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The paper analyzes Thomas Mann's literary work from the perspective of critical theory. By briefly discussing an alternative conception of critical theory, it emphasizes the importance of Karl Marx, Aristotle, and normativity to social and political theory. The paper argues that we need to conceptualize normativity in Aristotelian rather than Kantian terms, that is, by reinterpreting the tradition of the Greek notion of aretē (excellence). Hence the importance of Aristotle's ethical reflections on the flourishing of human life and of the political community. Marx is important because he provided a historically informed analysis and critique of the socioeconomic structures of modern society. Marx also gave birth to a new paradigm for social sciences and humanities, a paradigm alternative to positivism and phenomenology. Its main premise is that social and political theory must articulate the normative notion of social emancipation and criticize society and its social structures by drawing on this notion of emancipation. Thomas Mann is interesting and important from the point of view of critical theory; among other things, he provides a literary critique of the European bourgeois society and its way of life. As an illustration, Thomas Mann's dialectic of eroticism and death in the life of the bourgeois iron cage is also analyzed (the dialectic that we find in Buddenbrooks, Death in Venice, and The Magic Mountain).

The paper analyzes Thomas Mann's literary work from the perspective of critical theory. By briefly discussing an alternative conception of critical theory, it emphasizes the importance of Karl Marx, Aristotle, and normativity to social and political theory. The paper argues that we need to conceptualize normativity in Aristotelian rather than Kantian terms, that is, by reinterpreting the tradition of the Greek notion of aretē (excellence). Hence the importance of Aristotle's ethical reflections on the flourishing of human life and of the political community. Marx is important because he provided a historically informed analysis and critique of the socioeconomic structures of modern society. Marx also gave birth to a new paradigm for social sciences and humanities, a paradigm alternative to positivism and phenomenology. Its main premise is that social and political theory must articulate the normative notion of social emancipation and criticize society and its social structures by drawing on this notion of emancipation. Thomas Mann is interesting and important from the point of view of critical theory; among other things, he provides a literary critique of the European bourgeois society and its way of life. As an illustration, Thomas Mann's dialectic of eroticism and death in the life of the bourgeois iron cage is also analyzed (the dialectic that we find in Buddenbrooks, Death in Venice, and The Magic Mountain).

Employer's obligation to pay wage arises naturally from employment relationship. Receiving wage is the most important social guarantees for employee, which ensures a secure standard of living. Although today wage is not the only reward, which employee receives in exchange for the work completed, but it still remains one of the most important. The primary piece of legislation regulating the payment of wage in Lithuania is the Labour Code. According to Article 186 of the Labour Code, the wage is compensation for work performed by employee under employment contract, which is payable in cash. The obligation of wage payment is resulted by the nature of employment contract. The amount that shall be paid and payment terms are defined by mutual agreement, and certain minimum standards are laid by legislation. Wage is a periodical payment and when this payment which belongs to employee is not paid on time, whether in whole or in part, it shall be treated as a violation of employee's rights. For failure to implement employer's obligation to pay wage in timely manner, there are sanctions for the employer established in the Labour Code, namely, the average salary for the time delay (Article 141 of the Labour Code) and interest (Article 207 of the Labour Code). In this thesis based on selected aspects of the aforementioned sanctions for failure to pay wage in timely manner will be analysed. Furthermore, application of these sanctions in the Lithuanian Supreme Court case law, problems arising from application and solutions for these problems will be discussed. The thesis consists of three parts: a) legislation concerning payment of wage (in this part the importance of wage payment and legislation at the international, regional and national level is overviewed); 2) sanctions for failure to pay wage in timely manner (in this part legislation concerning sanctions and main problems arising from it is analysed); 3) problems arising from application of legislation concerning sanctions (in this part main problems found in case law and examples of problem-solving techniques are discussed).

