The recent surge of interest in the neuroscience of autism, HIV/AIDS, cancer, Alzheimer's, and other disorders has brought with it an increasing awareness of the effects of medical conditions on the brain and behavior - an awareness extending through the research and practice arenas, among those working with pediatric and adult clients alike. Comprehensive in scope and highly detailed in its coverage, the "Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology" is organized to give readers knowledge of the field, whether one needs to understand a clinical evaluation, design a research study, or gain a.
Throughout history, new ideas in medicine or science have met initial resistance by entrenched medical or scientific communities. Barriers to medical innovation fall into six main categories as listed here in order of historical chronology: (1) Theological, (2) Academic, (3) Scientific, (4) Financial, (5) Governmental, and (6) Commercial. Researchers in the field of neuroinflammation often encounter such obstacles that may include denialism. Despite these barriers, recognition of the therapeutic potential of targeting neuroinflammation for treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, spinal pain, and a variety of additional brain disorders has accelerated in the past 10 years. Consequently, a paradigm shift in scientific thinking regarding neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target is now underway.
"Gentleman scientist Sir Francis Galton followed much of Spencer's drift. He was, in addition, very practically minded. In possession of a fortune (inherited) Galton was able to indulge many interests. Travels in Africa in the 1850s had already convinced him of the mental inferiority of its natives. He had read Charles Darwin's theory, conversed 19 with Spencer, and became convinced that there is something he called "natural ability". It varies substantially among people, he argued, just like height and weight, and is distributed like the bell-shaped curve. Later he observed that members of the British establishment were often related to each other. That convinced him that differences in intelligence must lie in biological inheritance, which also implied that society could be improved through eugenics, or selective breeding programs. However, he realized, that would need some measure, "for the indications of superior strains or races, and in so favouring them that their progeny shall outnumber and gradually replace that of the old one""--
"Environmental pollution is a risk factor for illnesses, including nervous system disorders. This book combines the highlights the effects of environmental pollution on brain biology. It will be an overview of the pathophysiological and oxidative stress mechanisms and how environmental pollution affects brain biology"--
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Why can two people use a drug and one person becomes addicted while the other does not? Determinants of Addiction: Neurobiological, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sociocultural Factors unravels the complexities underlying addiction to understand how individual factors at the genetic, cellular, anatomical, cognitive-behavioral, and sociocultural level can influence susceptibility to substance use disorders. The first section reviews the neurobiological determinants of addiction and examines how drugs hijack the reward pathway and alter numerous neurotransmitter systems such as dopamine. The second section covers the behavioral-cognitive determinants of addiction such a conditioning, memory processes, and decision-making. The final section examines individual differences in addiction vulnerability, with a focus on personality factors, sociocultural factors, sex/gender, and stress. The book references commonly used drugs such as nicotine, ethanol (alcohol), opioids, and cocaine
New ways of understanding the brain - its nature, its capacities, its function, and its dysfunction - hold great promise for human wellbeing. Novel therapeutics spurred by this understanding have important roles addressing many clinical conditions, including Alzheimer Disease, depression, addiction, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This unique title explores a wide range of groundbreaking sciences and clinical practices for brain-based conditions, including deep brain stimulation, optogenetics, technology-delivered therapies, predictive testing, and new clinical uses of ketamine, cannabis, and other psychoactive substances. An introduction to the imperative to develop new treatments for devastating brain disorders and the state of current therapeutics in psychiatry, addiction, and behavioral disorders is presented, and chapters from leading physician-scientists and neuroethicists outline the clinical and the ethical issues arising in innovation and in the creation of new therapeutics for brain diseases. Written by renowned thought leaders in their fields, the book presents tightly written contributions on novel qualitative and quantitative data from stakeholders in the field, including neuroscientist-clinicians, people living with mental illness and/or addictions, and oversight/policy stakeholders. Concise, anticipatory, and centered on the principles governing human biomedical research and innovation in developing novel therapeutics for brain disorders, Ethics and Clinical Neuroinnovation will be of great value to clinicians, researchers, and students from a vast array of backgrounds, including neuroethics, neuroscience, psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, entrepreneurship, and the law
