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"Milk Craze uses the production and consumption of indigenous water buffalo milk and Western-style cow milk in South China and discusses how the industrialization of milk has affected the production of scientific medical knowledge, bodily management, and parenthood in modern Chinese societies. The story of milk in China illuminates how the functions of milk can go beyond bodily benefits, creating hopes for people and the State as a means of handling modern social and political problems. Although the primary message of milk promotion may be to improve health, the process of nutrition knowledge development by the medical institutions and pharmaceutical companies, and teaching people to consume dairy products inevitably involves shaping certain kinds of subjects and citizens, and shoring up the identity and social boundaries of Chinese people by redefining the concept of health in the risk society. Consuming milk products in China too often obscures structural, political, and social stresses and constraints, while naturalizing the dubious redefinition of health as individual, especially the mothers' responsibility and imperative. This study provides a starting point from which to rethink food choice, body management, and eating/feeding rights as social duty, moral measure, and a form of power worthy of our critical thinking"--

Though informal milk markets dominate the supply of marketed milk in most developing countries, they are largely discouraged by policies based on perceived quality and safety concerns. Kenya provides a prime example of stultifying regulations affecting milk markets. In spite of several derived benefits, regulations governing informal milk markets continue to be unfavourable due to unrealistic safety standards. The rationale for applying regulations modelled along those from industrialised countries where virtually all milk destined for the market is pasteurised and packaged, and the differential political power play between formal and informal sectors, is examined against evidence on consumption patterns, human health risks and benefits associated with informal milk markets.

這項研究是以民族誌描述方法,以南中國傳統的原生牛奶和現代的進口牛奶之生產及消費切入點,探討現代性的問題。對近代中國奶品需求急增的研究,大多解釋為現代西方食習慣之影響。我透過在順德及香港牛奶生產者及消費者日常生活的描述,試圖說明這食習慣的改變並非單是「西化」;相反,這其實是中國傳統的一種延續,再由殖民主義、資本主義,全球化,及中國建構新型國家這四種動力驅使下形成。而這四種動力又有賴市場 (本地及跨國的乳品公司、財金投資者、食品包裝生產商等) 、醫科專業人士及政府對 「健康」、「飲食文化遺產」等概念賦予新的社會價值。本文嘗試透過傳統和現代的牛奶之生產及消費,審視現代中國人對「健康」和「飲食文化遺產」的觀念和價值,在近年食品安全問題的陰霾下如何改變,這又如何反映中國在現代化和新型國家建構過程中的社會變遷,並探究有關身份認同,家庭角色與現代性的意涵。 ; This thesis is an ethnographic study of the change in the production and consumption of indigenous and imported cow milk in South China, particularly Shunde and Hong Kong, during the post-Mao period. Contrary to the popular view that cow milk consumption in China is a result of Western influence, the milk production and consumption in South China is actually a continuation of the Chinese tradition. This thesis shows that the popularity of milk consumption in Shunde and Hong Kong is driven by the forces of colonialism, globalization, capitalism, and modern state-building. Milk consumption in these two places is mainly promoted through three kinds of agents - the market (global and local milk companies, financial investors, food-packaging companies), medical professionals and the State. I illustrate how these forces and agents affect the classification, meanings and values of health and culinary heritage, and how this results in a reinvention of tradition and a change in the concept of morality, amidst concerns over food safety. By examining the transformation of the values associated with milk in the process of production and consumption, I show how health and culinary heritage become the contested ground in the reconfiguration of modern identity and social relationship, while complying with the vision of the government in the building of national pride. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Mak, Sau Wa. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-269). ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat ...

After the abolition of the EU dairy quotas, the European milk package ordinance was introduced. This policy strengthens the focus of transparency, equality and sustainability to renew the structure of the European dairy framework. On these grounds, this thesis takes a closer look at the potential impacts of the milk package policy on the European international trade flows. The empirical analysis utilizes the gravity model of trade with an extended set of fixed effects to elaborate on the issue. Thereby, the OLS as well as the PPML estimation method is applied. The panel data set covers bilateral trade flows from the EU-28 member states to 189 importing countries considering ten different cow dairy products. The observed period from 1995 to 2016 contains a total of 488.918 observations. For the estimation, several data sets originating from the Food and Agricultural organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the World Bank, the Euro- pean Commission and the Mario Larch RTA database are used. Although the milk package policy technically relates to supply chain improvements, indirect effects on the international trade volume are assumed. The results reveal that only one of the five milk package elements, namely the producer organisation, has a consistent trade impact. Yet, it is uncertain if the policy implementation period under consideration is long enough to unfold its full effectiveness. ; by Viktoria Fink ; Diplomarbeit University of Innsbruck 2020

Intro -- AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN CHINA -- AGRICULTURAL TRADE IN CHINA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL TRADE:COMPETITIVE CONDITIONSAND EFFECTS ON UNITED STATES EXPORTS -- ABSTRACT -- ACRONYMS AND TERMS -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- Major Findings and Observations -- China's Agricultural Trade -- Chinese Domestic Consumption -- Agricultural Sector Characteristics -- Chinese Agricultural Policy Objectives -- Competitiveness in the Chinese Agricultural Sector -- Chinese Tariffs and Nontariff Measures -- China's Trade Agreements -- Quantitative Findings -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- Scope of the Report -- Approach -- China's Policy Framework -- Policy Environment -- Policy Objectives -- Policy Instruments -- Bibliography -- 2. CHINESE AGRICULTURAL TRADE -- Overview -- Imports -- Imports by Product -- Soybeans -- Vegetable Oils -- Cotton -- Hides and Skins -- Meat -- Grains -- Other Products -- Imports by Major Trading Partner -- Exports -- Exports by Product -- Horticultural Products -- Other Products -- Exports by Major Trading Partner -- China-U.S. Competition in Third-Country Markets -- Bibliography -- 3. CHINESE AGRICULTURAL CONSUMPTION -- Overview -- Consumption Trends -- Consumption Patterns -- Caloric Intake -- China-U.S. Competition in Third-Country Markets -- Bibliography -- 3. CHINESE AGRICULTURAL CONSUMPTION -- Overview -- Consumption Trends -- Factors Affecting Consumption -- Population -- Urbanization -- Income and Expenditure -- Food Prices -- Food Preferences -- Changing Preferences -- Demand for Food Safety -- Chinese Shopping Preferences -- Bibliography -- 4. CHINESE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND POLICIES -- Overview -- Production -- General Production Patterns -- Recent Production Trends -- China's Agricultural Policies Related to Production -- Introduction