Employer's obligation to pay wage arises naturally from employment relationship. Receiving wage is the most important social guarantees for employee, which ensures a secure standard of living. Although today wage is not the only reward, which employee receives in exchange for the work completed, but it still remains one of the most important. The primary piece of legislation regulating the payment of wage in Lithuania is the Labour Code. According to Article 186 of the Labour Code, the wage is compensation for work performed by employee under employment contract, which is payable in cash. The obligation of wage payment is resulted by the nature of employment contract. The amount that shall be paid and payment terms are defined by mutual agreement, and certain minimum standards are laid by legislation. Wage is a periodical payment and when this payment which belongs to employee is not paid on time, whether in whole or in part, it shall be treated as a violation of employee's rights. For failure to implement employer's obligation to pay wage in timely manner, there are sanctions for the employer established in the Labour Code, namely, the average salary for the time delay (Article 141 of the Labour Code) and interest (Article 207 of the Labour Code). In this thesis based on selected aspects of the aforementioned sanctions for failure to pay wage in timely manner will be analysed. Furthermore, application of these sanctions in the Lithuanian Supreme Court case law, problems arising from application and solutions for these problems will be discussed. The thesis consists of three parts: a) legislation concerning payment of wage (in this part the importance of wage payment and legislation at the international, regional and national level is overviewed); 2) sanctions for failure to pay wage in timely manner (in this part legislation concerning sanctions and main problems arising from it is analysed); 3) problems arising from application of legislation concerning sanctions (in this part main problems found in case law and examples of problem-solving techniques are discussed).

Money laundering – is a complicate process, the primary aim of which is provision of visually legitimate origin to the property acquired in criminal manner or suppression of property origin. Primary aim of any money laundering operation is dual: first, it is strived to conceal the crimes, from which the income comes, i.e. predicate crimes, and when it is succeeded to do that, criminals strive to ensure that it would be possible to use this income at their own discretion. Criminal responsibility for legalization of money or property acquired in criminal manner, or otherwise called money laundering, in Lithuania is stipulated by an article BK 216. This research paper analyzes the features of money laundering contents; the problems that arise upon establishment or evaluation of one or the other money laundering features are analyzed. In order to unfold and explain thoroughly the features of money laundering the research paper also examines international and European legal acts, by which the states undertake to criminalize money laundering, stipulate strict prevention measures of money laundering, also other international instruments intended to fight money laundering. Eventually, the author seeks to establish and evaluate whether the features of money laundering contents consolidated in legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania correspond to the compulsory provisions of international legal acts, especially of the European Union.

Money laundering – is a complicate process, the primary aim of which is provision of visually legitimate origin to the property acquired in criminal manner or suppression of property origin. Primary aim of any money laundering operation is dual: first, it is strived to conceal the crimes, from which the income comes, i.e. predicate crimes, and when it is succeeded to do that, criminals strive to ensure that it would be possible to use this income at their own discretion. Criminal responsibility for legalization of money or property acquired in criminal manner, or otherwise called money laundering, in Lithuania is stipulated by an article BK 216. This research paper analyzes the features of money laundering contents; the problems that arise upon establishment or evaluation of one or the other money laundering features are analyzed. In order to unfold and explain thoroughly the features of money laundering the research paper also examines international and European legal acts, by which the states undertake to criminalize money laundering, stipulate strict prevention measures of money laundering, also other international instruments intended to fight money laundering. Eventually, the author seeks to establish and evaluate whether the features of money laundering contents consolidated in legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania correspond to the compulsory provisions of international legal acts, especially of the European Union.

Money laundering – is a complicate process, the primary aim of which is provision of visually legitimate origin to the property acquired in criminal manner or suppression of property origin. Primary aim of any money laundering operation is dual: first, it is strived to conceal the crimes, from which the income comes, i.e. predicate crimes, and when it is succeeded to do that, criminals strive to ensure that it would be possible to use this income at their own discretion. Criminal responsibility for legalization of money or property acquired in criminal manner, or otherwise called money laundering, in Lithuania is stipulated by an article BK 216. This research paper analyzes the features of money laundering contents; the problems that arise upon establishment or evaluation of one or the other money laundering features are analyzed. In order to unfold and explain thoroughly the features of money laundering the research paper also examines international and European legal acts, by which the states undertake to criminalize money laundering, stipulate strict prevention measures of money laundering, also other international instruments intended to fight money laundering. Eventually, the author seeks to establish and evaluate whether the features of money laundering contents consolidated in legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania correspond to the compulsory provisions of international legal acts, especially of the European Union.