Introduction: Human papillomavirus infection considers one of the leading causes of infection-related cancer worldwide. The general public's range of knowledge and understanding of human papillomavirus is low; the present study was done intending to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of patients with human papillomavirus and the effectiveness of educational intervention in those patients. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study. The study population included patients with genital human papillomavirus referred to Dermatology Clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2020. The patients filled out a pre-test questionnaire. In the next step, they were trained by the treating physician about the disease, transmission ways, complications, treatment methods, and laboratory tests, and available vaccines. After that, an educational pamphlet was given to the patient to complete and review the information. Moreover, a post-test was performed in the patient's next visit. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: 92 patients were included in the study. The levels of knowledge and attitude of patients were between 50 to 65% before training and training had a significant impact on improving the level of knowledge and attitude of patients (P 0.001) so that the level of knowledge and attitude of patients reached above 95%. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, and level of education were not related to the initial knowledge and attitude of individuals based on the statistical analysis (P 0.05). However, the knowledge of married people about the complications of the disease was more than single ones (P = 0.032). Conclusion: the level of knowledge about human papillomavirus and its complications, transmission ways, prevention and treatment is low, which has increased with training significantly
This book includes selected peer reviewed articles from The 5th International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2022), held on 29th and 30th April 2022 in Hyderabad, India. Articles presented here relate to next generation cognitive systems, neuroscience, cyber physical systems and their impact on communication technologies. The book includes content related to cognitive disorders, computational intelligence, fuzzy logics, evolutionary computing that are important for deriving a roadmap for future research on cognitive science/systems and communications. ICCCE is one of the most prestigious conferences conceptualized in the transdisciplinary field of cognitive science and communication technology areas like methods of linguistics, computer science, philosophy, and neuroscience. This edition of the conference was attended by several Industry professionals and academicians, and Government agencies to cover a broad range of perspectives, practices, and technical expertise related to cognitive technologies and next generation communications. Articles presented cover innovations from industry, outcome of implementations and cutting-edge research outcomes from cognitive science/technology areas and their impact on communication technology and cyber physical engineering
This introductory textbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the main issues in contemporary philosophy of social cognition. It explains and critically discusses each of the key philosophical answers to the captivating question of how we understand the mental life of other sentient creatures.Key Features:* Clearly and fully describes the major theoretical approaches to the understanding of other people's minds.* Suggests the major advantages and limitations of each approach, indicating how they differ as well as the ideas they have in common.* Tests each philosophical theory against the best available empirical data from psychology, neuroscience and psychopathology.* Includes suggestions for additional reading and practice study questions at the end of each chapter.Philosophy of Social Cognition is essential reading for all undergraduate and graduate students taking introductory courses on social cognition. It is also ideal for courses on cognitive neuroscience, social psychology and sociological theory
"A rare zoonotic disease, monkeypox is brought on by the Monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, Chordopoxvirinae subfamily, and Poxviridae family. Smallpox-like symptoms are brought on by the monkeypox disease, which is closely linked to the variola virus (smallpox virus). In the past, it has been demonstrated that smallpox vaccination with the vaccinia virus (another orthopoxvirus) is 85% protective against monkeypox. The two most likely forms of monkeypox transmission are animal-human transmission and human-human transmission. Transmission between people has been connected to respiratory droplets, coming into contact with bodily fluids, contaminated patient things or surroundings, and skin lesions on infected people. Numerous strategies or tactics have been developed by monkeypox to subvert or exacerbate the host's immune reaction to infection. A crucial element of innate immunity, natural killer [NK] cells employ cytokines to kill virus-infected cells and interfere with the operation of other cell types like T cells and dendritic cells. Studies have shown that the smallpox vaccine provides cross-protection against other Orthopoxvirus species, including monkeypox. This study was out to provide a thorough overview of the pathogenesis, prevention, risks, immune response problems, and analysis of possible concerns associated with the monkeypox virus."
How does the brain go about the business of being conscious? Though we cannot yet provide a complete answer, this book explains what is now known about the neural basis of human consciousness. The last decade has witnessed the dawn of an exciting new era of cognitive neuroscience. For example, combination of new imaging technologies and experimental study of attention has linked brain activity to specific psychological functions. The authors are leaders in psychology and neuroscience who have conducted original research on consciousness. They wish to communicate the highlights of this research.
This book develops an evolutionary theory of crime. Both evolutionary theory and neurocriminology are growing fields that are attracting more and more interest for criminologists and wider fields alike. This book summarises important readings that relate to retribution and punishment and presents some neurocriminological findings. In addition, the book introduces a new methodology for the study of crime: a game theory experiment adapted from the field of behavioural economics. Overall, the book synthesises the key crime literature, presents a new theory of crime in a new field of evolutionary criminology and the methodology to study it, and provides empirical results in support of the theory. For any evolutionary and neuroscientist interested in deviance, this book offers a new model which is testable using more complex methods such as MRI scanners and survival simulations
