historical and legal method, as well as existing modern problems and needs of investigative and judicial practice. The work uses a set of general scientific methods of theoretical cognition, general logical methods and techniques of research, historical and legal method, as well as a consistent dialectic of studying the state of legal education. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that there are systemic "failures" in the work of training of legal personnel. This is also due to the conditions of transition to market relations in the field of vocational education and the weakness of theoretical training of future specialists in the field of jurisprudence. There is, on the one hand, the shortage of legal teachers and, on the other hand, the low qualification of law school teachers. The scientific and practical significance of this study is due to the fact that in order to improve educational practices, the authors propose to direct efforts to create the necessary conditions for the implementation of a "breakthrough" in the training of specialists for law enforcement agencies by implementing these efforts in the format of work on special situational platforms.

In our modern world electoral sociology, which is under constant scrutiny by the general public, as well as members of the media, in many ways shapes the image of sociology as a scientific discipline. Today sociology is often represented by media reports about the results of public opinion polls on the subject of politics and electoral affairs. Meanwhile a certain other trend is apparent: the high expectations imposed on electoral studies, as well as on their verifiability and efficiency, encourage the further development of sociological research and sociology in general. Scientific studies on electoral processes are defined by the convergence of various schools and paradigms of research, which implies an overlapping of different approaches and methods. This article presents the stages of electoral sociology's development, from "straw polls" to contemporary theories of electoral behavior (the straw poll stage, electoral sociology in the 1930's and 1940's, ecological analysis in electoral sociology, the behavioral approach, the sociological theory on electoral behavior, the socio-psychological theory of electoral behavior, the theory of instrumental rationality), which in modern electoral sociology are known as "post-Gallup" theories. The author reveals the main characteristics of each stage of modern electoral sociology's development, while highlighting its achievements and value, and giving a comprehensive analysis of modern theories of electoral behavior, with regards to issues located on the line between political sociology and sociology of law. Among these issues special consideration is given to elections as a political phenomenon, the political culture and political attitudes of the electorate, features of voting systems, political mechanisms and electoral technologies.