Money laundering – is a complicate process, the primary aim of which is provision of visually legitimate origin to the property acquired in criminal manner or suppression of property origin. Primary aim of any money laundering operation is dual: first, it is strived to conceal the crimes, from which the income comes, i.e. predicate crimes, and when it is succeeded to do that, criminals strive to ensure that it would be possible to use this income at their own discretion. Criminal responsibility for legalization of money or property acquired in criminal manner, or otherwise called money laundering, in Lithuania is stipulated by an article BK 216. This research paper analyzes the features of money laundering contents; the problems that arise upon establishment or evaluation of one or the other money laundering features are analyzed. In order to unfold and explain thoroughly the features of money laundering the research paper also examines international and European legal acts, by which the states undertake to criminalize money laundering, stipulate strict prevention measures of money laundering, also other international instruments intended to fight money laundering. Eventually, the author seeks to establish and evaluate whether the features of money laundering contents consolidated in legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania correspond to the compulsory provisions of international legal acts, especially of the European Union.

The article analyses parliamentary oversight exercised by the Seimas (Lithuanian parliament). As a legal institute of a constitutional status, parliamentary oversight is complex in its nature in that it influences the executive branch by means of established oversight instruments in a systemic and independent manner and ensures the continuous and effective functioning of the executive power. Based on the doctrine of the sovereignty of the nation, the Seimas is the only governmental body that can exercise parliamentary oversight. This function of the Seimas is therefore very significant. In the article, the author analyses the function of parliamentary oversight exercised by the Seimas and the legal and practical conditions necessary for the permanent committees of the Seimas to exercise the function effectively and continuously.

The article analyses parliamentary oversight exercised by the Seimas (Lithuanian parliament). As a legal institute of a constitutional status, parliamentary oversight is complex in its nature in that it influences the executive branch by means of established oversight instruments in a systemic and independent manner and ensures the continuous and effective functioning of the executive power. Based on the doctrine of the sovereignty of the nation, the Seimas is the only governmental body that can exercise parliamentary oversight. This function of the Seimas is therefore very significant. In the article, the author analyses the function of parliamentary oversight exercised by the Seimas and the legal and practical conditions necessary for the permanent committees of the Seimas to exercise the function effectively and continuously.

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the aspects of developing and implementing anti-corruption programming in the context of local self-government. After reviewing the scientific literature, it can be stated that anti-corruption programming in the activities of local self-government is relevant, as it is a complex corruption prevention measure aimed at combating corruption in a targeted and coordinated manner by ensuring the provisions of legal acts and providing a clear procedure for the implementation of the goals, objectives and measures; however, there is a lack of systematic, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-corruption programmes and research in the scientific discourse. The analysis of the implementation of anti-corruption programmes in Lithuanian municipalities has shown that municipalities lack a broader and comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of corruption prevention programmes - often the programmes are developed declaratively, according to templates, without paying more attention to the analysis of the existing situation, the envisaged measures are applied in a rather fragmented, unsystematic and superficial manner, and the objectives and their evaluation criteria set forth are not always clear and difficult to assess. The qualitative research carried out helped to determine the experience of anti-corruption programming and to identify the main problems in the municipalities of Klaipėda City, Klaipeda Disrict and Kretinga District. During the structured interviews it was found that the municipalities face different problems - in Klaipėda City Municipality the problems perceived by the informants relate more to the methodological and value aspects of the preparation, in Klaipėda District the informants believe that there is a lack of financial and human resources and that the public does not believe in the effectiveness of the programme, while in Kretinga District Municipality the problems of responsibility for the preparation of the programmes and the lack of activity on the part of the public and politicians are seen.

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the aspects of developing and implementing anti-corruption programming in the context of local self-government. After reviewing the scientific literature, it can be stated that anti-corruption programming in the activities of local self-government is relevant, as it is a complex corruption prevention measure aimed at combating corruption in a targeted and coordinated manner by ensuring the provisions of legal acts and providing a clear procedure for the implementation of the goals, objectives and measures; however, there is a lack of systematic, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-corruption programmes and research in the scientific discourse. The analysis of the implementation of anti-corruption programmes in Lithuanian municipalities has shown that municipalities lack a broader and comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of corruption prevention programmes - often the programmes are developed declaratively, according to templates, without paying more attention to the analysis of the existing situation, the envisaged measures are applied in a rather fragmented, unsystematic and superficial manner, and the objectives and their evaluation criteria set forth are not always clear and difficult to assess. The qualitative research carried out helped to determine the experience of anti-corruption programming and to identify the main problems in the municipalities of Klaipėda City, Klaipeda Disrict and Kretinga District. During the structured interviews it was found that the municipalities face different problems - in Klaipėda City Municipality the problems perceived by the informants relate more to the methodological and value aspects of the preparation, in Klaipėda District the informants believe that there is a lack of financial and human resources and that the public does not believe in the effectiveness of the programme, while in Kretinga District Municipality the problems of responsibility for the preparation of the programmes and the lack of activity on the part of the public and politicians are seen.

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the aspects of developing and implementing anti-corruption programming in the context of local self-government. After reviewing the scientific literature, it can be stated that anti-corruption programming in the activities of local self-government is relevant, as it is a complex corruption prevention measure aimed at combating corruption in a targeted and coordinated manner by ensuring the provisions of legal acts and providing a clear procedure for the implementation of the goals, objectives and measures; however, there is a lack of systematic, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-corruption programmes and research in the scientific discourse. The analysis of the implementation of anti-corruption programmes in Lithuanian municipalities has shown that municipalities lack a broader and comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of corruption prevention programmes - often the programmes are developed declaratively, according to templates, without paying more attention to the analysis of the existing situation, the envisaged measures are applied in a rather fragmented, unsystematic and superficial manner, and the objectives and their evaluation criteria set forth are not always clear and difficult to assess. The qualitative research carried out helped to determine the experience of anti-corruption programming and to identify the main problems in the municipalities of Klaipėda City, Klaipeda Disrict and Kretinga District. During the structured interviews it was found that the municipalities face different problems - in Klaipėda City Municipality the problems perceived by the informants relate more to the methodological and value aspects of the preparation, in Klaipėda District the informants believe that there is a lack of financial and human resources and that the public does not believe in the effectiveness of the programme, while in Kretinga District Municipality the problems of responsibility for the preparation of the programmes and the lack of activity on the part of the public and politicians are seen.

The aim of the thesis is to reveal the aspects of developing and implementing anti-corruption programming in the context of local self-government. After reviewing the scientific literature, it can be stated that anti-corruption programming in the activities of local self-government is relevant, as it is a complex corruption prevention measure aimed at combating corruption in a targeted and coordinated manner by ensuring the provisions of legal acts and providing a clear procedure for the implementation of the goals, objectives and measures; however, there is a lack of systematic, objective and comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-corruption programmes and research in the scientific discourse. The analysis of the implementation of anti-corruption programmes in Lithuanian municipalities has shown that municipalities lack a broader and comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of corruption prevention programmes - often the programmes are developed declaratively, according to templates, without paying more attention to the analysis of the existing situation, the envisaged measures are applied in a rather fragmented, unsystematic and superficial manner, and the objectives and their evaluation criteria set forth are not always clear and difficult to assess. The qualitative research carried out helped to determine the experience of anti-corruption programming and to identify the main problems in the municipalities of Klaipėda City, Klaipeda Disrict and Kretinga District. During the structured interviews it was found that the municipalities face different problems - in Klaipėda City Municipality the problems perceived by the informants relate more to the methodological and value aspects of the preparation, in Klaipėda District the informants believe that there is a lack of financial and human resources and that the public does not believe in the effectiveness of the programme, while in Kretinga District Municipality the problems of responsibility for the preparation of the programmes and the lack of activity on the part of the public and politicians are seen.